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NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics Solutions Chapter 12 Thermodynamics

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NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics Solutions Chapter 12 Thermodynamics

Edited By Safeer PP | Updated on Aug 09, 2022 11:14 AM IST

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics solutions chapter 12 - Thermodynamics is one of the most sought topics in physics for both CBSE exams and entrance exams. This chapter of NCERT Class 11 Physics Syllabus explains various topics that can be turned into a question for the students. In this NCERT exemplar Class 11 Physics chapter 12 solutions, the students will learn about the relation between energy, matter, heat, and work. This entire Class 11 Physics NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 12 is based on the process of turning heat into energy and how this entire process affects matters.
Also, check NCERT Solutions for Class 11 other subjects.

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics Solutions Chapter 12 MCQI

Question:1

An ideal gas undergoes four different processes from the same initial state (Figure). Four processes are adiabatic, isothermal, isobaric and isochoric. Out of 1, 2, 3 and 4 which one is adiabatic.


(a) 4
(b) 3
(c) 2
(d) 1

Answer:

The answer is the option (c) 4 is the isobaric process, 1 is isochoric. Out of 3 and 2, 3 has a smaller slope hence is isothermal. Remaining process 2 is adiabatic.

Question:3

Consider P-V diagram for an ideal gas shown in Figure.

Out of the following diagrams (Figure), which represents the T-P diagram?



(a) (iv)
(b) (ii)
(c) (iii)
(d) (i)

Answer:

The answer is the option (c)

Question:4

An ideal gas undergoes cyclic process ABCDA as shown in given P-V diagram (Figure). The amount of work done by the gas is

a) 6P_{0}V_{0}
b) -2P_{0}V_{0}
c) +2P_{0}V_{0}
d) +4P_{0}V_{0}

Answer:

The answer is the option (b). Since the direction of arrows is anticlockwise, so work done is negative equal to the area of the loop
=-2P_{0}V_{0}

Question:5

Consider two containers A and B containing identical gases at the same pressure, volume and temperature. The gas in container A is compressed to half of its original volume isothermally while the gas in container B is compressed to half of its original value adiabatically. The ratio of final pressure of gas in B to that of gas in A is
a) 2^{\gamma-1}
b) \left (\frac{1}{2} \right )^{\gamma-1}
c) \left (\frac{1}{1-\gamma} \right )^{2}
d) \left (\frac{1}{\gamma-1} \right )^{2}

Answer:

The answer is the option (a). Let us consider a P-V diagram for container A and B. Compression of gas is involved in both the cases. For the isothermal process (gas A) during 1\rightarrow 2

P_1V_1=P_{2}V_{2}

P_{0}(2V_{0})=P_{2}V_{0}

P_{2}=2P_{0}
For adiabatic process 1\rightarrow 2
P_{1}V_{1}^{\gamma }=P_2V_{2}^{\gamma}

P_{0}(2V_{0})^{\gamma }=P_{2}(V_{0})^{\gamma }

P_{2}=\left (\frac{2V_{0}}{V_{0}} \right )^{\gamma} P_{0}=2^{\gamma } P_{0}

\frac{(P_{2})_{B}}{(P_{1})_{A}}=\frac{2^{\gamma } P_{0}}{2P_{0}}=2^{\gamma -1}

Question:6

Three copper blocks of massesM_{1}, M_{2} and M_{3} kg respectively are brought into thermal contact till they reach equilibrium. Before contact, they were at T_{1}, T_{2}, T_{3} (T_{1} > T_{2} > T_{3} ). Assuming there is no heat loss to the surroundings, the equilibrium temperature T is (s is specific heat of copper)

a) T=\frac{T_{1}+T_{2}+ T_{3}}{3}
b) T=\frac{M_{1}T_{1}+M_{2}T_{2}+ M_{3}T_{3}}{M_{1}+M_{2}+M_{3}}
c) T=\frac{M_{1}T_{1}+M_{2}T_{2}+ M_{3}T_{3}}{3(M_{1}+M_{2}+M_{3})}
d) T=\frac{M_{1}T_{1}s+M_{2}T_{2}s+ M_{3}T_{3}s}{M_{1}+M_{2}+M_{3}}

Answer:

The answer is the option (b) Let the equilibrium temperature of the system=T
Let T_{1}T_{2}<T<T_3
As there is no loss to the surroundings.
Heat lost by M_3=Heat gain by M_{1}+Heat gain by M_{2}
M_{3}s(T_{3}-T)=M_{1}s(T-T_{1})+M_{2}s(T-T_{2})
M_3sT_3-M_3sT=M_1sT-M_1sT_1+M_2sT-M_2sT_2
T(M_{3}+M_{1}+M_2)=M_3T_3+M_1T_1+M_2T_2
T=\frac{M_1T_1+M_2T_2+M_{3}T_{3}}{M_{1}+M_2+M_3}
Hence (b) is correct.

