NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 15 Plant Growth and Development
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Download PDFNCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 15 plant growth and development: Have you ever thought that from where and how the structures like leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits, stems, and roots arise and that too in an orderly sequence? So in this chapter, you are going to get questions related to the growth and development of the plant and for solutions of these questions, go through the CBSE NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 15 plant growth and development. You must be aware of the terms like seedling, plantlet, mature plant and have also seen that trees continue to increase in height or girth over a period of time. NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 15 plant growth and development will provide you the detailed answers of every questions such as; Why does the vegetative phase precede flowering in a plant? All plant organs are made up of a variety of tissues; is there any relationship between the structure of a cell, a tissue, an organ and the function they perform? And, If you are looking for an answer from any other chapter even from any other class then go with NCERT Solutions, there you will get all the answers.
Biology class 11: In plant growth and development NCERT, You will study that growth is one of the most conspicuous events in any living organism. You will learn that growth is an irreversible increase expressed in parameters such as area, length, height, size, volume, cell number, etc. In plants, meristems are the sites of growth. After going through the plant growth and development NCERT pdf, you must be able to understand all the answers to the questions given in this plant growth and development class 11 NCERT pdf:
Also, Read
- NCERT Notes for class 11 biology chapter 15 plant growth and development
- NCERT Exemplar for class 11 biology chapter 15 plant growth and development
NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 15 plant growth and development: Solved Exercise Questions-
(a) Respiration and Combustion
Answer:
Respiration | Combustion |
It takes place inside the living cells | It is a non-cellular process |
It is a biochemical process | It is a physiochemical process |
Energy is released in steps as chemical bonds are broken in steps | Energy is released in a single step as all chemical reactions take place simultaneously |
Most of the energy is in the form of ATP | ATP formation does not occur |
It requires enzymes | It is non-enzymatic process |
(b) Glycolysis and Krebs' cycle
Answer:
Glycolysis | Krebs cycle |
Glycolysis takes place inside the cytoplasm | It occurs inside mitochondria |
It is a straight or linear pathway | It is a cyclic process |
This process is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration | This process occurs only in aerobic respiration |
It breaks down one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate | It breaks down pyruvate completely into carbon dioxide and water |
It consumes two ATP molecules | It does not consume ATP |
(c) Aerobic respiration and Fermentation
Answer:
Aerobic respiration | Fermentation |
It is an intracellular process | Fermentation can occur both intracellularly and extracellularly |
It is not economically exploited | It is economically exploited in the production of wine, bread etc. |
It is a type of respiration that utilises oxygen to breakdown a respiratory substrate. | It is an enzyme controlled breakdown and transformation of organic nutrients |
NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 15 plant growth and development:
Q2. What are respiratory substrates? Name the most common respiratory substrate.
Answer:
Respiratory substrates are those organic substances which are oxidised during respiration to liberate energy inside the living cells. The common respiratory substrates are carbohydrates, proteins, fats and organic acids.
Q3. Give the schematic representation of glycolysis?
Answer:
Schematic representation of glycolysis is as follows:
Q4. What are the main steps in aerobic respiration? Where does it take place?
Answer:
The main steps of aerobic respiration are as follows:
1. Glycolysis- Cytoplasm
2. Krebs cycle- Matrix of mitochondria
3. Electron transport system- Inner mitochondrial membrane
4. Oxidative phosphorylation- Oxysome in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Q5. Give the schematic representation of an overall view of Krebs' cycle.
Answer:
Schematic representation of the Krebs cycle
Solutions for NCERT class 11 biology chapter 15 plant growth and development:
Q7. Distinguish between the following:
(a) Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration
Answer:
Aerobic respiration | Anaerobic respiration |
It involves the exchange of gases | Exchange of gases is absent |
It uses oxygen for breaking the respiratory material into simple substances | It does not use oxygen for the breakdown of respiratory substrates. |
Respiratory material is completely broken | Respiratory material is partially broken |
It involves electron transport | Electron transport is absent |
Q7. Distinguish between the following:
(b) Glycolysis and Fermentation
Answer:
Glycolysis | Fermentation |
It is the first step of respiration which occurs without the requirement of oxygen and is common to both aerobic and anaerobic modes of respiration | It is anaerobic respiration or respiration which does not require oxygen |
Glycolysis produces pyruvic acid | Fermentation produces different products such as ethanol and lactic acid. |
IT produces two molecules of NADH per glucose molecule | It uses NADH produced during glycolysis. |
Q7. Distinguish between the following:
(c) Glycolysis and Citric acid Cycle
Answer:
Glycolysis | Citric acid cycle |
It takes place inside the cytoplasm | It takes place in mitochondria |
It is the first step of respiration in which glucose is broken down to the level of pyruvate. | It is the second step of respiration wherein an active acetyl group is broken down completely |
Q8. What are the assumptions made during the calculation of net gain of ATP?
