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A solid understanding of fundamental concepts is essential for effective preparation in board exams, state exams, and competitive exams such as JEE and NEET. Comprehensive Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance class 12 notes are essential for efficiently revising chapters.
With this in mind, Careers360's dedicated team has created CBSE class 12 physics ch 2 notes. These notes are an invaluable resource for students who want to speed up their revision for class tests and exams.
These meticulously crafted physics class 12 chapter 2 notes pdf not only cover the fundamental concepts but also present critical formulas and practical insights in a clear manner. For a confident and successful exam journey, boost your preparation with Careers360's Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance notes class 12.
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The electrostatic potential in a region of the electric field is equal to the amount of work done in bringing a unit-positive test charge from infinity to that point against the electrostatic force.
Where,
w - work done and q0 - unit charge
stat volt.
Potential due to system of point charges:
Potential difference:
The potential difference between two points A and B in an electric field is equal to the amount of work done (by an external agent) in moving a unit positive charge from point A to another point B.
Where,
W is the amount of work done and q is the unit positive charge.
Electric potential due to a point charge:
Consider a system with two charges, q1 and q2 fixed at points A and B, respectively, and separated by AB =r2. If q2 is moved from B to a new point C along AB and AC =r2, and the charge is displaced from r to r + dr, then the work done (dW) is as follows:
dw=F.dr
If we know the electric potential in a region we can find the electric field
where,
θ is the angle between E and dr
i) at axial point
if r>>l
ii) at equatorial point:
iii) General point
Work done in rotation of dipole and equilibrium of dipole:
This work done is stored as potential energy.
Condition for the stable equilibrium of a dipole:
Angle (θ): The system is stable when the angle between the dipole moment (p) and the electric field (E) is 0° (aligned).
Torque: In this position, the net torque acting on the dipole is zero. Any slight deviation from this position causes a restoring torque, bringing the dipole back into alignment with the field.
Potential Energy: When the dipole is aligned with the electric field, its potential energy is at its lowest.
Condition for the unstable equilibrium of a dipole:
Angle (θ): The system is in unstable equilibrium when the angle between p and E is 180° (anti-aligned).
Torque: In this position, the net torque acting on the dipole is zero. Any small displacement from this position, however, produces a torque that increases the angle between p and E, pushing the dipole out of alignment.
Potential Energy: The dipole's potential energy is greatest when it is anti-aligned with the electric field.
Electrostatics of Conductors
Non-Polar Molecules:
The centres of negative and positive charges coincide in a non-polar molecule. The non-polar molecule lacks a permanent dipole moment.
Example: O2, H2
Polar Molecule:
Polar molecules have negative and positive charge centres that are separated and have a permanent dipole moment.
Example: H2O, HCl
NOTE :
Both polar and non-polar dielectrics acquire a net dipole moment in the presence of an external electric field.
Polarization:
It is the dipole moment per unit volume
A capacitor is a system of two conductors, which are separated by an insulator. A capacitor is used to store a large amount of charge.
The charge stored in a capacitor:
where, C is capacitance and V is voltage
Capacitance (C):
The capacitance of a capacitor
Dielectric Strength:
Dielectric strength is the maximum amount of electric field that a dielectric medium can withstand.
Two conducting plates of area A separated by a distance d. If the dielectric medium between the capacitor plate is vacuum or air, then
Combination of capacitors:
The energy U stored in a capacitor of capacitance C, charge Q and voltage V is
The electric energy density
In a region with an electric field, the electric energy density,
A Van de Graaff Generator:
Van de Graaff generator is used for accelerating charged particles. It consists of a large spherical conducting shell. The charge is continuously transferred to the shell with the help of a moving belt and brushes. The potential of million volts rebuilt up and can be used for accelerating the charged particles.
.
Significance of NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 2 Notes
Electrostatic potential and capacitance Class 12 notes will be helpful to revise the chapter and to get an idea about the main topics covered in the chapter. Also, this NCERT class 12 physics chapter 2 notes are useful to cover the main topics of the class 12 CBSE physics syllabus and also for competitive exams like VITEEE, BITSAT, JEE Main, NEET etc. Class 12 physics chapter 2 notes pdf download can be used to prepare in offline mode.
NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 2 Notes |
No derivations are covered in the NCERT notes for Class 12 Physics chapter 2. This NCERT note is a brief of the main topics and equations covered in the chapter and can be used for revising the electrostatic potential and capacitance.
The main derivations covered in the NCERT Book are potential due to dipoles, potential due to a point charge, the potential energy of dipole in an external field, etc.
Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance" is an important chapter for CBSE Class 12 Physics board exams, providing a conceptual foundation as well as practical applications in everyday life, with exam questions frequently appearing. Students should thoroughly understand the concepts in order to score well.
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