NCERT Solutions for Miscellaneous Exercise Chapter 6 Class 12 - Application of Derivatives

Question:1(a) Using differentials, find the approximate value of each of the following:

$( 17/81) ^{1/4 }$

Answer:

Let $y = x^\frac{1}{4}$ and $x = \frac{16}{81} \ and \ \Delta x = \frac{1}{81}$
$\Delta y = (x+\Delta x)^\frac{1}{4}-x^\frac{1}{4}$
$= (\frac{16}{81}+\frac{1}{81})^\frac{1}{4}-(\frac{16}{81})^\frac{1}{4}$
$(\frac{17}{81})^\frac{1}{4} = \Delta y + \frac{2}{3}$
Now, we know that $\Delta y$ is approximate equals to dy
So,
$dy = \frac{dy}{dx}.\Delta x \\ = \frac{1}{4x^\frac{3}{4}}.\frac{1}{81} \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\because y = x^\frac{1}{4} \ and \ \Delta x = \frac{1}{81})\\ = \frac{1}{4(\frac{16}{81})^\frac{3}{4}}.\frac{1}{81} = \frac{27}{4\times 8}.\frac{1}{81} = \frac{1}{96}$
Now,
$(\frac{17}{81})^\frac{1}{4} = \Delta y + \frac{2}{3} = \frac{1}{96}+\frac{2}{3} = \frac{65}{96} = 0.677$
Hence, $(\frac{17}{81})^\frac{1}{4}$ is approximately equal to 0.677

Question:1 Using differentials, find the approximate value of each of the following:
$( 33) ^{-1/5 }$

Answer:

Let $y = x^\frac{-1}{5}$ and $x = 32 \ and \ \Delta x = 1$
$\Delta y = (x+\Delta x)^\frac{-1}{5}-x^\frac{-1}{5}$
$= (32+1)^\frac{-1}{5}-(32)^\frac{-1}{5}$
$(33)^\frac{-1}{4} = \Delta y + \frac{1}{2}$
Now, we know that $\Delta y$ is approximately equals to dy
So,
$dy = \frac{dy}{dx}.\Delta x \\ = \frac{-1}{5x^\frac{6}{5}}.1 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\because y = x^\frac{-1}{5} \ and \ \Delta x = 1)\\ = \frac{-1}{5(32)^\frac{6}{5}}.1 = \frac{-1}{5\times 64}.1= \frac{-1}{320}$
Now,
$(33)^\frac{-1}{5} = \Delta y + \frac{1}{2} = \frac{-1}{320}+\frac{1}{2} = \frac{159}{320} = 0.497$
Hence, $(33)^\frac{-1}{5}$ is approximately equals to 0.497

Question:2. Show that the function given by $f ( x ) = \frac{\log x}{x}$ has maximum at x = e.

Answer:

Given function is
$f ( x ) = \frac{\log x}{x}$
$f^{'}(x) = \frac{1}{x}.\frac{1}{x} + log x\frac{-1}{x^2} = \frac{1}{x^2}(1-\log x)$
$f^{'}(x) =0 \\ \frac{1}{x^2}(1-\log x) = 0\\ \frac{1}{x^2} \neq 0 \ So \ log x = 1\Rightarrow x = e$
Hence, x =e is the critical point
Now,
$f^{''}(x) = \frac{-2x}{x^3}(1-\log x)+\frac{1}{x^2}(-\frac{1}{x}) = \frac{1}{x^3}(-2x+2xlog x-1)\\ f^{''(e)} = \frac{-1}{e^3} < 0$
Hence, x = e is the point of maxima

Question:3(i) Find the intervals in which the function f given by $f (x) = \frac{4 \sin x - 2x - x \cos x }{2 + \cos x }$ is

increasing

Answer:

