The S-Block Elements Class 11th Notes - Free NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 10 Notes - Download PDF

S block elements are one of the important chapters of Class 11 Chemistry. The chapter includes an alkali metal of group 1 and alkaline earth metals of group 2. Also includes other physical and chemical properties and the general characteristics of alkaline earth metals. The S-block elements Class 11 notes, will help students to acquire the basic information of S-Block elements in the periodic table. The purpose of the CBSE Class 11 Chemistry chapter 10 notes is to focus on a single topic and write concise, legible notes to assist you to recall the key points before the test.

The topics like alkaline metals and alkaline earth metals are covered in this chapter. The physical and chemical properties of S-Block elements are covered in the article Class 11 Chemistry chapter 10 notes. For the students who wish to pass the Class 11 CBSE examination with a high score can read the Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 10 notes. And their dream can be achieved when they have good study materials. NCERT Class 11 Chemistry chapter 10 notes will act as good study material and also a proper revision kit for students.

Also, students can refer,

• NCERT Notes Class 11 Chemistry
• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 10 The S-Block Elements
• NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 10 The S-Block Elements

NCERT Notes for Chemistry Chapter 10

NCERT Notes for Chemistry Chapter 10: Topic 1

General Electronic Configuration of S block Elements

For S block elements it includes alkali metals and alkaline earth metals for alkali metals the electronic configuration is [noble gas]ns¹. And for alkaline earth metals, it is [noble gas]ns².

NCERT Notes for Chemistry Chapter 10: Topic 2

Alkali Metals.

These elements are dissolved in water it will form soluble hydroxide and is strongly alkaline in nature hence the name alkali metals are given.

NCERT Notes for Chemistry Chapter 10: Topic 3

Atomic and Ionic Radii

Atomic and ionic radii of alkali metals increase when moving down the group that is the size will increase from the element Lithium to cesium. Alkali metals cause a tendency to donate the outermost electron that is one valence electron and thereby monovalent cations are formed. And the radius of the cation formed is less than the parent element.

NCERT Notes for Chemistry Chapter 10: Topic 4

Ionization Enthalpy

Ionization enthalpies of alkali metals decrease down the group from Lithium to cesium and are generally low. This is because of the increased size of alkali metals down the group per the ability to lose the electrons that is the outermost electron will be easier, therefore, the value of ionization enthalpy will be lower.

NCERT Notes for Chemistry Chapter 10: Topic 5

Hydration Enthalpy

As the hydration enthalpy decreases with an increase in ionic sizes. Among the alkali metals, Lithium is having the higher hydration enthalpy.

Li⁺>Na⁺>K⁺>Rb⁺>Cs⁺

NCERT Notes for Chemistry Chapter 10: Topic 6

Physical Properties:

Some of the physical properties of alkali metals can be discussed with as:

• The elements of alkali metals are silvery-white, soft, and light metals.

• The density of them is low and it will increase on moving down the group.

• To an oxidizing flame, the elements of alkali metals impart color. The reason for this was the heat from the flame will excite the electron present in the outermost shell and higher energy level. And when the excited electron returns to the ground state the emission of radiation in the visible region occurs.

NCERT Notes for Chemistry Chapter 10: Topic 7

Chemical Properties of Alkali Metals

Some of the important chemical properties of alkali metals are discussed below:

• Reaction with air

When alkali metals are exposed to air forms different oxides and it will depend on the nature of the element present. For example,

4Li+O₂ Heat→ 2Li₂O

2Na+O₂ Heat→ Na₂O₂

• Reaction with water

Alkali metals undergo a reaction with water and form the corresponding hydroxide with the evolution of hydrogen.

4M+H₂O → 2M⁺+2OH^-+ H₂

• Reaction with hydrogen

alkali metals react with hydrogen to form corresponding hydrides.

Reaction with halogens

When alkali metals combine with the halogens they will form metal halides.

2M+X₂→2MX

• Reducing nature:

Alkali metals are a strong reducing agent and the medium is the strongest reducing agent among the alkali metals. This is because the electrode potential that is the electrode potential of Lithium is the lowest. The order can be given as Na<K<Rb<Cs

• Solubility in liquid ammonia

The alkali metals will be dissolved in liquid ammonia and produce a deep blue solution and the solution obtained is conducting in nature also.

M^+x+yNH₃→[MNH₃X]⁺+ [eNH₃y]^-

NCERT Notes for Chemistry Chapter 10: Topic 8

Uses of Alkali Metals

Some of the important uses of alkali metals can be discussed below.

• Lithium can be used for making primary and secondary batteries.

• For making glass lithium carbonate is used.

• For the synthesis of organic compounds, sodium amalgam is used in the laboratory.

• For the sodium vapor lamp, sodium is used.

• In fertilizer, the salt of potassium is used.

• Cesium is used in rocket propellant.

NCERT Notes for Chemistry Chapter 10: Topic 9

Group 2 Elements Alkaline Earth Metals.

Like alkali metals and alkaline earth, metals are also alkaline.

NCERT Notes for Chemistry Chapter 10: Topic 10

Electronic Configuration

The general electronic configuration of alkaline earth metals can be given as [noble gas]ns².

NCERT Notes for Chemistry Chapter 10: Topic 11

Atomic and Ionic Radii

The atomic and ionic radii of alkaline earth metals are smaller. And also the value of atomic radii and ionic radii increases on moving down the group.

NCERT Notes for Chemistry Chapter 10: Topic 12

Ionization Enthalpy

Like alkali metals and alkaline earth, metal is also has a low ionization enthalpy and is due to the large size of the elements. Since the size of alkaline earth metals are comparatively lower than the alkali metals the first ionization enthalpies of alkaline earth metals are higher than that of the alkali metals.

NCERT Notes for Chemistry Chapter 10: Topic 13

Hydration Enthalpy

Compared to alkali metals, the hydration enthalpy of alkaline earth metals is higher. And they possess more tendency to form a corresponding hydrate than alkali metals. The order can be given as :

Be²⁺>Mg²⁺>Ca²⁺>Sr²⁺>Ba²⁺

NCERT Notes for Chemistry Chapter 10: Topic 14

Physical Properties

Some of the physical properties of alkaline earth metals can be discussed as

• Compared to alkali metals harder.

• Due to the small size of alkaline earth metals, the melting and boiling point is higher.

• The electropositive character of alkaline earth metals tends to increase on moving down the group.

• Like alkali metals, all the elements of alkali metals are also given color in the flame except beryllium and magnesium.

• The terminal and the electrical conductivity of alkaline earth metals are higher.

NCERT Notes for Chemistry Chapter 10: Topic 15

Chemical Properties

Some of the chemical properties of alkaline earth metals can be discussed further below.

• Reaction With oxygen

Beryllium and magnesium are inert to oxygen this is because of the formation of a thin film of oxide on the surface of those elements.

• Reaction with water

these metals are less electropositive compared to alkali metals so they are less reactive towards water too. But magnesium undergoes reaction with boiling water or steam and the reaction can be represented as.

Mg+2H₂O→ Mg(OH)₂+H₂

• Reaction with the halogens

Alkaline earth metals react with the halogens for forming corresponding halides. The general expression for it can be given as;

2M+X₂→2MX

• Reaction with hydrogen

Except for beryllium, all the alkaline earth metals react with hydrogen to form II corresponding metal hydrides.

NCERT Notes for Chemistry Chapter 10: Topic 16

Uses of Alkaline Earth Metals

• Calcium sulfate is used for making pottery ceramics surgical bandages, etc.

• Calcium oxide can be used for the manufacturing of cement.

• Calcium carbonate can be used as an antacid.

• Beryllium can be used in the manufacture of alloys.

• Magnesium powder is used in bulbs flash powders and signals.

• The salt of radium can be used in radiotherapy.

• For the making of X-Ray tubes Metallic beryllium is used.

Significance of NCERT Notes for Chemistry Chapter 10

The S-block elements Class 11 notes pdf download focus on the important points regarding the S-Block elements in the periodic table. It is a very basic topic of chemistry subject. Class 11 Chemistry chapter 10 notes pdf download will help students in getting good marks in their exams. Class 11 the S-block elements notes help students in getting a revision for cracking the exams NEET and JEE MAIN exams. The notes for Class 11 Chemistry chapter 10 will help students to study in the offline mode.

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