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics Solutions Chapter 12 MCQII

Question:7

Which of the processes described below are irreversible?
(a) The increase in temperature of an iron rod by hammering it.
(b) A gas in a small container at a temperature T1 is brought in contact with a big reservoir at a higher temperature T2 which increases the temperature of the gas.
(c) A quasi-static isothermal expansion of an ideal gas in a cylinder fitted with a frictionless piston.
(d) An ideal gas is enclosed in a piston-cylinder arrangement with adiabatic walls. A weight W is added to the piston, resulting in compression of the gas.

Answer:

The answer is the option (a), (b), (d)
(a) During hammering the work done on the rod in hammering converts into heat, raises the temperature of the rod but this heat energy cannot be converted into work, so the process is not reversible.
(b) Heat flows from higher temperature to lower. When the containers are brought in contact, the heat of the bigger one gets transferred to a smaller container until the temperature in both the containers become equal, which is an average of both. But the heat cannot flow from smaller to larger.
(d) Adding weight to the piston increases the pressure and decreases the volume. It cannot be reversed back itself.

Question:8

An ideal gas undergoes isothermal process from some initial state I to final state f. Choose the correct alternatives
a) dU = 0
b) dQ = 0
c) dQ = dU
d) dQ = dW

Answer:

The answer is the option (a) and (d).
Since the process is isothermal \Delta T=0or T is constant
For an ideal gas, dU=Change in internal energy=nCvdT
dT=0 ;Thus dU=0
dQ=dU+dW
dQ=dW
Hence, a and d are correct.

Question:9

Figure shows the P-V diagram of an ideal gas undergoing a change of state from A to B. Four different parts I, II, III and IV as shown in the figure may lead to the same change of state.

(a) Change in internal energy is same in IV and III cases, but not in I and II.
(b) Change in internal energy is same in all the four cases.
(c) Work done is maximum in case I
(d) Work done is minimum in case II.

Answer:

The answer is the option (b) and (c). dU is independent of the path followed in a P-V diagram. It depends only on the initial and final position. Work done is the area enclosed with the V-axis.
The initial and final position is the same for different parts I, II, III, IV. So change in U is same. Hence b is correct.
As area enclosed by the path I is maximum with V-axis, so work done during path I is maximum and minimum in III.
Hence, c is correct.

Question:10

Consider a cycle followed by an engine

1 to 2 is isothermal
2 to 3 is adiabatic
3 to 1 is adiabatic
Such a process does not exist because
a) heat is completely converted to mechanical energy in such a process, which is not possible
b) mechanical energy is completely converted to heat in this process, which is not possible
c) curves representing two adiabatic processes don’t intersect
d) curves representing an adiabatic process and an isothermal process don’t intersect

Answer:

The answer is the option (a) and (c).
The given process is cyclic, which starts at 1 and ends at 1.
So, dU=0
And dQ= dU+dW
dQ=dW
The heat energy supplied to the system gets converted to mechanical work which isn't possible by the second law of thermodynamics.

Question:11

Consider a heat engine as shown on the figure. Q_{1} and Q_{2} are heat added to heat bath T_{1} and heat taken from T_{2} in one cycle of the engine. W is the mechanical work done on the engine.

If W > 0, then possibilities are:
a) Q_{1} > Q_{2} > 0
b) Q_{2} > Q_{1} > 0
c) Q_{2} < Q_{1} < 0
d) Q_{1} < 0, Q_{2} > 0

Answer:

The answer is the option (a) and (c)
Q_{1}=W+Q_{2} (From above figure)
W>0\\ Q_{1}-Q_{2}>0\\ Q_{1}>0
Thus, Q_{1}>0 if both Q_{1} and Q_{2} are positive.
And Q_{1}<Q_{2}<0 if both are negative.
Hence, a and c are correct.

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics Solutions Chapter 12 Very Short Answer

Question:12

Can a system be heated, and its temperature remains constant?