Given function is
$f (x) = \frac{4 \sin x - 2x - x \cos x }{2 + \cos x }$
$f^{'}(x) = \frac{(4\cos x - 2-\cos x+x\sin x)(2+\cos x)-(4\sin x - 2x - x\cos x )(-\sin x)}{(2+\cos x)^2}$
$=\frac{4\cos x - \cos^2x}{2+\cos x}$
$f^{'}(x)=0\\ \frac{4\cos x - \cos^2x}{2+\cos x} =0\\ \cos x(4-\cos x) = 0\\ \cos x = 0 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ and \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \cos x =4$
But $\cos x \neq 4$
So,
$\cos x = 0 \\ x = \frac{\pi}{2} \ and \ \frac{3\pi}{2}$
Now three ranges are there $\left ( 0,\frac{\pi}{2} \right ),\left ( \frac{\pi}{2},\frac{3\pi}{2} \right ) \ and \ \left ( \frac{3\pi}{2},2\pi \right )$
In interval $\left ( 0,\frac{\pi}{2} \right ) \ and \ \left ( \frac{3\pi}{2},2\pi \right )$ , $f^{'}(x) > 0$

Hence, the given function $f (x) = \frac{4 \sin x - 2x - x \cos x }{2 + \cos x }$ is increasing in the interval $\left ( 0,\frac{\pi}{2} \right ) \ and \ \left ( \frac{3\pi}{2},2\pi \right )$
in interval $,\left ( \frac{\pi}{2},\frac{3\pi}{2} \right ), f^{'}(x) < 0$ so function is decreasing in this inter

Question:3 (ii) Find the intervals in which the function f given by f x is equal to

$f (x) = \frac{4 \sin x - 2x - x \cos x }{2 + \cos x }$ is

decreasing

Answer:

Given function is
$f (x) = \frac{4 \sin x - 2x - x \cos x }{2 + \cos x }$
$f^{'}(x) = \frac{(4\cos x - 2-\cos x+x\sin x)(2+\cos x)-(4\sin x - 2x - x\cos x )(-\sin x)}{(2+\cos x)^2}$
$=\frac{4\cos x - \cos^2x}{2+\cos x}$
$f^{'}(x)=0\\ \frac{4\cos x - \cos^2x}{2+\cos x} =0\\ \cos x(4-\cos x) = 0\\ \cos x = 0 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ and \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \cos x =4$
But $\cos x \neq 4$
So,
$\cos x = 0 \\ x = \frac{\pi}{2} \ and \ \frac{3\pi}{2}$
Now three ranges are there $\left ( 0,\frac{\pi}{2} \right ),\left ( \frac{\pi}{2},\frac{3\pi}{2} \right ) \ and \ \left ( \frac{3\pi}{2},2\pi \right )$
In interval $\left ( 0,\frac{\pi}{2} \right ) \ and \ \left ( \frac{3\pi}{2},2\pi \right )$ , $f^{'}(x) > 0$

Hence, given function $f (x) = \frac{4 \sin x - 2x - x \cos x }{2 + \cos x }$ is increasing in interval $\left ( 0,\frac{\pi}{2} \right ) \ and \ \left ( \frac{3\pi}{2},2\pi \right )$
in interval $,\left ( \frac{\pi}{2},\frac{3\pi}{2} \right ), f^{'}(x) < 0$
Hence, given function $f (x) = \frac{4 \sin x - 2x - x \cos x }{2 + \cos x }$ is decreasing in interval $,\left ( \frac{\pi}{2},\frac{3\pi}{2} \right )$

Question:4(i) Find the intervals in which the function f given by $f (x) = x ^3 + \frac{1}{x^3}, x \neq 0$

Increasing

Answer:

Given function is
$f (x) = x ^3 + \frac{1}{x^3}$
$f^{'} (x) = 3x ^2 + \frac{-3x^2}{x^4}\\ f^{'}(x) = 0\\ 3x ^2 + \frac{-3x^2}{x^4} = 0\\ x^4 = 1\\ x = \pm1$
Hence, three intervals are their $(-\infty,-1),(-1,1) \ and (1,\infty)$
In interval $(-\infty,-1) \ and \ (1,\infty) , f^{'})x > 0$
Hence, given function $f (x) = x ^3 + \frac{1}{x^3}$ is increasing in interval $(-\infty,-1) \ and \ (1,\infty)$
In interval (-1,1) , $f^{'}(x)< 0$
Hence, given function $f (x) = x ^3 + \frac{1}{x^3}$ is decreasing in interval (-1,1)

