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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 6 Evolution
Edited By Irshad Anwar | Updated on May 13, 2025 11:22 AM IST | #CBSE Class 12th
Evolution helps students understand how life began and how it has changed over time. Chapter 6 talks about how the origin of life was a special event in the universe, leading to the development of all living things, including humans. One experiment discussed is the Miller-Urey experiment, which shows how life may have started on Earth. The chapter also explains how scientists use fossils, body structures, embryos, and genetic information as evidence to show that simple organisms slowly changed into more complex ones. Students will also learn about Darwin's theory of natural selection and ideas which help explain how evolution works.
This Story also Contains
- NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology Evolution PDF
- NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 6 (Solved Exercise Questions)
- Most Important Questions of Class 12 Biology Chapter 6
- Approach to Solve Questions of Class 12 Chapter 6 Evolution
- What Extra Should Students Study Beyond the NCERT for NEET?
- NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology- Chapter-wise
The Evolution NCERT Solutions class 12 offers questions and answers based on the chapter. If you need detailed answers for other classes (6–12), NCERT solutions are available. By studying the Evolution of organisms in NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology, students can easily understand each principle and process, as they are explained in detail, step by step, by the subject experts.
NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology Evolution PDF
The free PDF is given below. Going through this gives you a clear understanding of how life evolves.
Also Read, related to the evolution NCERT
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 6 (Solved Exercise Questions)
From here students can have detailed and clear solutions for the exercise questions given in the textbook to have more knowledge about the topic.
Question 1. Explain antibiotic resistance observed in bacteria in light of Darwinian selection theory.
Answer:
Darwinian selection theory indicates that organisms with variations have high chances of surviving and reproducing in a changing environment. A classic example of this can be seen with antibiotic resistance in bacteria. In this experiment, bacteria grown in an environment containing penicillin were mostly killed, but those having genetic variations survived. These surviving bacteria then multiplied and reproduced, passing down their resistance genes. As time passed, the population evolved to be more resistant to penicillin, indicating how environmental factors can influence evolutionary outcomes.
Answer:
In September 2015 in the newspapers, we heard the discovery of 100 million-year-old pieces of a skeleton of Homo naledi.
This was a newly discovered human species represented by a jawbone found in South Africa by John Hawks.
It is said that the fossil filled a gap in the early evolution of man, and it is believed that this human ancestor buried its death.
Question 3. Attempt to give a clear definition of the term species.
Answer:
A species represents the lowest taxonomic group that has similar structural and functional features and is capable of breeding true among themselves.
A species consists of all individuals that share a common gene pool.
The study of these species plays an important role in evolutionary research, ecology, and conservation biology.
Answer:
There are several components associated with human evolution, such as brain size, function, skeletal structure, diet, posture, etc.
Below is the table of different features:
Genus/species | Brain size | Posture | Diet | Features |
Dryopithecus | - | Knuckle walker | Soft fruits and leaves | Frontally broadened jaws, large canines, arms, and legs of equal size |
Ramapithecus | - | Semi-erect posture | Seeds and nuts | Small and delicate jaws, small canines, and flattened molars |
Australopithecus afarensis | 600cm3 | Fully erect | Fruits and leaves (herbivores) | Large jaws, small canines, and incisors lived in caves |
Homo habilis(Handyman) | 680cm3 | Fully erect, around 1.5m tall | Carnivorous | Jaws lightly built, small canines and capable of making tools of stone |
Homo erectus | 900cm3 | Fully erect, around 1.5m tall | omnivorous | Large canines make use of fire for hunting and cooking and live in caves |
Homo sapiens neanderthalnsis | 1450cm3 | 1.5 m tall, heavily built | omnivorous | Heavy jaw and small canines bury their dead bodies |
Homo sapiens fossilis | 1660cm3 | Completely erect,1.5m tall | omnivorous | Shorter skulls and reduced jaws lived in caves and made cave paintings. |
Homo sapiens sapiens | 1200cm3 to 1600cm3 | Completely erect, posture, around.8m tall | omnivorous | Possess the high intelligence, developed language, speech, and cultivation of crops observed. |
Answer:
Self-consciousness is an acute sense of self-awareness. Several animals are self-aware and are of great intelligence like dolphins. All great apes(orangutans, gorillas, and chimpanzees) and elephants are some examples that can evaluate their knowledge and work according to situations.
Answer:
Some modern animals and fossils to which they can be linked are as follows:
Name of the animal | Name of the fossils | |
1. | Human(Homo sapiens) | Ramapithecus |
2. | Giraffe | Palaeotragus |
3. | Tetrapods | Ichthyostega |
4. | Fish | Arandaspis |
5. | Dog | Leptocyon |
6. | Horse | Eohippus |
7. | Whale | Protocetus |
8. | Bat | Archaeonycteris |
9. | Elephant | Moerithers |
10. | Camel | Protylopus |
Question 7. Practise drawing various animals and plants.