Answer:
The assumptions made during the calculation of net gain of ATP are as follows:
1. It is assumed that various parts of aerobic respiration such as glycolysis, TCA cycle, and ETS occur in a sequential and orderly pathway.
2. NADH produced during the process of glycolysis enters into mitochondria to undergo oxidative phosphorylation.
3. The glucose molecule is assumed to be the only substrate while it is assumed that no other molecule enters the pathway at intermediate stages.
4. The intermediates produced during respiration are not utilized in any other process.
Q9. Discuss "The respiratory pathway is an amphibolic pathway"
Answer:
The respiratory pathway is an amphibolic pathway
An amphibolic pathway refers to a pathway in which both catabolic and anabolic reactions take place. The products of some reactions are used to synthesise other products. Carbohydrates are broken down to glucose before entering respiratory pathways. Fats get converted into fatty acids and glycerol whereas fatty acids get converted into acetyl CoA before entering the respiration. In a similar manner, proteins are converted into amino acids, which enter respiration after deamination. During the synthesis of fatty acids, acetyl CoA is withdrawn from the respiratory pathway. Also, in the synthesis of proteins, respiratory substrates get withdrawn. Thus, respiration involves both anabolism and catabolism in anabolism. Therefore, respiration can be termed as an amphibolic pathway as it involves both anabolism and catabolism.
Q10. Define RQ. What is its value for fats?
Answer:
The respiratory quotient is defined as the ratio of the volume of evolved to the volume of
consumed during respiration. The value of respiratory quotient depends on the type of respiratory substrate. The value of RQ for various respiratory substrates is as follows:
Carbohydrates- 1
Fat - 0.7
Organic acids- more than 1
Proteins - less than 1
CBSE NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 15 plant growth and development
Q11. What is oxidative phosphorylation?
Answer:
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation is the synthesis of energy-rich ATP molecules with the help of energy liberated during oxidation of reduced coenzymes ( NADH and FADH2 ) produced in respiration. TH enzyme required for the synthesis is called ATP synthase. It is the fifth complex of ETS. During this process, a number of oxidation-reduction reactions occur and lead to the generation of a proton gradient. The enzyme ATP synthase (complex V) consists of and
components. The Fl headpiece is a peripheral membrane protein complex and contains the site for ATP synthesis from ADP and inorganic phosphate whereas
component is a part of the membrane protein complex, which acts as a channel for the crossing of the protons from the inner mitochondrial membrane to the mitochondrial matrix. For every two protons passing through
complex, synthesis of one ATP molecule takes place.
Q12. What is the significance of step-wise release of energy in respiration?
Answer:
The process of respiration takes place in a stepwise manner including steps like glycolysis, TCA cycle, ETS, and oxidative phosphorylation. During respiration, the production of ATP also in each phase takes place in a stepwise manner. The products formed in one step of respiration become the substrate of the other pathway. Various molecules produced during respiration are involved in other biochemical processes also. Different respiratory substrates enter and withdraw from the pathway on necessity. The ATP also gets utilized wherever required and the rate of reactions of enzymes is also controlled. Therefore, the stepwise release of energy makes the system more efficient in extracting as well as storing energy.
If you have any queries in understanding plant growth and development NCERT pdf which are mentioned in this plant growth and development class 11 NCERT pdf then again go through the plant growth and development NCERT, then try to solve them by yourself and compare them with plant growth and development class 11 NCERT solutions. As plant growth and development NCERT solutions will help you not only for your school exam as it will also help you in the preparation for other competitive exams like NEET.