Answer:

A system can be heated, but with a constant temperature when it does work against the surrounding to compensate for the heat supplied.
\Delta T=0 \Rightarrow \Delta U=0
\Delta Q=\Delta U+\Delta W
\Delta Q=\Delta W

Question:14

If a refrigerator’s door is kept open, will the room become cool or hot? Explain.

Answer:

When the refrigerator door is kept open, the amount of heat absorbed from inside the refrigerator and the work is done on it by electricity both will be rejected by the refrigerator in the room. This will make the room hotter.

Question:15

Is it possible to increase the temperature of a gas without adding heat to it? Explain.

Answer:

In adiabatic compression, the temperature of gas increases while no heat is added to the system.
dQ=0
dQ=dU+dW
dU=-dW
So in compression work done on the system is negative. Thus, dU is positive, increasing the temperature of the system. As the internal energy of gas increases, its temperature decreases.

Question:16

Air pressure in a car tyre increases during driving. Explain.

Answer:

During driving, a reaction force is applied due to the force on tyres. The temperature of gas increases due to this reaction force causing the gas inside the tyre to expand while the volume inside the tyre remains constant. In accordance with the Charles Law, the temperature of the car tyre increases as well as the pressure (P\propto T)

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics Solutions Chapter 12 Short Answer

Question:17

Consider a Carnot’s cycle operating between T_1 = 500K and T_{2} = 300K producing 1 k J of mechanical work per cycle. Find the heat transferred to the engine by the reservoirs.

Answer:

The efficiency of Carnot's engine \mu =1-T_2/T_1
T_{1}(Temp of source)=500K
T_{2}Temp of sink=300K
\frac{\text{Output work}}{\text{Input work}}=1-\frac{300}{500 }
\frac{1000 J}{x}=1-0.6
\frac{1000 }{x}=0.4
x=\frac{1000}{0.4}=2500J

Question:18

A person of mass 60 kg wants to lose 5kg by going up and down a 10m high stairs. Assume he burns twice as much fat while going up than coming down. If 1 kg of fat is burnt on expending 7000 kilo calories, how many times must he go up and down to reduce his weight by 5 kg?

Answer:

The energy produced by 1 kg fat=7000 k cal
Energy produced by 5 kg fat=35000 k cal=35×106 cal
Energy consumed to go up one time=mgh
Energy consumed to go up and down one time=mgh+0.5mgh
E=\frac{3}{2}mgh=\frac{3}{2}\times 60\times 10\times 10=9000 J=\frac{9000}{4.2}cal
Let us assume that he goes up and down n times, then
n\times \frac{9000}{4.2}=35\times 10^{6}
n=35\times 10^{6}\times \frac{4.2}{9000}=16.3\times10^3

Question:19

Consider a cycle tyre being filled with air by a pump. Let V be the volume of the tyre (fixed) and at each stroke of the pump \Delta V\leq V)
of air is transferred to the tube adiabatically. What is the work done when the pressure in the tube is increased from P1 to P2?

Answer:

Air is transferred into tyre adiabatically.
Let the initial volume of air be V and after pumping it becomes V+dV and pressure P+dP
P_1 V_1^\gamma =P_2V_{2}^{\gamma }
P(V+dV)^\gamma =(P+dP)V^\gamma
PV^\gamma \left [1+\frac{dV}{V} \right ]^\gamma =P\left [1+\frac{dP}{P} \right ]V^\gamma
PV^\gamma \left [1+\gamma \frac{dV}{V} \right ]=PV^\gamma\left [ 1+\frac{dP}{P} \right ]
On expanding by binomial theorem and neglecting the higher terms
1+\gamma \frac{dV}{V}=1+\frac{dP}{P}
dV=\frac{VdP}{\gamma P}
\int pdV=\int_{P_{1}}^{P_{2}}\frac{VdP}{\gamma }
\int_{W_{1}}^{W_{2}}dW=\frac{V}{\gamma }(P_2-P_1)
W=\frac{V}{\gamma }\left (P_2-P_1 \right )

Question:22

The initial state of a certain gas is P_i, V_i, T_i. It undergoes expansion till its volume becomes V_f. Consider the following two cases:
a) the expansion takes place at constant temperature
b) the expansion takes place at constant pressure
Plot the P-V diagram for each case. In which of the two cases, is the work done by the gas more?