Question:4(ii) Find the intervals in which the function f given by $f ( x) = x ^3 + \frac{1}{x^3} , x \neq 0$

decreasing

Answer:

Given function is
$f (x) = x ^3 + \frac{1}{x^3}$
$f^{'} (x) = 3x ^2 + \frac{-3x^2}{x^4}\\ f^{'}(x) = 0\\ 3x ^2 + \frac{-3x^2}{x^4} = 0\\ x^4 = 1\\ x = \pm1$
Hence, three intervals are their $(-\infty,-1),(-1,1) \ and (1,\infty)$
In interval $(-\infty,-1) \ and \ (1,\infty) , f^{'})x > 0$
Hence, given function $f (x) = x ^3 + \frac{1}{x^3}$ is increasing in interval $(-\infty,-1) \ and \ (1,\infty)$
In interval (-1,1) , $f^{'}(x)< 0$
Hence, given function $f (x) = x ^3 + \frac{1}{x^3}$ is decreasing in interval (-1,1)

Question:5 Find the maximum area of an isosceles triangle inscribed in the ellipse $\frac{x ^2 }{a^2}+ \frac{y^2}{b^2 } = 1$ with its vertex at one end of the major axis.

Answer:

Given the equation of the ellipse
$\frac{x ^2 }{a^2}+ \frac{y^2}{b^2 } = 1$
Now, we know that ellipse is symmetrical about x and y-axis. Therefore, let's assume coordinates of A = (-n,m) then,
Now,
Put(-n,m) in equation of ellipse
we will get
$m = \pm \frac{b}{a}.\sqrt{a^2-n^2}$
Therefore, Now
Coordinates of A = $\left ( -n,\frac{b}{a}.\sqrt{a^2-n^2} \right )$
Coordinates of B = $\left ( -n,-\frac{b}{a}.\sqrt{a^2-n^2} \right )$
Now,
Length AB(base) = $2\frac{b}{a}.\sqrt{a^2-n^2}$
And height of triangle ABC = (a+n)
Now,
Area of triangle = $\frac{1}{2}bh$
$A = \frac{1}{2}.\frac{2b}{a}.\sqrt{a^2-n^2}.(a+n)= ab\sqrt{a^2-n^2}+bn\sqrt{a^2-n^2}$
Now,
$\frac{dA}{dn} = \frac{-abn}{\sqrt{a^2-n^2}}+n\sqrt{a^2-n^2}-\frac{bn^2}{\sqrt{a^2-n^2}}$
Now,
$\frac{dA}{dn} =0\\ \frac{-abn}{\sqrt{a^2-n^2}}+n\sqrt{a^2-n^2}-\frac{bn^2}{\sqrt{a^2-n^2}} =0\\ -abn + n(a^2-n^2)-bn^2 = 0\\ \Rightarrow n = -a,\frac{a}{2}$
but n cannot be zero
therefore, $n = \frac{a}{2}$
Now, at $n = \frac{a}{2}$
$\frac{d^2A}{dn^2}< 0$
Therefore, $n = \frac{a}{2}$ is the point of maxima
Now,
$b = 2\frac{b}{a}.\sqrt{a^2- (\frac{a}{2})^2}= \sqrt3b$
$h = (a+ n ) = a+ \frac{ a}{2} = \frac{ 3a}{2}$
Now,
Therefore, Area (A) $= \frac{1}{2}bh = \frac{1}{2}\sqrt3 b \frac{3a}{2} = \frac{3\sqrt3ab}{4}$

Question:6 A tank with rectangular base and rectangular sides, open at the top is to be constructed so that its depth is 2 m and volume is 8 m3. If building of tank costs Rs 70 per sq metres for the base and Rs 45 per square metre for sides. What is the cost of least expensive tank?

