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The NCERT Class 11 Chemistry chapter 4 Notes talks about Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure. The main topics covered in Class 11 Chemistry chapter 4 notes are KÖssel-Lewis’s approach to chemical bonding, the octet rule, and its limitations, drawing Lewis structures of simple molecules, VSEPR theory, valence bond theory, molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules, and concepts of hydrogen bonding. This chapter on Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Class 11 notes also includes some FAQs to clarify some of the most frequent and important questions. The Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Class 11 notes pdf download will help students to easily get the cbse class 11 chemistry ch 4 notes.
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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Chemical Bond: Chemical bond is formed when various constituents are held together in chemical species by force of attraction.
KÖSSEL-LEWIS APPROACH TO CHEMICAL BONDING
In the periodic table, noble gases separate the highly electronegative halogens from the highly electropositive alkali metals.
The formation of a negative ion from a halogen atom is with the gain of an electron and a positive ion from an alkali metal atom is with the loss of an electron.
The negative and positive ions formed attain stable noble gas electronic configurations. The noble gases (except helium,) have a stable outer shell configuration of eight electrons,.
Electrostatic attraction stabilizes the negative and positive ions.
Electrovalent bond: The bond is formed, as a result of the electrostatic attraction between the positive and negative ions.
Ionic bond: The bond is formed when an atom loses an electron and another atom gains an electron.
Electronic theory of chemical bonding: It states that atoms can combine either by sharing valence electrons or by transfer of valence electrons from one atom to another, so as to have an octet in their valence shells. This is known as the octet rule.
Covalent bond: It is a bond that is formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons between them. Molecules can have a single covalent bond, double bond, or even a triple bond.
Lewis Representation of Simple Molecules (Lewis Structures)
In terms of shared pairs of electrons and the octet rule, the Lewis dot structures depict bonding in molecules and ions. Electrons are represented by the dots. Such structures are called Lewis dot structures.
For example, lewis dot structure of water molecule:
Formal Charge
Lewis dot structures do not represent the real shapes of molecules. In polyatomic ions, the net charge is held by the ion as a whole, rather than by a single atom. However, possible to give each atom a formal charge. The formal charge of an atom is the difference between the number of valence electrons of an atom in an isolated or free state and the number of electrons assigned to that atom in the Lewis structure.
Limitations of Octet Rule
1. Sometimes number of electrons around the central atom is less than eight, hence resulting in an incomplete octet of the central atom.
2. In certain molecules, such as NO there is an odd number of electrons which results in an incomplete octet of the atoms.
3. Sometimes the number of electrons around the central atom is more than eight, hence resulting in an expanded octet of the central atom.
Lattice Enthalpy: The Lattice Enthalpy is an ionic solid is defined as the formation of one mole or change of ionic compound in its gaseous ions which keep all the other things standard. We can say that to check the strength of ionic compound lattice enthalpy is used.
Bond Parameters
Bond Length: It is the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms of a molecule. Or we can say that it is the sum of two bonded atoms covalent radii.
Bond Angle: It is the angle made in between two covalent bonds which are having the same origin from a similar atom.
Bond Enthalpy: It is the amount of energy needed to separate all the covalent bonds of a specific type. This exists in between two atoms in a gaseous state.
Bond Order: It is the number of bonds a molecule has between two atoms.
Resonance Structures
Resonance is a concept, wherein, whenever a single lewis structure cannot describe the structure of the molecules, then various possible canonical structures are used to accurately describe the molecule.
Polarity of Bonds
In heteronuclear bonds, the shared electron pair shift towards the more electronegative atom, resulting in polarity between the atoms, and the molecule is said to be a polar molecule.
Due to polarity, the molecule develops Dipole moment which is defined as the product of charge and distance of separation between the two bonded atoms.
This theory predicts the shape of the covalent molecules.
Below are the postulates of this theory:
The number of valence shell electron pairs decides the shape of a molecule around the central atom.
Pairs of electrons in the valence shell repel one another because of the negatively charged electron clouds.
The pairs of electrons occupy such positions in space where there is minimum repulsion so it maximise the distance between them.
The valence shell is assumed as a sphere with the electron pairs present on the spherical surface at a maximum distance from one another.
Multiple bonds are considered as a single electron pair and the two/three electron pairs of multiple bonds are taken as a single super pair.
When two or more resonance structures represent a molecule, the VSEPR theory is applied to any such structure.
The repulsive interaction of electron pairs is given as:
Lone pair – Lone pair > Lone pair – Bond pair > Bond pair – Bond pair
When two atoms approach each other, at a large distance there is no force, however, as the molecule starts approaching closer they experience a force of attraction, and after a distance when the two atoms come close enough they experience repulsive force.
So, when two atoms approach each other and form a bond, energy is released and this energy is called bond enthalpy.Types of Overlapping
Sigma(σ) bond: Also called head-on overlap or axial overlap, this type of covalent bond is formed when the bonding orbitals overlap end to end along the internuclear axis.
• s-s overlapping: The type of overlapping can be seen in half-filled s-orbitals of one atom and half-filled s-orbitals of another atom.
• s-p overlapping: The type of overlapping can be seen in half-filled s-orbitals of one atom and half-filled p-orbitals of another atom.
• p–p overlapping: The type of overlapping can be seen in p-orbitals of the two approaching atoms.
pi(π ) bond: The type of overlapping can be seen in a covalent bond that is formed when the bonding orbitals overlap sidewise, such that their axes are parallel to each other but perpendicular to the internuclear axis.
The features of hybridization are:
1. The number of hybrid orbitals is equal in number to the atomic orbitals that hybridize.
2. The hybridized orbitals are always the same in energy and shape.
3. The hybrid orbitals form more stable bonds than pure atomic orbitals.
4. The hybrid orbitals are directed in minimum repulsion space giving a stable arrangement.
Types of Hybridisation
sp hybridization: This hybridization involves the mixing of one s and one p orbital to form equivalent sp hybrid orbitals.
hybridization: This hybridization involves mixing of ones and two p-orbitals to form three equivalent hybridized orbitals.
hybridization: This hybridisation involves mixing of one s-orbital and three p-orbitals of the valence shell to form four hybrid orbital.
hybridization: This hybridization involves mixing of one d-orbital, one s-orbital, and two p-orbitals of the valence shell to form four hybrid orbital.
hybridization: This hybridization involves mixing of two d-orbital, one s-orbital and three p-orbitals of the valence shell to form six hybrid orbital.
hybridisation: This hybridization involves mixing of one s-orbital, three p-orbitals, and one d-orbital to form five hybrid orbital.
hybridisation: This hybridisation involves mixing of one s-orbital, three p-orbitals, and two d-orbitals to form six hybrid orbitals.
As the electrons of atoms are present in the various atomic orbitals, the same way the electrons in a molecule are present in the various molecular orbitals.
The molecular orbitals are formed by the combination of atomic orbitals which is having comparable energies and proper symmetry.
A nucleus influences an electron in an atomic orbital, however, in a molecular orbital, it is influenced by two or more nuclei. Therefore, an atomic orbital is monocentric and a molecular orbital is polycentric.
The number of molecular orbitals is equal to the number of combining atomic orbitals. Two atomic orbitals combine, to form two molecular orbitals, where one is bonding molecular orbital and the other is antibonding molecular orbital.
The bonding molecular orbital has lower energy and the antibonding molecular orbital has more energy, hence is less stable.
In an atom, atomic orbital gives electron probability distribution around a nucleus, and in a molecule molecular orbital, gives the electron probability distribution around a group of nuclei.
The molecular orbitals are also filled in accordance with the followings rules and principles the Aufbau principle, Pauli’s exclusion principle, and Hund’s rule.
Molecular orbitals are formed by Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals (LCAO) where atomic orbitals have the same energy or nearly the same, same symmetry and overlap is maximum.
A hydrogen bond is formed between an H atom and an electronegative atom due to the force of attraction, where H has a partial positive charge and the electronegative atom has a partial negative charge.
There are two types of Hydrogen bonds:
Intermolecular hydrogen bond: A hydrogen bond is formed between an H atom and an electronegative atom of two different molecules. For instance, H-bond in HF molecule, alcohol or water molecules, etc.
Intramolecular hydrogen bond: A hydrogen bond is formed between an H atom and an electronegative atom of the same molecule. For instance, H-bond in o-nitrophenol.
Significance of NCERT Class 11 Chemistry chapter 4 Notes
ch 4 chemistry class 11 notes are helpful to revise the chapter and to get an idea about the main topics covered in the chapter. Also, this NCERT Class 11 Chemistry chapter 4 notes are useful for competitive exams like VITEEE, BITSAT , JEE Main, NEET, etc. chemistry class 11 chapter 4 notes pdf download can be very helpful in reading through the paper.
NCERT Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 1 Notes |
Ans- Sigma(σ) bond: Sigma bond is also termed as head-on overlap or axial overlap.
This type of covalent bond is formed when the overlapping is done from end to end along the internuclear axis. This may include the overlapping as follows:
• s-s overlapping
• s-p overlapping
• p–p overlapping
pi(π ) bond: The type of overlapping can be seen in a covalent bond that is formed when the bonding orbitals overlap sidewise, such that their axes are parallel to each other but perpendicular to the internuclear axis.
Ans- The Lattice Enthalpy is of an ionic solid and is accounted as the energy required to fully separate one mole of a solid ionic compound into gaseous constituent ions. for more info students can refer to chemistry class 11 chapter 4 notes pdf.
Ans- The Lattice Enthalpy is of an ionic solid and is accounted as the energy required to fully separate one mole of a solid ionic compound into gaseous constituent ions. for more info students can refer to chemistry class 11 chapter 4 notes pdf.
Ans- The Lattice Enthalpy is of an ionic solid and is accounted as the energy required to fully separate one mole of a solid ionic compound into gaseous constituent ions. for more info students can refer to chemistry class 11 chapter 4 notes pdf.
Ans- The Lattice Enthalpy is of an ionic solid and is accounted as the energy required to fully separate one mole of a solid ionic compound into gaseous constituent ions. for more info students can refer to chemistry class 11 chapter 4 notes pdf.
Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.
The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary.
A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.
GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.
The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.
Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.
Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.
If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy, IIT Kharagpur, JMI New Delhi.
Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive.
Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.
Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.
The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.
Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.
An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.
A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.
Individuals who opt for a career as a stock analyst examine the company's investments makes decisions and keep track of financial securities. The nature of such investments will differ from one business to the next. Individuals in the stock analyst career use data mining to forecast a company's profits and revenues, advise clients on whether to buy or sell, participate in seminars, and discussing financial matters with executives and evaluate annual reports.
A Researcher is a professional who is responsible for collecting data and information by reviewing the literature and conducting experiments and surveys. He or she uses various methodological processes to provide accurate data and information that is utilised by academicians and other industry professionals. Here, we will discuss what is a researcher, the researcher's salary, types of researchers.
Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues.
A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.
Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems.
A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.
A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.
A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software.
Highway Engineer Job Description: A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.
Are you searching for a Field Surveyor Job Description? A Field Surveyor is a professional responsible for conducting field surveys for various places or geographical conditions. He or she collects the required data and information as per the instructions given by senior officials.
Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.
A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.
Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth.
The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.
An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.
Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.
For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs.
Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.
Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.
Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.
Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.
A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.
The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.
A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.
Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.
An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story.
They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.
In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism, Advertising, Marketing Management. Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook.
In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion.
Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article.
For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.
Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.
Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.
Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication), B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media), or MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.
Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.
A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications.
Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues.
A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product.
A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.
A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans.
A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software.
The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.
An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party.
An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems.
Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.
A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack
An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process.
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