Answer:

The expansion from Vi to Vf at a constant temperature in (a) is an isothermal expansion.i.e.
P_{i}V_{i}=P_fV_f at a constant temp.
The expansion at constant pressure in (b) is the isobaric process wherein the graph of P-V will be parallel to V axis until its volume becomes V_f.
The area enclosed by graph (a) is less than the graph (b). So, work done by the process (b) is more than (a).

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics Solutions Chapter 12 Long Answer

Question:23

Consider a P-V diagram in which the path followed by one mole of perfect gas in a cylindrical container is shown in the figure.

a) find the work done when the gas is taken from state 1 to state 2
b) what is the ratio of temperature \frac{T_{1}}{T_{2}} if V_{2}=2V_{1}
c) given the internal energy for one mole of gas at temperature T is \left (\frac{3}{2} \right )RT, find the heat supplied to the gas when it is taken from state 1 to 2 with V_2 = 2V_1.

Answer:

Let P_{1}V_{1}^{\frac{1}{2}}=P_BV_B^{\frac{1}{2}}=K
And P=\frac{K}{V^{\frac{1}{2}}}
Work done for process 1 to 2; WD=\int_{V_{1}}^{V_{2}}PdV=\int_{V_{1}}^{V_{2}}\frac{K}{V^{\frac{1}{2}}}dV=K\left [ \frac{V^{\frac{1}{2}}}{\frac{1}{2}} \right ]=2K\left [ \sqrt{V_{2}}-\sqrt{V_{1}} \right ]
WD from V1to V2=
dW=2P_1V_1^{\frac{1}{2}}V_2-V_1=2P_2V_2^{\frac{1}{2}}V_2-V_1
  1. Equation of ideal gas PV=nRT
T=\frac{PV}{nR}=\frac{K\sqrt{V}}{nR }
T_{1}=\frac{K\sqrt{V_{1}}}{nR }and T_{2}=\frac{K\sqrt{V_{2}}}{nR }
\frac{T_1}{T_2}=\frac{\sqrt{V_1}}{\sqrt{V_2}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
(c )
\Delta U=\frac{3}{2}R\Delta T=\frac{3}{2}R(T_{2}-T_{1})
\Delta U=\frac{3}{2}RT_1(\sqrt{2}-1)
dW=2P_1V_1\frac{1}{2}\left (\sqrt{V_2}-\sqrt{V_1} \right )
dW=2P_1V_1^{\frac{1}{2}}(\sqrt{2V_1}-\sqrt{V_1})
dW=2P_1V_1(\sqrt{2}-1) =2nRT_{1}(\sqrt{2}-1)
n=1
dW=2RT_1(\sqrt{2}-1)
dQ=dW+dU=2RT_{1}(\sqrt{2}-1)+\frac{3}{2}RT_{1}\left (\sqrt{2}-1 \right )
=(\sqrt{2}-1)RT_{1}\left (2+\frac{3}{2} \right )

Question:24

A cycle followed by an engine is shown in the figure.

A to B: volume constant
B to C: adiabatic
C to D: volume constant
D to A: adiabatic
V_C = V_D = 2V_A = 2V_B
a) in which part of the cycle heat is supplied to the engine from outside?
b) in which part of the cycle heat is being given to the surrounding by the engine?
c) what is the work done by the engine in one cycle in terms of P_A, P_B, V_A?
d) what is the efficiency of the engine?

Answer:

(a) Heat is supplied to the engine in part AB where dV=0
dW=PdV=P(0)
dW=0
dQ=dU+dW(First law of thermodynamics)
dQ=dU
P=\frac{nRT}{V}
V=constant
p\propto T
(b) Heat is given out by the system in a part CD where dV=0 and pressure and temperature decreases
(c ) WD by system=\int_{B}^{A}PdV+\int_{B}^{C}PdV+\int_{C}^D{}PdV+\int_{D}^{A}PdV
\int_{B}^{A}PdV=0 \text{and}\int_{C}^D{}PdV=0
For adiabatic change
PV^{\gamma}=K
P=\frac{K}{V^{\gamma}}

