NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 2 Biological Classification

Class 11 Biology Chapter 2 Biological Classification is extremely important for students who wish to have a strong foundation in biology. In this chapter, you will see how scientists classify living things. They consider what living things are like, what they are made of, and how they've evolved. It is similar to dividing animals into groups based on whether they have feathers or fur. Here, you'll learn about the interesting worlds of Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. The NCERT Solutions in Biology are designed to make you learn easily and understand ideas so that you are prepared for your exams.

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This Story also Contains

1. Download PDF of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 2 Biological Classification
2. NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Biology Chapter 2 (Solved Exercise)
3. Approach to Solve Questions of Class 11 Chapter 2
4. Key Topics in Chapter 2, Biology Class 11
5. Most Important Questions from Chapter 2
6. Biological Classification Class 11 Formulas and Important Points

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The answers make it easier to learn by breaking down tough ideas into simple parts. They include clear explanations and helpful diagrams, so students can feel ready for their exams. With these explanations, students can build a strong foundation in biology and do well in their studies.The NCERT Solutions for Class 11 are simpler to learn because they divide complex concepts into simpler pieces.

Download PDF of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 2 Biological Classification

Given below are the detailed PDF answers of the ChapterDownload PDF

Also Read,

• NCERT Notes for Class 11 Biology Chapter 2 Biological Classification
• NCERT Exemplar for Class 11 Biology Chapter 2 Biological Classification

NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Biology Chapter 2 (Solved Exercise)

The answers are explained in detail by experienced subject experts.

Q1. Discuss how classification systems have undergone several changes over a period of time.

Answer:

How we classify living things has shifted as we understand more. Aristotle initially classified plants according to appearances and animals according to blood, but that wasn't effective either. Linnaeus created a two-kingdom system but it wasn't effective either. Thus, scientists developed a 5 kingdom system which is implemented nowadays.

Q2. State two economically important uses of: (a) heterotrophic bacteria (b) archaebacteria

Answer:

(a) In what way are heterotrophic bacteria beneficial?

• They decompose dead matter, which is good for the soil.

• They provide plants with nitrogen.

• They are employed in producing curd (yogurt).

(b) In what way are archaebacteria useful?

• They produce gobar gas (biogas), which is employed as fuel.

• They assist in obtaining minerals from rocks.

• They produce an enzyme that is used in DNA technology.

Q3. What is the nature of cell walls in diatoms?

Answer:

Diatoms are single-celled algae with unique and intricate cell walls. The cell walls, known as frustules, are made of silica (silicon dioxide), the same material from which glass is made. A frustule is made up of two wrapped-around halves that look like a petri dish or soapbox that are very similar to one another. This creates a protective layer and support framework for diatoms. The silica in the cell walls is extremely hard and resistant to rot, so the frustules will survive long after the diatom has died. Millions of years later, the frustules accumulate on the ocean floor and form huge diatomaceous earth deposits. Diatomaceous earth is utilized for several purposes, including as a filtering medium, an abrasive in toothpaste, and an insecticide. Their optical properties are also studied in nanotechnology for the intricate patterns on diatom cell walls.

Q4. Find out what the terms algal bloom and red tides signify.

Answer:

1. Algal Bloom: A rapid growth of algae in a water body, giving color to the water. Algal blooms will reduce the concentration of oxygen in water, causing fish and other aquatic organisms to die.
2. Red Tide: When a type of dinoflagellate (Gonyaulax) explodes, giving a reddening of seawater. They emit poisons capable of killing fish.

Q5. How are viroids different from viruses?

Answer:

Viroids and viruses are both causative agents, but they have a wide variation in structure and complexity. Viruses are intricate particles with a nucleic acid genome (DNA or RNA) covered by a protein shell referred to as a capsid. Viruses may also contain an outer lipid-protein envelope. Viruses infect a variety of organisms, ranging from bacteria and plants to animals. Viroids, however, are far more basic in composition. They have only a minute, ring-shaped RNA molecule with no protein cover. Due to their basic structure, viroids are much smaller than viruses. Viroids are found to infect mostly plants and cause different diseases that can influence crop production and agricultural output. The absence of a protein coat in viroids increases their resistance to degradation and enables them to replicate directly in the host cell.

Q6. Describe briefly the four major groups of Protozoa.