Important topics of the solutions for NCERT class 11 biology chapter 15 plant growth and development:
15.1 Growth
15.1.1 Plant Growth Generally is Indeterminate
15.1.2 Growth is Measurable
15.1.3 Phases of Growth
15.1.4 Growth Rates
15.1.5 Conditions for Growth
15.2 Differentiation, Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation
15.3 Development
15.4 Plant Growth Regulators
15.4.1 Characteristics
15.4.2 The Discovery of Plant Growth Regulators
15.4.3 Physiological Effects of Plant Growth Regulators
15.4.3.1 Auxins
15.4.3.2 Gibberellins
15.4.3.3 Cytokinins
15.4.3.4 Ethylene
15.4.3.5 Abscisic acid
15.5 Photoperiodism
15.6 Vernalisation
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology- Chapter Wise
| Chapter 1 | The Living World |
| Chapter 2 | Biological Classification |
| Chapter 3 | Plant Kingdom |
| Chapter 4 | Animal Kingdom |
| Chapter 5 | Morphology of Flowering Plants |
| Chapter 6 | Anatomy of Flowering Plants |
| Chapter 7 | Structural Organisation in Animals |
| Chapter 8 | Cell: The Unit of Life |
| Chapter 9 | Biomolecules |
| Chapter 10 | Cell Cycle and Cell Division |
| Chapter 11 | Transport in Plants |
| Chapter 12 | Mineral Nutrition |
| Chapter 13 | Photosynthesis in Higher Plants |
| Chapter 14 | Respiration in Plants |
| Chapter 15 | Plant Growth and Development |
| Chapter 16 | Digestion and Absorption |
| Chapter 17 | Breathing and Exchange of Gases |
| Chapter 18 | Body Fluids and Circulation |
| Chapter 19 | NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 19 Excretory Products and their Elimination |
| Chapter 20 | NCERT Solutions for class 11 biology chapter 20 Locomotion and Movement |
| Chapter 21 | NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination |
| Chapter 22 | NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 22 Chemical Coordination and Integration |
NCERT Solutions for Class 11- Subject wise
Also Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here :
- NCERT Books Class 11 Biology
- NCERT Syllabus Class 11 Biology
- NCERT Books Class 11
- NCERT Syllabus Class 11
Frequently Asked Question (FAQs) - NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 15 Plant Growth and Development
Question: What are the benefits of plant growth and development ncert pdf:
Answer:
- You will get all the answers to plant growth and development ncert and plant growth and development class 11 ncert pdf will help you to score good marks in the exam.
- NCERT is the base of your learning.
- NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 15 plant growth and development will also help you with competitive exams like NEET.
- NCERT plant growth and development will also boost your knowledge.
- Plant growth and development ncert solutions will also help you in your school exam.
- To score well in the examination, follow the NCERT syllabus and solve the exercise given in the NCERT Book. To practice more problems, students must refer to NCERT Exemplar.
Question: What are the important topics of ncert plant growth and development?
Answer:
Growth
- Plant Growth Generally is Indeterminate
- Growth is Measurable
- Phases of Growth
- Growth Rates
- Conditions for Growth
- Differentiation, Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation
- Development
- Plant Growth Regulators
- Characteristics
- The Discovery of Plant Growth Regulators
- Physiological Effects of Plant Growth Regulators
- Photoperiodism
- Vernalisation
Question: What are the difference between glycolysis and citric acid cycle given in plant growth and development ncert?
Answer:
| Glycolysis | Citric acid cycle |
| It takes place inside the cytoplasm | It takes place in mitochondria |
| It is the first step of respiration in which glucose is broken down to the level of pyruvate. | It is the second step of respiration wherein an active acetyl group is broken down completely |
Question: What are the difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration?
Answer:
These re the difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration:
| Aerobic respiration | Anaerobic respiration |
| It involves the exchange of gases | Exchange of gases is absent |
| It uses oxygen for breaking the respiratory material into simple substances | It does not use oxygen for the breakdown of respiratory substrates. |
| Respiratory material is completely broken | Respiratory material is partially broken |
| It involves electron transport | Electron transport is absent |
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