\int_{B}^{C}PdV=\int_{A}^{B}\frac{K}{V^{\gamma }}dV=K\left [ \frac{V^{-\gamma +1}}{1-\gamma } \right ]^{V_{C}}_{V_{B}}
\int_{B}^{C}PdV=\frac{K}{1-\gamma}\left [ V_{C}^{1-\gamma}-V_{B}^{1-\gamma} \right ]
\int_{D}^{A}PdV=\frac{K}{1-\gamma}\left [ V_{A}^{1-\gamma}-V_{D}^{1-\gamma} \right ]
\int_{D}^{A}PdV=\frac{P_{A}V_{A}^{\gamma}V_{A}^{1-\gamma}-P_{D}V_{D}^{\gamma}V_{D}^{1-\gamma}}{1-\gamma}
\int_{D}^{A}PdV=\frac{P_{A}V_{A}-P_{D}V_{D}}{1-\gamma}
\int_{D}^{A}PdV=\frac{P_{A}V_{A}-P_{D}V_{D}}{1-\gamma}
\int_{B}^{C}PdV=\frac{P_{C}V_{C}-P_{B}V_{B}}{1-\gamma}
Total WD=\frac{[P_{C}V_{C}-P_{B}V_{B}+P_{A}V_{A}-P_{D}V_{D}]}{1-\gamma}
For Adiabatic change=P_{B}V_{B}^\gamma =P_{C}V_{C}^{\gamma}
P_C=\frac{P_BV_B^{\gamma}}{V_C^\gamma}=P_B\left (\frac{V_B}{V_C} \right )^\gamma=P_B\left (\frac{V_B}{2V_B} \right )^\gamma=\frac{P_B}{2^\gamma}
P_{D}=\frac{P_{A}}{2^\gamma }
Net WD= \frac{1}{1-\gamma} [P_BV_C2-\gamma-P_BV_B+P_AV_A-P_AV_D2-\gamma ]
=\frac{1}{1-\gamma}[P_B2V_B2^{-\gamma}-P_BV_B+P_AV_A-P_A2V_A2^{-\gamma}]
=\frac{1}{1-\gamma}[-P_{B}V_{B}[-2^{1-\gamma }+1]P_{A}V_{A}[-2^{1-\gamma }+1]]
=\frac{1}{1-\gamma}[P_{A}V_{A}-P_{B}V_{B}][1-2^{1-\gamma}]
2V_B=2V_A\Rightarrow V_B=V_A=\frac{1}{1-\frac{5}{3}}\left [ -2^{1-\frac{5}{3}}+1 \right ][-P_B+P_A]V_A
=\frac{3}{2}\left [ 1-\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )^{\frac{2}{3}} \right ][P_B-P_A]V_A

Question:25

A cycle followed by an engine is shown in the figure. Find heat exchanged by the engine, with the surroundings for each section of the cycle considering C_{v} = \left (\frac{3}{2} \right )R.

AB: constant volume
BC: constant pressure
CD: adiabatic
DA: constant pressure

Answer:

Ans.

(a) For A\rightarrow B, dV=0
dW=\int PdV=\int P\times 0=0
dQ=dU+dW=dU+0
dQ=dU
dQ=nC_vdT
n=1;C_v=\frac{3}{2}R
dQ=1\left (\frac{3}{2} R \right )(T_B-T_A)
dU=dQ_1=\frac{3}{2}\left (RT_B-RT_A \right )=\frac{3}{2}(P_BV_B-P_AV_A)
(b) B\rightarrow C
dQ_2=dU+dW=C_vdT+P_BdV
dQ_2=\frac{3}{2}R\left (T_C-T_B \right )+P_B\left (V_C-V_B \right )
=\frac{3}{2}[P_CV_C]-\frac{3}{2}{P_BV_B}-P_BV_B+P_BV_C
V_A=V_B and P_B=P_{C}
dQ_2=\frac{5}{2}P_BV_C-\frac{5}{2}P_BV_A=\frac{5}{2}P_B[V_C-V_A ]
(c ) C\rightarrow D, adiabatic change
dQ_{3}=0
  1. In diagram D\rightarrow A
\Delta P=0
Compression of gas at constant pressure takes place. Therefore, heat exchange is similar to part (b)
dQ_{4}=\frac{5}{2}P_A(V_A-V_D)

Question:27

Consider one mole of perfect gas in a cylinder of unit cross-section with a piston attached. A spring is attached to the piston and to the bottom of the cylinder. Initially the spring is unstretched and the gas is in equilibrium. A certain amount of heat Q is supplied to the gas causing an increase of volume from V0 to V1.

a) what is the initial pressure of the system?
b) what is the final pressure of the system?
c) using the first law of thermodynamics, write down the relation between Q, Pa, V, V0, and k.

Answer:


  1. Piston is considered massless and balanced by atmospheric pressure. So the initial
pressure of system inside cylinder is Pa
  1. On supplying heat volume of gas increases from V_{0}to V_1

Increase in Volume=V_1-V_{0} =Area of base×height=A\times x
V_{1}-V_{0}=A\times x
x=\frac{V_{1}-V_{0}}{A}
(Force exerted by spring)
F=Kx=\frac{K(V_1-V_0)}{A}
(Force due to spring on unit area)
F=K(V_{1}-V_0)
(Final total pressure on gas)
P_f=P_a+K(V_1-V_0)
  1. dQ=dU+dW (First law of thermodynamics)
dU=C_v(T-T_0)
T=final temperature of the gas
T0=initial temperature of the gas
n=1
T_y=T=\frac{P_fV_f}{R}=\frac{\left [P_a+K(V_1-V_0) \right ]}{R}
dW=P_a(V_1-V_0)+\frac{1}{2}kx^{2}(Increase in potential energy of spring)
dQ=dU+dW=C_v(T-T_0)+P_a(V_1-V_0)+\frac{1}{2}kx^2
dQ=dU+dW=C_v(T-T_0)+P_a(V_1-V_0)+\frac{1}{2}k(V_1-V_0)^2.

One of the most crucial topics covered is thermodynamic equilibrium, which explains when a system is isolated from the surrounding, the properties do not change. Other than this, various other topics are covered like entropy, enthalpy, laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic processes, types of system, etc. are covered in Class 11 Physics NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 12.

We have solved all the questions that the NCERT book has after the chapter. These questions play a major role in understanding the chapter in detail, and also in answering questions in exams. Students can easily check their answers against the ones that our experts have solved. Also, one can download the NCERT exemplar Class 11 Physics solutions chapter 12 pdf download for offline access using the download link.

Also, Read NCERT Solution subject wise -

Also, check NCERT Notes subject wise -

Topics Covered in NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics Solutions Chapter 12 Thermodynamics

  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Thermal equilibrium
  • 3. Zeroth law of thermodynamics
  • 4. Heat, internal energy, and work
  • 5. The first law of thermodynamics
  • 6. Specific heat capacity
  • 7. Thermodynamic state variables and equation of state
  • 8. Thermodynamic processes
  • 9. Heat engines
  • 10. Refrigerators and heat pumps
  • 11. The second law of thermodynamics
  • 12. Reversible and irreversible processes
  • 13. Carnot engine

What Will The student learn in NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics Solutions Chapter 12 Thermodynamics?

  • In this chapter, several topics revolve around heat and energy and interconversion between them. In thermodynamics, the rate of the change or how the change happens is not accounted for. Instead, it takes into account the final and initial stage of a process in bulk and not at microscopic levels.
  • In NCERT exemplar Class 11 Physics chapter 12 solutions, the learners will delve into various thermodynamic systems like closed system, open systems, and isolated systems.
  • The thermodynamic process like isothermal, isobaric, isochoric, and adiabatic process is explained in detail in Class 11 Physics NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 12.
  • Two of the major topics are explained, that is enthalpy and entropy. Enthalpy is the measurement of energy, and entropy is the measurement of disorder in a system. Other than these factors, 4 laws of thermodynamics and state of equilibriums are topics that hold the most importance.
  • Also, in the NCERT exemplar Class 11 Physics solutions chapter 12, various applications of thermodynamics are added like heat engines, refrigerators, and Carnot engines.
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NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics Solutions Chapter-Wise

Important Topics To Cover From NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 12

· One of the very things that students should learn from this chapter and NCERT exemplar Class 11 Physics solutions chapter 12 is the factors, terminology, processes, and variables. Enthalpy, entropy, specific heat, thermodynamic processes, etc., are some topics that will help in higher education and a better understanding of the chapter.

· Secondly, students should focus on all the laws of thermodynamics. There are in total four laws which hold importance for exams, entrance exams, and from an application point of view in the field of engineering and science.

· Lastly, the students should focus on the real-world applications of thermodynamics with the help of NCERT exemplar Class 11 Physics chapter 12 solutions. One should learn in detail about the heat engines, refrigerators, and the Carnot engine. Focus on the working process, the importance, and its application.

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Solutions

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Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

1. Is this chapter and crucial for NEET?

Yes, this chapter is important for NEET and the medical entrance exam. The physics papers tend to have 1-2 questions from this chapter every year.