Answer:
By practicing the various plants and animals, you can understand the main characteristic features of that species. Students can take the help of teachers and parents, to gain more suggestions about the labeled drawings.
Question 8. Describe one example of adaptive radiation.
Answer:
The process of evolution of different species in a given geographical area, starting from a point and radiating to other areas of geography, is called adaptive radiation.
Darwin’s finches represent one of the best examples of this phenomenon. From the original seed-eating features, many other forms with different beak structures and different food habits, such as herbivores and carnivores
Several marsupials, each different from the other evolved from an ancestral stock, but all within the Australian Island continent.
Question 9. Can we call human evolution adaptive radiation?
Answer:
The evolution of man is an example of directional evolution and not an example of adaptive radiation, as adaptive radiation is the process of diversification of species starting from one point at a particular time and then radiating to other areas of habitats. Darwin’s finches are the best example of adaptive radiation, as is the phenomenon of Australian marsupials. Diversification, which is the main characteristic of adaptive radiation, is not a part of human evolution.
Answer:
There are 5 evolutionary stages of horses, which are given below:
Period | Name of the evolutionary stage | Features of the animal |
Eocene | Eohippus | 4 digits in forelimbs, the size of a fox, lived on soft ground |
Oligocene | Mesohippus | 3 digits in toes, live in dry conditions |
Miocene | Merychippus | It was 100 cm tall with 3 toes on each foot, taller with a longer neck |
Pliocene | Pilohippus | It had a single functional toe and was about 108 cm tall. |
Pleistocene | Equus | They have one toe on each foot. Premolars replaced by molars, well adapted for running. |
NCERT Solutions for Class 12- Subject wise
| NCERT solutions for Class 12 Maths |
| NCERT solutions for Class 12 Chemistry |
| NCERT solutions for Class 12 Physics |
NEET Highest Scoring Chapters & Topics
Most Scoring concepts For NEET (Based On Previous Year Analysis)
Download EBookMost Important Questions of Class 12 Biology Chapter 6
Evolution covers some of the most fundamental concepts in understanding how life on Earth has changed over time. To help you grasp these key ideas, here are the most important questions that can guide your study and improve your understanding of evolution.
Question 1: Given below are some stages of human evolution.
Arrange them in the correct sequence. (Past to Recent)
A. Homo habilis
B. Homo sapiens
C. Homo neanderthalensis
D. Homo erectus
Choose the correct sequence of human evolution from the options given below:
1. D-A-C-B
2. B-A-D-C
3. C-B-D-A
4. A-D-C-B
Answer:
The right sequence of human evolution is Homo habilis, then Homo erectus, then Homo neanderthalensis, and finally Homo sapiens. Homo habilis was the first human who used tools, while Homo erectus demonstrated a more efficient gait and a larger brain.
Hence, the correct answer is Option 4), A-D-C-B
Also, check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here
- NCERT Books Class 12 Biology
- NCERT Syllabus Class 12 Biology
- NCERT Books Class 12
- NCERT Syllabus Class 12
JEE Main Important Mathematics Formulas
As per latest 2024 syllabus. Maths formulas, equations, & theorems of class 11 & 12th chapters
Approach to Solve Questions of Class 12 Chapter 6 Evolution
- Firstly, it's important to go through the NCERT textbook line by line as most of the questions come from that directly in the exam.
- Understand Lamarckism, Darwinism, natural selection, Genetic Drift, Hardy-Weinberg principle, etc, by writing down the important points of these theories.
- Try to grasp these theories by taking the help of examples like the giraffe (Lamarck), the peppered moth (natural selection), and Darwin’s finches (adaptive radiation).
- Make the flow charts to learn the sequence of the origin of humans and their features.
- Previous year papers, different exercises given in the exemplar, students are advised to solve them so that they get an understanding of how to approach questions in the exam.
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Solutions
What Extra Should Students Study Beyond the NCERT for NEET?
Going beyond the NCERT syllabus can provide you an extra help in NEET. It helps you cover areas that may not be included in the textbook but are still important for the exam.
The chapter helps you deeply understand how life began billions of years ago, and also the evidence of evolution that supports the theories of famous scientists. Completing all the solved exercises, students can improve their exam performance and gain clarity on complex topics like natural selection, adaptive radiation with examples, and the Hardy-Weinberg principle. The simple explanation by our experts allows students to learn about our ancestors and how they evolved.
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology- Chapter-wise
Given below are the chapter-wise links:
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What are the important topics of evolution ncert?
The important topics of evolution NCERT Class 12 are:
- Origin of Life
- Evolution of Life Forms – A Theory
- What are the Evidences for Evolution?
- What is Adaptive Radiation?