Answer:

Protozoa are divided into four categories based on the method of movement:

• Amoeboid Protozoa – They occur in water and moist soil and move and consume food using pseudopodia (false feet). Example: Amoeba.

• Flagellated Protozoa – They have whip-like bodies called flagella to move. Some are parasites, and others exist freely. Example: Trypanosoma (sleeping sickness).

• Ciliated Protozoa – They are moving with extremely short hair-like bodies called cilia and have two nuclei. Example: Paramecium.

• Sporozoa – They do not have cilia and flagella. They reproduce through spores and are usually parasites. Example: Plasmodium (that causes malaria). Classification of Protozoa is a fundamental chapter of the Biological Classification.

Q7. Plants are autotrophic. Can you think of some plants that are partially heterotrophic?

Answer:

Most plants are autotrophic and nourish themselves by synthesizing food in the process of photosynthesis, but certain plants are partly heterotrophic. The Pitcher Plant (Nepenthes) is green and photosynthetic but survives in nitrogen-free soil. It obtains nitrogen by digesting insects trapped using its pitcher leaves. As it makes its food but also digests insects to obtain nutrients, it is partly heterotrophic. These enchanting plants contribute further information to Plantae in Biological Classification.

Q8. What do the terms phycobiont and mycobiont signify?

Answer:

"Phycobiont" and "mycobiont" are terms used to explain the two components of a lichen. Lichens are an association between fungi and algae.

Phycobiont is the algal partner, which produces food for the lichen by the process of photosynthesis.

Mycobiont is the fungal partner, which gives support, and protection, and absorbs water and minerals from the surroundings. These symbiotic associations are an interesting feature of Biological Classification.

Q9. Give a comparative account of the classes of Kingdom Fungi under the following:
(i) Mode of nutrition
(ii) Mode of reproduction

Answer:

A comparative account of the classes of Kingdom Fungi is as follows:

Q10. What are the characteristic features of Euglenoids?

Answer:

• Euglenoids are unicellular organisms that can behave as both plants and animals (mixotrophic).

• They lack a cell wall but possess a soft protein covering known as a pellicle, which provides them with shape and facilitates smooth movement.

• They possess chlorophyll and are capable of photosynthesis, but when in the dark, they behave like heterotrophs and obtain food from their environment.

• They swim through two flagella (whip-like appendages) at the front of their body.

• They possess a light-sensitive "eyespot" to detect sunlight for photosynthesis. All these features qualify them under Protista in Biological Classification.

Q11. Give a brief account of viruses with respect to their structure and nature of genetic material. Also, name four common viral diseases.

Answer:

Viruses are small particles that can only multiply within a living cell. They infect animals, plants, and even bacteria.

• Nucleic acid: The virus's genetic material, either DNA or RNA. It carries the instructions for producing more viruses.

• Capsid: A protein shell that encloses and covers the nucleic acid.

• Envelope: Certain viruses have an outer membrane known as an envelope, composed of lipids and proteins.

• Enzymes: Certain viruses have special enzymes with them that assist them in their reproduction within the host cell.

Common viral diseases:

• Common cold

• AIDS

• Swine flu

• Hepatitis

Understanding viruses is a significant aspect of the Biological Classification Class 11.

Q12. Organise a discussion in your class on the topic: Are viruses living or nonliving?

Answer:

Viruses are a mystery since they possess both the properties of living and non-living objects.

• They contain genetic material (DNA or RNA).

• They are capable of reproduction (but only within a host cell).

• They are capable of evolving and mutating over time.

• Why viruses may be thought to be non-living:

• They are not composed of cells.

• They cannot replicate on their own.

• They lack their metabolism (they are unable to generate their energy).

• They can be crystallized, such as non-living chemicals.

Due to these dual attributes, scientists are still in argument about whether or not viruses should be considered truly living organisms. This issue identifies the difficulty of Biological Classification.

Also, check the NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here:

• NCERT Books Class 11 Biology

• NCERT Syllabus Class 11 Biology

• NCERT Books Class 11

• NCERT Syllabus Class 11

Approach to Solve Questions of Class 11 Chapter 2

To answer Biological Classification questions, simply apply the following steps:

1. Learn the meaning of biological classification, which categorises organisms based on resemblance and dissimilarity.
2. Study the five-kingdom system: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
3. Research major characteristics such as cell structure, body organisation, nutrition, reproduction, and evolutionary links.
4. Practice examples of each kingdom, e.g., bacteria for Monera or fungi for the Kingdom Fungi.
5. Practice responding to questions regarding classification changes throughout time and the benefits of contemporary systems.
6. Emphasise definitions and characteristics of terms such as viruses, viroids, prions, and lichens.