2. What all questions are solved in solutions?

  All 27 questions given in the exercise of the physics NCERT exemplar book is solved with utmost detail. All the NCERT exemplar solutions for class 11 physics, chapter 12 are in simple language and easy to understand.

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Our teams of experienced teachers who have industry and teaching knowledge for years have solved these questions keeping in mind the student’s level of understanding. 

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Get answers from students and experts

A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is

Option 1)

0.34\; J

Option 2)

0.16\; J

Option 3)

1.00\; J

Option 4)

0.67\; J

A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times.  Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated.  How much fat will he use up considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up ?  Fat supplies 3.8×107 J of energy per kg which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate.  Take g = 9.8 ms−2 :

Option 1)

2.45×10−3 kg

Option 2)

 6.45×10−3 kg

Option 3)

 9.89×10−3 kg

Option 4)

12.89×10−3 kg

 

An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range

Option 1)

2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J

Option 2)

200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J

Option 3)

2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J

Option 4)

20,000 \, \, J - 50,000 \, \, J

A particle is projected at 600   to the horizontal with a kinetic energy K. The kinetic energy at the highest point

Option 1)

K/2\,

Option 2)

\; K\;

Option 3)

zero\;

Option 4)

K/4

In the reaction,

2Al_{(s)}+6HCL_{(aq)}\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}\, _{(aq)}+6Cl^{-}\, _{(aq)}+3H_{2(g)}

Option 1)

11.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}  at STP  is produced for every mole HCL_{(aq)}  consumed

Option 2)

6L\, HCl_{(aq)}  is consumed for ever 3L\, H_{2(g)}      produced

Option 3)

33.6 L\, H_{2(g)} is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts

Option 4)

67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)} at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .

How many moles of magnesium phosphate, Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?

Option 1)

0.02

Option 2)

3.125 × 10-2

Option 3)

1.25 × 10-2

Option 4)

2.5 × 10-2

If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12, mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative atomic mass unit, the mass of one mole of a substance will

Option 1)

decrease twice

Option 2)

increase two fold

Option 3)

remain unchanged

Option 4)

be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.

With increase of temperature, which of these changes?

Option 1)

Molality

Option 2)

Weight fraction of solute

Option 3)

Fraction of solute present in water

Option 4)

Mole fraction.

Number of atoms in 558.5 gram Fe (at. wt.of Fe = 55.85 g mol-1) is

Option 1)

twice that in 60 g carbon

Option 2)

6.023 × 1022

Option 3)

half that in 8 g He

Option 4)

558.5 × 6.023 × 1023

A pulley of radius 2 m is rotated about its axis by a force F = (20t - 5t2) newton (where t is measured in seconds) applied tangentially. If the moment of inertia of the pulley about its axis of rotation is 10 kg m2 , the number of rotations made by the pulley before its direction of motion if reversed, is

Option 1)

less than 3

Option 2)

more than 3 but less than 6

Option 3)

more than 6 but less than 9

Option 4)

more than 9

Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

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Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary. 

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Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

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GIS Expert

GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.

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Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

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Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

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Database Architect

If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy, IIT Kharagpur, JMI New Delhi

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Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive. 

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

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Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

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The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

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Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

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A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

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Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

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Stock Analyst

Individuals who opt for a career as a stock analyst examine the company's investments makes decisions and keep track of financial securities. The nature of such investments will differ from one business to the next. Individuals in the stock analyst career use data mining to forecast a company's profits and revenues, advise clients on whether to buy or sell, participate in seminars, and discussing financial matters with executives and evaluate annual reports.

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Researcher

A Researcher is a professional who is responsible for collecting data and information by reviewing the literature and conducting experiments and surveys. He or she uses various methodological processes to provide accurate data and information that is utilised by academicians and other industry professionals. Here, we will discuss what is a researcher, the researcher's salary, types of researchers.

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Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

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Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

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Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems. 

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Safety Manager

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Conservation Architect

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Audiologist

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For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

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Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

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Radio Jockey

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A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

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The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

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Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

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Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

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Producer

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story. 

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

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Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism, Advertising, Marketing Management. Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

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Vlogger

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

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Publisher

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

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Journalist

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

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Editor

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

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Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

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Multimedia Specialist

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QA Manager
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Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

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Production Manager
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QA Lead

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

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Structural Engineer

A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software. 

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Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

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QA Manager
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AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

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Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

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Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

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Product Manager

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

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Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

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ITSM Manager
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Automation Test Engineer

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process. 

2 Jobs Available
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