Answer:

Let l , b and h are length , breath and height of tank
Then, volume of tank = l X b X h = 8 $m^3$
h = 2m (given)
lb = 4 = $l = \frac{4}{b}$
Now,
area of base of tank = l X b = 4
area of 4 side walls of tank = hl + hl + hb + hb = 2h(l + b)
Total area of tank (A) = 4 + 2h(l + b)
$A(b) = 4 + 2h(\frac{4}{b}+b)$
$A^{'}(b) = 2h(\frac{-4}{b^2}+1)\\ A^{'}(b)=0\\ 2h(\frac{-4}{b^2}+1) = 0\\ b^2= 4\\ b = 2$
Now,
$A^{''}(b) = 2h(\frac{-4\times-2b}{b^3})\\ A^{''}(2) = 8 > 0$
Hence, b = 2 is the point of minima
$l = \frac{4}{b} = \frac{4}{2} = 2$
So, l = 2 , b = 2 and h = 2 m
Area of base = l X B = 2 X 2 = $4 \ m^2$
building of tank costs Rs 70 per sq metres for the base
Therefore, for $4 \ m^2$ Rs = 4 X 70 = 280 Rs
Area of 4 side walls = 2h(l + b)
= 2 X 2(2 + 2) = $16 \ m^2$
building of tank costs Rs 45 per square metre for sides
Therefore, for $16 \ m^2$ Rs = 16 X 45 = 720 Rs
Therefore, total cost for making the tank is = 720 + 280 = 1000 Rs

Question:7 The sum of the perimeter of a circle and square is k, where k is some constant. Prove that the sum of their areas is least when the side of square is double the radius of the circle.

Answer:

It is given that
the sum of the perimeter of a circle and square is k = $2\pi r + 4a = k\Rightarrow a = \frac{k - 2\pi r}{4}$
Let the sum of the area of a circle and square(A) = $\pi r^2 + a^2$
$A = \pi r^2 + (\frac{k-2\pi r}{4})^2$
$A^{'}(r) = 2\pi r + 2(\frac{k-2\pi r}{16})(- 2\pi)\\ A^{'}(r) = 0\\ 2\pi (\frac{8r-k-2\pi r}{8}) = 0\\ r = \frac{k}{8-2\pi}$
Now,
$A^{''}(r) = 2\pi (\frac{8-2\pi }{8}) = 0\\ A^{''}(\frac{k}{8-2\pi}) > 0$
Hence, $r= \frac{k}{8-2\pi}$ is the point of minima
$a = \frac{k-2\pi r}{4} = \frac{k-2\pi \frac{k}{8-2\pi}}{4}=2 \frac{k}{8-2\pi} = 2r$
Hence proved that the sum of their areas is least when the side of the square is double the radius of the circle

Question:8 A window is in the form of a rectangle surmounted by a semicircular opening. The total perimeter of the window is 10 m. Find the dimensions of the window to admit maximum light through the whole opening.

Answer:

Let l and bare the length and breadth of rectangle respectively and r will be the radius of circle $(r = \frac{l}{2})$
The total perimeter of window = perimeter of rectangle + perimeter of the semicircle

= $l+2b + \pi \frac{l}{2}$

$l+2b + \pi \frac{l}{2} = 10\\ l = \frac{2(10-2b)}{2+\pi}$
Area of window id given by (A) = $lb + \frac{\pi}{2}\left ( \frac{l}{2} \right )^2$
$= \frac{2(10-2b)}{2+\pi}b + \frac{\pi}{2}\left ( \frac{10-2b}{2+\pi} \right )^2\\$
$A^{'}(b) = \frac{20-8b}{2+\pi}+\frac{\pi}{2}.2(\frac{10-2b}{2+\pi}).\frac{(-2)}{2+\pi}$
$= \frac{20-8b}{2+\pi}-2\pi(\frac{10-2b}{(2+\pi)^2})\\ A^{'}(b) = 0\\ \frac{20-8b}{2+\pi}=2\pi(\frac{10-2b}{(2+\pi)^2})\\ 40 + 20\pi -16b -8\pi b = 20\pi - 4\pi b\\ 40 = 4b(\pi+4)\\b = \frac{10}{\pi+4}$
Now,
$A^{''}(b) = \frac{-8}{2+\pi}+\frac{4\pi}{(2+\pi)^2} = \frac{-16-8\pi+4\pi}{(2+\pi)^2} = \frac{-16-4\pi}{(2+\pi)^2} \\ A^{''}(\frac{10}{\pi+4}) < 0$
Hence, b = 5/2 is the point of maxima
$l = \frac{2(10-2b)}{2+\pi} = \frac{2(10-2.\frac{10}{4+\pi})}{2+\pi} = \frac{20}{4+\pi}$
$r= \frac{l}{2}= \frac{20}{2(4+\pi)}=\frac{10}{4+\pi}$
Hence, these are the dimensions of the window to admit maximum light through the whole opening

Question:9 A point on the hypotenuse of a triangle is at distance a and b from the sides of the triangle. Show that the minimum length of the hypotenuse is $( a ^{\frac{2}{3}}+ b ^\frac{2}{3}) ^ \frac{3}{2}$

Answer:

It is given that
A point on the hypotenuse of a triangle is at a distance a and b from the sides of the triangle

Let the angle between AC and BC is $\theta$
So, the angle between AD and ED is also $\theta$
Now,
CD = $b \ cosec\theta$
And
AD = $a \sec\theta$
AC = H = AD + CD
= $a \sec\theta$ + $b \ cosec\theta$
$\frac{dH}{d\theta} = a \sec\theta\tan\theta - b\cot\theta cosec \theta\\ \frac{dH}{d\theta} = 0\\ a \sec\theta\tan\theta - b\cot\theta cosec \theta =0\\ a \sec\theta\tan\theta = b\cot\theta cosec \theta\\ a\sin^3\theta = b\cos^3\theta\\ \tan^3\theta = \frac{b}{a} \\ \tan\theta = \left ( \frac{b}{a} \right )^\frac{1}{3}$
Now,
$\frac{d^2H}{d\theta^2} > 0$
When $\tan\theta = \left ( \frac{b}{a} \right )^\frac{1}{3}$
Hence, $\tan\theta = \left ( \frac{b}{a} \right )^\frac{1}{3}$ is the point of minima
$\sec \theta = \frac{a\sqrt{a^\frac{2}{3}+b^\frac{2}{3}}}{a^\frac{1}{3}}$ and $cosec \theta = \frac{b\sqrt{a^\frac{2}{3}+b^\frac{2}{3}}}{b^\frac{1}{3}}$

AC = $\frac{a\sqrt{a^\frac{2}{3}+b^\frac{2}{3}}}{a^\frac{1}{3}} +$ $\frac{b\sqrt{a^\frac{2}{3}+b^\frac{2}{3}}}{b^\frac{1}{3}}$ = $(a^\frac{2}{3}+b^\frac{2}{3})^\frac{3}{2}$
Hence proved

Question:10 Find the points at which the function f given by $f(x) = (x-2)^4(x+1)^3$ has (i) local maxima (ii) local minima (iii) point of inflexion

Answer:

Given function is
$f(x) = (x-2)^4(x+1)^3$
$f^{'}(x) = 4(x-2)^3(x+1)^3 + 3(x+1)^2(x-2)^4\\ f^{'}(x)= 0\\ 4(x-2)^3(x+1)^3 + 3(x+1)^2(x-2)^4=0\\ (x-2)^3(x+1)^2(4(x+1) + 3(x-2))\\ x = 2 , x = -1 \ and \ x = \frac{2}{7}$
Now, for value x close to $\frac{2}{7}$ and to the left of $\frac{2}{7}$ , $f^{'}(x) > 0$ ,and for value close to $\frac{2}{7}$ and to the right of $\frac{2}{7}$ $f^{'}(x) < 0$
Thus, point x = $\frac{2}{7}$ is the point of maxima
Now, for value x close to 2 and to the Right of 2 , $f^{'}(x) > 0$ ,and for value close to 2 and to the left of 2 $f^{'}(x) < 0$
Thus, point x = 2 is the point of minima
There is no change in the sign when the value of x is -1
Thus x = -1 is the point of inflexion

Question:12 Show that the altitude of the right circular cone of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius r is 4r/3

Answer:

The volume of a cone (V) = $\frac{1}{3}\pi R^2h$
The volume of the sphere with radius r = $\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$
By Pythagoras theorem in $\Delta ADC$ we ca say that
$OD^2 = r^2 - R^2 \\ OD = \sqrt{r^2 - R^2}\\ h = AD = r + OD = r + \sqrt{r^2 - R^2}$
V = $\frac{1}{3}\pi R^2 (r + \sqrt{r^2+R^2})\\ = \frac{1}{3}\pi R^2r + \frac{1}{3}\pi R^2 \sqrt{r^2+R^2}$
$\frac{1}{3}\pi R^2 (r + \sqrt{r^2-R^2})\\ V^{'}(R)= \frac{2}{3}\pi Rr + \frac{2}{3}\pi R \sqrt{r^2-R^2}+\frac{1}{3}\pi R^2.\frac{-2R}{2\sqrt{r^2-R^2}}\\ V^{'}(R) = 0\\ \frac{1}{3}\pi R \left ( 2r + 2\sqrt{r^2-R^2} - \frac{R^2}{\sqrt{r^2-R^2}} \right ) = 0\\ \frac{1}{3}\pi R \left ( \frac{2r\sqrt{r^2-R^2} + 2r^2-2R^2 -R^2}{\sqrt{r^2-R^2}} \right ) = 0\\ R \neq 0 \ So, \\ 2r\sqrt{r^2-R^2} = 3R^2 - 2r^2\\ Square \ both \ sides\\ 4r^4-4r^2R^2 = 9R^4 + 4r^4 - 12R^2r^2\\ 9R^4-8R^2r^2 = 0\\ R^2(9R^2-8r^2) = 0\\ R \neq 0 \ So, 9R^2 = 8r^2\\ R = \frac{2\sqrt2r}{3}$
Now,
$V^{''}(R)= \frac{2}{3}\pi r + \frac{2}{3}\pi \sqrt{r^2-R^2}+\frac{2}{3}\pi R.\frac{-2R}{2\sqrt{r^2-R^2}}-\frac{3\pi R^2}{\sqrt{r^2-R^2}} - \frac{(-1)(-2R)}{(r^2+R^2)\frac{3}{2}}\\ V^{''}(\frac{2\sqrt2r}{3}) < 0$
Hence, the point $R = \frac{2\sqrt2r}{3}$ is the point of maxima
$h = r + \sqrt{r^2-R^2} = r + \sqrt{r^2-\frac{8r^2}{9}} = r + \frac{r}{3} = \frac{4r}{3}$
Hence, the altitude of the right circular cone of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius r is $\frac{4r}{3}$

Question:13 Let f be a function defined on [a, b] such that $f (x) > 0$ , for all $x \: \: \epsilon \: \: ( a,b)$ . Then prove that f is an increasing function on (a, b).

Answer:

Let's do this question by taking an example
suppose
$f(x)= x^3 > 0 , (a.b)$
Now, also
$f{'}(x)= 3x^2 > 0 , (a,b)$
Hence by this, we can say that f is an increasing function on (a, b)

Question:14 Show that the height of the cylinder of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius R is $\frac{2 R }{\sqrt 3 }$ . Also, find the maximum volume.

Answer:

The volume of the cylinder (V) = $\pi r^2 h$
By Pythagoras theorem in $\Delta OAB$
$OA = \sqrt{R^2-r^2}$
h = 2OA
$h = 2\sqrt{R^2-r^2}$
$V = 2\pi r^2\sqrt{R^2-r^2}$
$V^{'}(r) = 4\pi r\sqrt{R^2-r^2}+2\pi r^2 . \frac{-2r}{2\sqrt{R^2-r^2}}\\ V^{'}(r) = 0\\ 4\pi r\sqrt{R^2-r^2}- \frac{2\pi r^3}{\sqrt{R^2-r^2}} = 0\\ 4\pi r (R^2-r^2 ) - 2\pi r^3 = 0\\ 6\pi r^3 = 4\pi rR^2\\ r =\frac{\sqrt6R}{3}$
Now,
$V^{''}(r) = 4\pi \sqrt{R^2-r^2}+4\pi r.\frac{-2r}{2\sqrt{R^2-r^2}}- \frac{6\pi r^2}{\sqrt{R^2-r^2}}.\frac{(-1)-2r}{2(R^2-r^2)\frac{3}{2}}\\ V^{''}(\frac{\sqrt6R}{3}) < 0$
Hence, the point $r = \frac{\sqrt6R}{3}$ is the point of maxima
$h = 2\sqrt{R^2-r^2} = = 2\sqrt{R^2 - \frac{2R^2}{3}} =\frac{2R}{\sqrt3}$
Hence, the height of the cylinder of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius R is $\frac{2 R }{\sqrt 3 }$
and maximum volume is
$V = \pi r^2 h = \pi \frac{2R^2}{3}.\frac{2R}{\sqrt3} = \frac{4\pi R^3}{3\sqrt3}$

Question:15 Show that height of the cylinder of greatest volume which can be inscribed in a right circular cone of height h and semi vertical angle a is one-third that of the cone and the greatest volume of cylinder is

$\frac{4}{27}\pi h ^3 \tan ^2 \alpha$

Answer:

Let's take radius and height of cylinder = r and h ' respectively
Let's take radius and height of cone = R and h respectively

Volume of cylinder = $\pi r^2 h'$
Volume of cone = $\frac{1}{3}\pi R^2 h$
Now, we have
$R = h\tan a$
Now, since $\Delta AOG \and \Delta CEG$ are similar
$\frac{OA}{OG} = \frac{CE}{EG}$
$\frac{h}{R} = \frac{h'}{R-r}$
$h'=\frac{h(R-r)}{R}$
$h'=\frac{h(h\tan a-r)}{h\tan a} = \frac{h\tan a- r}{\tan a}$
Now,
$V = \pi r^ 2 h' = \pi r^2 .\frac{h\tan a-r}{\tan a} = \pi r^2 h - \frac{\pi r^3}{\tan a}$
Now,
$\frac{dV}{dr}= 2\pi rh- \frac{3\pi r^2}{\tan a} \\ \frac{dV}{dr}=0\\ 2\pi rh- \frac{3\pi r^2}{\tan a} = 0\\ 2\pi rh = \frac{3\pi r^2}{\tan a}\\ r = \frac{2h\tan a}{3}$
Now,
$\frac{d^2V}{dr^2}= 2\pi h- \frac{6\pi r}{\tan a}$
at $r = \frac{2h\tan a}{3}$
$\frac{d^2V}{dr^2} = 2\pi h- 4\pi h < 0$
Hence, $r = \frac{2h\tan a}{3}$ is the point of maxima
$h' = \frac{h\tan a-r}{\tan a} = \frac{h\tan a- \frac{2h\tan a}{3}}{\tan a}= \frac{1}{3}h$
Hence proved
Now, Volume (V) at $h' = \frac{1}{3}h$ and $r = \frac{2h\tan a}{3}$ is
$V = \pi r^2 h' = \pi \left ( \frac{2h\tan a}{3} \right )^2.\frac{h}{3}= \frac{4}{27}.\pi h^3\tan^2 a$
hence proved

Question:16 A cylindrical tank of radius 10 m is being filled with wheat at the rate of 314
cubic metre per hour. Then the depth of the wheat is increasing at the rate of

(A) 1 m/h

(B) 0.1 m/h

(C) 1.1 m/h

(D) 0.5 m/h

Answer:

It is given that
$\frac{dV}{dt} = 314 \ m^3/h$
Volume of cylinder (V) = $\pi r^2 h = 100\pi h \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (\because r = 10 m)$
$\frac{dV}{dt} = 100\pi \frac{dh}{dt}\\ 314 = 100\pi \frac{dh}{dt}\\ \frac{dh}{dt} = \frac{3.14}{\pi} = 1 \ m/h$
Hence, (A) is correct answer