- Biological Evolution
- Mechanism of Evolution
- Hardy-Weinberg Principle
- A Brief Account of Evolution
- Origin and Evolution of Man
2. How does Darwin’s theory explain evolution in Class 12 Biology?
Darwin’s theory of natural selection is based on the following five fundamental principles:
Enormous fertility in living beings
Struggle for existence
Variations under nature
Natural selection or survival of the fittest
Origin of species
3. What is the difference between Darwinism and Lamarckism?
Lamarckism | Darwinism |
The growth of living organisms and their parts continuously | Enormous fertility in living beings |
New organs are formed as the result of need | Struggle for existence |
Use and disuse | Variations under nature |
Inheritance of acquired characters | Survival of the fittest |
Example- Feet of modern horse | Example- Giraffe’s neck |
4. What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle in Class 12 Biology Chapter 6?
The Hardy-Weinberg principle provides a simple mathematical model of how genetic equilibrium is maintained in a gene pool. Five factors are known to affect the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
5. What are the different types of natural selection?
There are three types of natural selection, which are given below:
Directional selection- It favors one extreme of a trait, due to which the population shifts to one side. Example- Giraffe neck
Stabilizing selection only favors the intermediate trait of one character; thus, it reduces the variation in a population. Example - Human birth weight.
Disruptive selection- This type of selection favors both the extremes of a trait and leads to the formation of two different groups. Example- Beaks of birds.
6. How do fossils provide evidence of evolution?
Fossils are relics of former living plants or animals that are embedded in the dugout of rock in past geological periods. They are mostly found in sedimentary rocks.
Fossil records provide a complete history of certain organisms that indicate that evolution has taken place for several years.
7. What is the role of genetic drift in evolution?
Genetic drift describes changes in gene frequency, and these changes are due to events that are unrelated to the inherited traits.
Genetic drift tends to reduce the amount of genetic variation within the population, mainly as a result of the loss of the alleles, and thus plays an important role in evolution.
8. What are the key differences between homologous and analogous organs?
Homologous organs | Analogous organs |
Organs that are different in function but of similar origin and development are known as homologous organs. | Analogous organs are those that perform the same function but are of different origin. |
Homologous organs are a result of divergent evolution. | Analogous organs are a result of convergent evolution. |
Example- the arm of a man, the leg of a horse, and the wing of a bird | Example: Tendrils of vine and pea |
9. How does speciation occur, according to Chapter 6 of NCERT Biology?
Speciation is the process by which new species are formed. Each species is a gene pool that is adjusted in the given environment.
10. What are the different types of evolution explained in NCERT Class 12?
Two types of evolution exist in the environment:
Convergent evolution- This evolution is the result of analogous organs, and the phenomenon is known as analogy.
Divergent evolution- Divergent evolution occurs due to the result of homologous organs, and the process is known as homology.
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4 min ⋆ May 09, 2025 02:05 AM ISTQuestions related to CBSE Class 12th
Have a question related to CBSE Class 12th ?
Changing from the CBSE board to the Odisha CHSE in Class 12 is generally difficult and often not ideal due to differences in syllabi and examination structures. Most boards, including Odisha CHSE , do not recommend switching in the final year of schooling. It is crucial to consult both CBSE and Odisha CHSE authorities for specific policies, but making such a change earlier is advisable to prevent academic complications.
Manasvini Gupta 30 January,2025
Hello there! Thanks for reaching out to us at Careers360.
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Unfortunately, CBSE doesn't officially release quarterly papers - they mainly put out sample papers and previous years' board exam papers. But don't worry, there are still some good options to help you practice!
Have you checked out the CBSE sample papers on their official website? Those are usually pretty close to the actual exam format. You could also look into previous years' board exam papers - they're great for getting a feel for the types of questions that might come up.
If you're after more practice material, some textbook publishers release their own mock papers which can be useful too.
Let me know if you need any other tips for your math prep. Good luck with your studies!
Jefferson 25 September,2024
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Possible steps:
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Focus on NEET 2025 Preparation:
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Remember: This is a temporary setback. With the right approach and perseverance, you can overcome this challenge and achieve your goals.
I hope this information helps you.
Kanishka kaushikii 17 September,2024
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hello mahima,
If you have uploaded screenshot of your 12th board result taken from CBSE official website,there won,t be a problem with that.If the screenshot that you have uploaded is clear and legible. It should display your name, roll number, marks obtained, and any other relevant details in a readable forma.ALSO, the screenshot clearly show it is from the official CBSE results portal.
hope this helps.
Ashvadha 12 July,2024
Popular CBSE Class 12th Questions
A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is
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Option 2)
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Option 4)
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An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range
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Option 2)
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Option 4)
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A particle is projected at 600 to the horizontal with a kinetic energy . The kinetic energy at the highest point
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Option 2)
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Option 4)
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In the reaction,
| Option 1)
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Option 2)
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How many moles of magnesium phosphate, will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?
| Option 1)
0.02 |
Option 2)
3.125 × 10-2 |
| Option 3)
1.25 × 10-2 |
Option 4)
2.5 × 10-2 |
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