Key Topics in Chapter 2, Biology Class 11

Some key topics of Biological Classification are:

• Types of classification systems

• Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms

• Viruses, Viroids, and Lichens

• Kingdom-wise features and examples

Why Do We Classify Living Things?

Placing living things into categories assists us in:

• Observing how they are alike and how they differ.

• Learning how they are connected over time (evolution).

• Discovering what they do, how they live, and how they function in the world.

Creating a system to learn about all the types of life on Earth. Biological Classification class 11 solutions provide a system for learning about biodiversity.

The Five Kingdoms

This chapter teaches us to classify living organisms so that they can be studied more easily. Scientists have devised various methods of classifying living organisms. One of the most widely used is the five-kingdom system by R.H. Whittaker.

The following are the five kingdoms we study in Chapter 2:

Monera:

• Contains bacteria and archaebacteria.

• These are uncomplicated cells without a nucleus (prokaryotic).

• They do not have internal special parts within them as other cells do. Monera is necessary to know for Biological Classification.

Protista:

• Contains cells with a nucleus (eukaryotic).

• Contains protozoa, diatoms, and algae.

• They can produce food or consume other substances. Understanding Protista demonstrates how varied life can be.

Fungi:

• Primarily consists of many cells (multicellular), but yeast contains one cell.

• They consume dead material.

• Their cell walls consist of a unique substance called chitin.

Plantae:

• Has lots of cells, and they produce their food (autotrophic).

• They are plants that produce food using sunlight (photosynthetic).

• Their cell walls consist of cellulose.

Animalia:

• Has lots of cells, and they consume others (heterotrophic).

• They lack cell walls.

• They possess complex bodies with numerous components. Both Plantae and Animalia are complex kingdoms.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11: Subject-wise

What Extra Should Students Study Beyond the NCERT for NEET?

Here is a table for all the important topics from the chapter:

Most Important Questions from Chapter 2

Some questions from Biological Classification are given below:

1. Which one of the following is NOT a feature of the Kingdom Monera?

a. Prokaryotic cell organization

b. Membrane-bound organelles

c. Unicellular organisms

d. Both autotrophic and heterotrophic types of nutrition

Answer: b. Membrane-bound organelles

Explanation: Cells of Kingdom Monera are prokaryotic and do not contain membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria or the nucleus. They may be autotrophic (cyanobacteria) or heterotrophic (bacteria).

2. Which kingdom contains unicellular eukaryotes?

a. Monera

b. Protista

c. Fungi

d. Plantae

Answer: b. Protista

Explanation: Kingdom Protista consists of one-celled eukaryotic cells like amoeba, paramecium, and euglena that include a well-differentiated nucleus and some other membranous organelles.

3. Which of the following statements is true regarding viruses?

a. Viruses are cellular organisms.

b. They can reproduce without a host cell.

c. They possess DNA and RNA at the same time.

d. They are obligate intracellular parasites.

Answer: d. They are obligate intracellular parasites.

Explanation: Viruses are non-cellular organisms that need a host cell for their growth and cannot develop on their own outside the host.

4. Which one of the following is a partially heterotrophic plant?

a. Mango

b. Nepenthes

c. Bryophytes

d. Pinus

Answer: b. Nepenthes

Explanation: Nepenthes (pitcher plant) is heterotrophic to some extent because it traps insects to obtain nitrogen but is autotrophic for energy requirements by the process of photosynthesis.

5. What is the contribution of the mycobiont towards lichens?

a. Photosynthesis

b. Nutrient and water absorption

c. Nitrogen fixation

d. Reproduction

Answer: b. Nutrient and water absorption

Explanation: Water and nutrients are absorbed by the mycobiont (fungal partner) in lichens, whereas the phycobiont (algal partner) fixes food through photosynthesis.

Biological Classification Class 11 Formulas and Important Points

Some Important concepts related to Biological Classification Class 11 are:

Chapter Wise NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology

Below mentioned are the Chapterwise solutions: