NCERT solutions for class 12 Physics chapter 5 Magnetism and Matter

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NCERT solutions for class 12 physics chapter 5 magnetism and matter: Exercises Question and Answer

5.1(a). Answer the following questions regarding earth’s magnetism: A vector needs three quantities for its specification. Name the three independent quantities conventionally used to specify the earth’s magnetic field.

Answer:

The three independent quantities used to specify the earth’s magnetic field are:

(i) The horizontal component of Earth's magnetic field ( $H_{E}$ ).

(ii) The magnetic declination (D): It is the angle between the geographic north and the magnetic north at a place.

(iii)The magnetic dip (I): It is the angle between the horizontal plane and the magnetic axis, as observed in the compass

5.1(b) Answer the following questions regarding earth’s magnetism. The angle of dip at a location in southern India is about 18°. Would you expect a greater or smaller dip angle in Britain?

Answer:

We would expect a greater angle of dip in Britain. The angle of dip increases as the distance from equator increases.

(It is 0 at the equator and 90 degrees at the poles)

5.1 (c) Answer the following questions regarding earth’s magnetism

If you made a map of magnetic field lines at Melbourne in Australia, would the lines seem to go into the ground or come out of the ground?

Answer:

The field lines go into the earth at the north magnetic pole and come out from the south magnetic pole and hence Australia being in the southern hemisphere. The magnetic field lines would come out of the ground at Melbourne.

5.1 (d) Answer the following questions regarding earth’s magnetism

In which direction would a compass free to move in the vertical plane point to, if located right on the geomagnetic north or south pole?

Answer:

The magnetic field is perpendicular at the poles and the magnetic needle of the compass tends to align with the magnetic field. Therefore the compass will get aligned in the vertical direction if is held vertically at the north pole.

5.1 e) The earth’s field, it is claimed, roughly approximates the field due to a dipole of magnetic moment $8 \times 10 ^ { 22} J T ^{-1}$ located at its centre. Check the order of magnitude of this number in some way.

Answer:

Magnetic field

$B=\frac{\mu_o M}{4\pi R^3}$

substituting the values

$R=6.4\times10^6\ m$

$\mu_0=4\pi \times 10^{-7}$

$M=8 \times 10 ^ { 22} J T ^{-1}$

then

$B=0.3G$

5.1 (f) Answer the following questions regarding earth’s magnetism

Geologists claim that besides the main magnetic N-S poles, there are several local poles on the earth’s surface oriented in different directions. How is such a thing possible at all?

Answer:

This may be possible due to the presence of minerals which are magnetic in nature.

5.2 (a) Answer the following questions

The earth’s magnetic field varies from point to point in space. Does it also change with time? If so, on what time scale does it change appreciably?

Answer:

Due to the constant but slow motion of the plates and change in the core, magnetic field due to Earth may change with time too. The time scale is in centuries for appreciable change.

5.2 (b) Answer the following questions

The earth’s core is known to contain iron. Yet geologists do not regard this as a source of the earth’s magnetism. Why?

Answer:

The iron present in the core of the Earth is in the molten form. Hence it loses it ferromagnetism and not regarded by geologists as a source of earth's magnetism.

5.2 (c) Answer the following questions

The charged currents in the outer conducting regions of the earth’s core are thought to be responsible for earth’s magnetism. What might be the ‘battery’ (i.e., the source of energy) to sustain these currents?

Answer:

The radioactive materials might be the battery to sustain such currents.

5.2 (d) Answer the following questions

The earth may have even reversed the direction of its field several times during its history of 4 to 5 billion years. How can geologists know about the earth’s field in such distant past?

Answer:

The direction of the earth's magnetic field was recorded in rocks during solidification. By studying them, geologists can tell if the direction of the field had reversed.

5.2 (e) Answer the following questions

The earth’s field departs from its dipole shape substantially at large distances (greater than about 30,000 km). What agencies may be responsible for this distortion?

Answer:

The earth’s field departs from its dipole shape substantially at large distances (greater than about 30,000 km) due to the presence of ions in the ionosphere. These ions in motion generate magnetic field and hence distort the shape of a magnetic dipole.

5.2 (f) Answer the following questions

Interstellar space has an extremely weak magnetic field of the order of $10 ^ {-12}$ . Can such a weak field be of any significant consequence? Explain.

Answer:

This weak magnetic field can affect the motion of a charged particle in a circular motion. And a small deviation from its path in the vast interstellar space may have huge consequences.

5.3. A short bar magnet placed with its axis at 30° with a uniform external magnetic field of 0.25 T experiences a torque of magnitude equal to $4.5 \times 10 ^{-2} J$ . What is the magnitude of magnetic moment of the magnet?

Answer:

Given,

The angle between axis of bar magnet and external magnetic field, θ = 30°

Magnetic field strength, B = 0.25 T

Torque on the bar magnet, Τ = 4.5 x $10^{-2}$ J

We know,

Torque experienced by a bar magnet placed in a uniform magnetic field is:

T = m x B = mBsin $\theta$

$m = \frac{T}{Bsin\theta}$

$\implies m = \frac{4.5\times10^{-2}J}{0.25T\times sin30^{\circ}}$

$\therefore$ m = 0.36 $JT^{-1}$

Hence, the magnitude of the moment of the Bar magnet is 0.36 $JT^{-1}$ .

5.4. A short bar magnet of magnetic moment $m = 0.32 JT ^ { -1}$ is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.15 T. If the bar is free to rotate in the plane of the field, which orientation would correspond to its (a) stable,
and (b) unstable equilibrium? What is the potential energy of the magnet in each case?

Answer:

Given,

Magnetic moment of magnet, m = 0.32 $JT^{-1}$

Magnetic field strength, B = 0.15 T

(a) Stable equilibrium: When the magnetic moment is along the magnetic field i.e. $\theta = 0^{\circ}$

(b) Unstable equilibrium: When the magnetic moment is at 180° with the magnetic field i.e. $\theta = 180^{\circ}$

U = - m.B = -mBcos $\theta$

By putting the given values:

U = (-0.32)(0.15)(cos $0^{\circ}$ ) = -0.048 J

Therefore, Potential energy of the system in stable equilibrium is -0.048 J

Similarly,

U = (-0.32)(0.15)(cos $180^{\circ}$ ) = 0.048 J

Therefore, Potential energy of the system in unstable equilibrium is 0.048J.

5.5 A closely wound solenoid of 800 turns and area of cross section $2.5 \times 10 ^{-4} m^2$ carries a current of 3.0 A. Explain the sense in which the solenoid acts like a bar magnet. What is its associated magnetic moment?

Answer:

In this case the magnetic field is generated along the axis / length of solenoid so it acts as a magnetic bar.

The magnetic moment is calculated as :-

$M\ =\ NIA$

or $=\ 800\times 3\times 2.5\times 10^{-4}$

or $=\ 0.6\ JT^{-1}$

5.6. If the solenoid in Exercise 5.5 is free to turn about the vertical direction and a uniform horizontal magnetic field of 0.25 T is applied, what is the magnitude of torque on the solenoid when its axis makes an angle of 30° with the direction of applied field?

Answer:

Given,

Magnetic field strength, B = 0.25 T

Magnetic moment, m = 0.6 JT ⁻¹

The angle between the axis of the solenoid and the direction of the applied field, $\theta$ = 30°.

We know, the torque acting on the solenoid is:

$\tau$ = m x B = mBsinθ
= (0.6 $JT^{-1}$ )(0.25 T)(sin 30 ^o )

= 0.075 J
= 7.5 x $10^{-2}$ J

The magnitude of torque is 7.5 x $10^{-2}$ J.

5.7 a) A bar magnet of magnetic moment $1.5 J T ^{-1}$ lies aligned with the direction of a uniform magnetic field of 0.22 T.
What is the amount of work required by an external torque to turn the magnet so as to align its magnetic moment: (i) normal to the field direction

Answer:

Given.

Magnetic moment, M= 1.5 $J T^{-1}$

Magnetic field strength, B= 0.22 T

Now,

The initial angle between the axis and the magnetic field, $\theta_1$ = 0°

Final angle, $\theta_2$ = 90°

We know, The work required to make the magnetic moment normal to the direction of the magnetic field is given as:

$W = - MB ( cos \theta_2 - cos \theta_1)$

$\implies W = - (1.5)(0.22) ( cos 90^{\circ} - cos 0^{\circ}) = -0.33(0-1)$
= 0.33 J

5.7 (a)

ii) A bar magnet of magnetic moment $1.5 TJT ^ {-1}$ lies aligned with the direction of a uniform magnetic field of 0.22 T.
What is the amount of work required by an external torque to turn the magnet so as to align its magnetic moment opposite to the field direction?

Answer:

The amount of work required for the given condition will be:-

$W\ =\ -MB\left [ \cos \Theta _2\ -\ \cos \Theta _1 \right ]$

$W\ =\ -MB\left [ \cos 180^{\circ}\ -\ \cos 0^{\circ} \right ]$

or $=\ 2MB$

or $=\ 2\times1.5\times0.22$

or $=\ 0.66\ J$

5.7 (b) A bar magnet of magnetic moment $1.5 JT^{-1}$ lies aligned with the
direction of a uniform magnetic field of 0.22 T. What is the torque on the magnet in cases (i) and (ii)?

Answer:

For case (i):

$\theta$ = $\theta_2$ = 90°

We know, Torque, $\tau = MBsin\theta$
$= (1.5)(0.22)sin90^{\circ}$
= 0.33 J

For case (ii):

$\theta$ = $\theta_2$ = 180°

We know, Torque,

$\tau = MBsin\theta$
$= (1.5)(0.22)sin180^{\circ}$
= 0

5.8 (a) A closely wound solenoid of 2000 turns and area of cross-section $1.6 \times 10 ^{-4} m^2$ , carrying a current of 4.0 A, is suspended through its centre allowing it to turn in a horizontal plane. What is the magnetic moment associated with the solenoid?

Answer:

Given,

Number of turns, N = 2000

Area of the cross-section of the solenoid, $A = 1.6$ x $10^{-4} m^2$

Current in the solenoid, I = 4 A

We know, The magnetic moment along the axis of the solenoid is:

m = NIA

= (2000)(4 A)(1.6 x $10^{-4} m^2$ )

= 1.28 $Am^2$

5.8 (b) A closely wound solenoid of 2000 turns and area of cross-section $1.6 \times 10 ^{-4} m ^2$ , carrying a current of 4.0 A, is suspended through its
centre allowing it to turn in a horizontal plane.

(b) What is the force and torque on the solenoid if a uniform horizontal magnetic field of $7.5 \times 10 ^{-2} T$ is set up at an angle of 30° with the axis of the solenoid?

Answer:

Now,

Magnetic field strength, B = $7.5 \times 10 ^{-2} T$

The angle between the magnetic field and the axis of the solenoid, $\theta = 30^{\circ}$

Now, As the Magnetic field is uniform, the Force is zero

Also, we know,

$\tau$ = mxB = mBsinθ

= (1.28 $JT^{-1}$ )( $7.5 \times 10 ^{-2} T$ )(sin $30^{\circ}$ )

= 4.8 x $10^{-2}$ J

Therefore, Force on the solenoid = 0 and torque on the solenoid = 4.8 x $10^{-2}$ J

5.9. A circular coil of 16 turns and radius 10 cm carrying a current of 0.75 A rests with its plane normal to an external field of magnitude $5.0 \times 10 ^{-2}$ The coil is free to turn about an axis in its plane perpendicular to the field direction. When the coil is turned slightly and released, it oscillates about its stable equilibrium with a frequency of $2.0 s^{-1}$ . What is the moment of inertia of the coil about its axis of rotation?

Answer:

Given,

Number of turns, N = 16

Radius of the coil, r = 10 cm = 0.1 m

Current in the coil, I = 0.75 A

Magnetic field strength, B = 5.0 x $10^{-2}$ T

Frequency of oscillations of the coil, f = 2.0 $s^{-1}$

Now, Cross-section of the coil, A = $\pi r^2$ = $\pi \times (0.1)^2 m^2$

We know, Magnetic moment, m = NIA

= (16)(0.75 A)( $\pi \times (0.1)^2 m^2$ )

= 0.377 $JT^{-1}$

We know, frequency of oscillation in a magnetic field is:

$f = \frac{1}{2\pi}\sqrt{\frac{MB}{I}}$ (I = Moment of Inertia of the coil)

$\implies I = \frac{MB}{4\pi^2f^2}$

$\implies I = \frac{0.377\times5\times10^{-2}}{4\pi^22^2}$

$I = 1.19\times$ $10^{-4}$ $kgm^2$

The moment of inertia of the coil about its axis of rotation is $1.19$ $\times$ $10^{-4}$ $kgm^2$ .

5.10. A magnetic needle free to rotate in a vertical plane parallel to the magnetic meridian has its north tip pointing down at $22 \degree$ with the horizontal. The horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field at the place is known to be $0.35 G$ . Determine the magnitude of the earth’s magnetic field at the place.

Answer:

Given,

The horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field, $B_{H}$ = 0.35 G

Angle made by the needle with the horizontal plane at the place = Angle of dip = $\delta$ = $22 \degree$

We know, $B_{H}$ = B cos $\delta$ , where B is earth's magnetic field

B = $B_{H}$ /cos $\delta$ = 0.35/(cos $22 \degree$ ) = 0.377 G

The earth’s magnetic field strength at the place is 0.377 G.

5.11. At a certain location in Africa, a compass points $12 \degree$ west of the geographic north. The north tip of the magnetic needle of a dip circle placed in the plane of magnetic meridian points $60 \degree$ above the horizontal. The horizontal component of the earth’s field is measured to be 0.16 G. Specify the direction and magnitude of the earth’s field at the location.

Answer:

Given,

The horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field, B _H = 0.16 G

The angle of declination, $\theta$ = $12^{\circ}$

The angle of dip, $\delta$ = $60^{\circ}$

We know, $B_{H}$ = B cos $\delta$ , where B is Earth's magnetic field

B = $B_{H}$ /cos $\delta$ = 0.16/(cos $60 \degree$ ) = 0.32 G

Earth’s magnetic field is 0.32 G in magnitude lying in the vertical plane, $12^{\circ}$ west of the geographic meridian and $60^{\circ}$ above the horizontal.

5.12 (a). A short bar magnet has a magnetic moment of $0.48 JT^{-1}$ . Give the direction and magnitude of the magnetic field produced by the magnet at a distance of 10 cm from the centre of the magnet on the axis,

Answer:

Given,

The magnetic moment of the bar magnet, m = 0.48 $JT^{-1}$

Distance from the centre, d = 10 cm = 0.1 m

We know, The magnetic field at distance d, from the centre of the magnet on the axis is:

$B= \frac{\mu_{0} m}{2\pi r^3}$

$\therefore B= \frac{4\pi\times10^{-7}\times 0.48}{2\pi (0.1)^3}$

$\implies$ $B =$ $0.96 \times 10^{-4} T$

Therefore, the magnetic field on the axis, B = 0.96 G

Note: The magnetic field is along the S−N direction (like a dipole!).

5. 12 (b). A short bar magnet has a magnetic moment of $0.48 JT^{-1}$ Give the direction and magnitude of the magnetic field produced by the magnet at a distance of 10 cm from the centre of the magnet on the equatorial lines (normal bisector) of the magnet.

Answer:

On the equatorial axis,

Distance,d = 10cm = 0.1 m

We know, the magnetic field due to a bar magnet along the equator is:

$B= -\frac{\mu_{0} m}{4\pi d^3}$

$\therefore B=- \frac{4\pi\times10^{-7}\times 0.48}{4\pi (0.1)^3}$

$\implies$ B = $- 0.48 \times 10^{-4} T$

Therefore, the magnetic field on the equatorial axis, B = 0.48 G

The negative sign implies that the magnetic field is along the N−S direction.

5.13). A short bar magnet placed in a horizontal plane has its axis aligned along the magnetic north-south direction. Null points are found on the axis of the magnet at 14 cm from the centre of the magnet. The earth’s magnetic field at the place is 0.36 G and the angle of dip is zero. What is the total magnetic field on the normal bisector of the magnet at the same distance as the null–point (i.e., 14 cm) from the centre of the magnet? (At null points, field due to a magnet is equal and opposite to the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field.)

Answer:

Earth’s magnetic field at the given place, B = 0.36 G

The magnetic field at a distance d from the centre of the magnet on its axis is:

$B = \mu_{0}m/2\pi d^{3}$

And the magnetic field at a distance d' from the centre of the magnet on the normal bisector is:

$B' = \mu_{0}m/4\pi d'^3$

= B/2 ( since d' = d, i.e same distance of null points.)

Hence the total magnetic field is B + B' = B + B/2 = (0.36 + 0.18) G = 0.54 G

Therefore, the magnetic field in the direction of earth’s magnetic field is 0.54 G.

5.14. If the bar magnet in exercise 5.13 is turned around by $180 \degree$ , where will the new null points be located?

Answer:

Given, d = 14 cm

The magnetic field at a distance d from the centre of the magnet on its axis :

$B = \mu_{0}m/2\pi d^{3}$

If the bar magnet is turned through 180°, then the neutral point will lie on the equatorial (perpendicular bisector) line.

The magnetic field at a distance d' from the centre of the magnet on the normal bisector is:

$B = \mu_{0}m/4\pi d'^3$

Equating these two, we get:

$\\ \frac{1}{2d^3} = \frac{1}{4d\ '^3}\\ \\ \implies \frac{d\ '^3}{d^3} = \frac{1}{2}$

d' = 14 x 0.794 = 11.1cm

The new null points will be at a distance of 11.1 cm on the normal bisector.

5.15 (a). A short bar magnet of magnetic movement $5.25 \times 10 ^{-2} JT^{-1}$ is placed with its axis perpendicular to the earth’s field direction. At what distance from the centre of the magnet, the resultant field is inclined at 45° with earth’s field on its normal bisector

Answer:

Given,

The magnetic moment of the bar magnet, $m = 5.25 \times$ $10^{-2}\ JT^{-1}$

The magnitude of earth’s magnetic field at a place, $H = 0.42 G = 0.42 \times$ $10^{-4}$ T

The magnetic field at a distance R from the centre of the magnet on the normal bisector is:

$B = \mu_{0}m/4\pi R^3$

When the resultant field is inclined at 45° with earth’s field, B = H

$B = H = 0.42\times$ $10^{-4}$ $T$

$R^3 = \mu_{0}m/4\pi B$ = $4\pi\times10^{-7}\times5.25\times10^{-2}/4\pi\times0.42\times10^{-4}$

$= 12.5 \times 10^{-5 }m^3$

Therefore, R = 0.05 m = 5 cm

5.15 (b). A short bar magnet of magnetic movement $5.25 \times 10 ^{-2} JT^{-1}$ is placed with its axis perpendicular to the earth’s field direction. At what distance from the centre of the magnet, the resultant field is inclined at 45° with earth’s field on its axis. The magnitude of the earth’s field at the place is given to be 0.42 G. Ignore the length of the magnet in comparison to the distances involved.

Answer:

The magnetic field at a distance R from the centre of the magnet on its axis :

$B = \mu_{0}m/2\pi R^{3}$

When the resultant field is inclined at 45° with earth’s field, B = H

$R^3 = \mu_{0}m/2\pi B$ = $4\pi\times10^{-7}\times5.25\times10^{-2}/2\pi\times0.42\times10^{-4}$ = $25 \times 10^{-5}m^3$

Therefore, R = 0.063 m = 6.3 cm

Magnetism and matter class 12 solutions: Additional Exercise

5.16 Answer the following questions

(a). Why does a paramagnetic sample display greater magnetisation (for the same magnetising field) when cooled?

Answer:

At high temperatures, alignment of dipoles gets disturbed due to the random thermal motion of molecules in a paramagnetic sample. But when cooled, this random thermal motion reduces. Hence, a paramagnetic sample displays greater magnetization when cooled.

5.16 Answer the following questions

(b). Why is diamagnetism, in contrast, almost independent of temperature?

Answer:

The magnetism in a diamagnetic substance is due to induced dipole moment. So the random thermal motion of the atoms does not affect it which is dependent on temperature. Hence diamagnetism is almost independent of temperature.

5.16 Answer the following questions

(c). If a toroid uses bismuth for its core, will the field in the core be (slightly) greater or (slightly) less than when the core is empty?

Answer:

A toroid using bismuth for its core will have slightly greater magnetic field than a toroid with an empty core because bismuth is a diamagnetic substance.

5. 16 (d). Is the permeability of a ferromagnetic material independent of the magnetic field? If not, is it more for lower or higher fields?

Answer:

We know that the permeability of ferromagnetic materials is inversely proportional to the applied magnetic field. Therefore it is more for a lower field.

5. 16 (e). Magnetic field lines are always nearly normal to the surface of a ferromagnet at every point. (This fact is analogous to the static electric field lines being normal to the surface of a conductor at every point.) Why?

Answer:

Since the permeability of ferromagnetic material is always greater than one, the magnetic field lines are always nearly normal to the surface of ferromagnetic materials at every point.

5.16 (f). Would the maximum possible magnetisation of a paramagnetic sample be of the same order of magnitude as the magnetisation of a ferromagnet?

Answer:

Yes, the maximum possible magnetisation of a paramagnetic sample will be of the same order of magnitude as the magnetisation of a ferromagnet for very strong magnetic fields.

5.17 (a). Explain qualitatively on the basis of domain picture the irreversibility in the magnetisation curve of a ferromagnet.

Answer:

According to the graph between B (external magnetic field) and H (magnetic intensity) in ferromagnetic materials, magnetization persists even when the external field is removed. This shows the irreversibility of magnetization in a ferromagnet.

5.17 (b). The hysteresis loop of a soft iron piece has a much smaller area than that of a carbon steel piece. If the material is to go through repeated cycles of magnetisation, which piece will dissipate greater heat energy?

Answer:

Material that has a greater area of hysteresis loop will dissipate more heat energy. Hence after going through repeated cycles of magnetization, a carbon steel piece dissipates greater heat energy than a soft iron piece, as the carbon steel piece has a greater hysteresis curve area.

5.17 (c) ‘A system displaying a hysteresis loop such as a ferromagnet, is a device for storing memory?’ Explain the meaning of this statement.

Answer:

Ferromagnets have a record of memory of the magnetisation cycle. Hence it can be used to store memories.

5.17 (d). What kind of ferromagnetic material is used for coating magnetic tapes in a cassette player, or for building ‘memory stores’ in a modern computer?

Answer:

Ceramic, a ferromagnetic material is used for coating magnetic tapes in a cassette player, or for building ‘memory stores’ in a modern computer.

5.17(e). A certain region of space is to be shielded from magnetic fields. Suggest a method.

Answer:

The region can be surrounded by a coil made of soft iron to shield from magnetic fields.

5.18. A long straight horizontal cable carries a current of 2.5 A in the direction $10 \degree$ south of west to $10 \degree$ north of east. The magnetic meridian of the place happens to be $10 \degree$ west of the geographic meridian. The earth’s magnetic field at the location is 0.33 G, and the angle of dip is zero. Locate the line of neutral points (ignore the thickness of the cable)? (At neutral points, magnetic field due to a current-carrying cable is equal and opposite to the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field.)

Answer:

Given,

Current in the cable, I = 2.5 A

Earth’s magnetic field at the location, H = 0.33 G = 0.33 × 10 ^-4 T

The angle of dip, $\delta$ = 0

Let the distance of the line of the neutral point from the horizontal cable = r m.

The magnetic field at the neutral point due to current carrying cable is:

$H_{n} = \mu_{0}I/2\pi r$ ,

We know, Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field, $H_{E}$ = $Hcos$ $\delta$

Also, at neutral points, $H_{E}= H_n$

⇒ $Hcos$ $\delta$ = $\mu_{0}I/2\pi r$

1643697701109

$\Rightarrow r = 1.515 cm$

Required distance is 1.515 cm.

5.19 A telephone cable at a place has four long straight horizontal wires carrying a current of 1.0 A in the same direction east to west. The earth’s magnetic field at the place is 0.39 G, and the angle of dip is $35 \degree$ . The magnetic declination is nearly zero. What are the resultant magnetic fields at points 4.0 cm below the cable?

Answer:

Number of long straight horizontal wires = 4

The current carried by each wire = 1A

earth’s magnetic field at the place = 0.39 G

the angle of dip = 35 ⁰

magnetic field due to infinite current-carrying straight wire

$B'=\frac{\mu_0I}{2\pi r}$

r=4cm =0.04 m

$B'=\frac{4\pi\times10^{-7}\times1}{2\pi \times4\times10^{-2}}$

magnetic field due to such 4 wires

$B=4\times \frac{4\pi\times10^{-7}\times1}{2\pi \times4\times10^{-2}}=2\times10^{-5}T$

The horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field

$H=0.39\times10^{-4}cos35=0.319\times10^{-4}T=3.19\times10^{-5}T$

the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field

$V=0.39\times10^{-4}sin35=0.22\times10^{-4}T=2.2\times10^{-5}T$

At the point below the cable

$H'=H-B=3.19\times10^{-5}-2\times10^{-5}=1.19\times10^{-5}T$

The resulting field is

$\sqrt{H'^2+V^2}=\sqrt{(1.19\times10^{-5})^2+(2.2\times10^{-5})^2}=2.5\times10^{-5}T=0.25G$

5.20(a). A compass needle free to turn in a horizontal plane is placed at the centre of circular coil of 30 turns and radius 12 cm. The coil is in a vertical plane making an angle of 45 degree with the magnetic meridian. When the current in the coil is 0.35 A, the needle points west to east. Determine the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field at the location.

Answer:

Given,

Number of turns in the coil, n = 30

Radius of coil, r = 12cm = 0.12m

Current in the coil, I = 0.35A

The angle of dip, $\delta$ = 45 ^o

We know, Magnetic fields due to current carrying coils, B = $\mu_{0}nI/2r$

$B =$ $4\pi \times10^{-7}\times30\times0.35/2\times0.12$

$= 5.49 \times$ $10^{-5}$ $T$

Now, Horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field = Bsin $\delta$

$= 5.49 \times$ $10^{-5}$ $T$ $ï¿½ sin45^o$

$=$ $3.88\times$ $10^{-5}$ $T$ (Hint: Take sin45 ^o as 0.7)

$=0.388 G$

5.20 (b). A compass needle free to turn in a horizontal plane is placed at the centre of circular coil of 30 turns and radius 12 cm. The coil is in a vertical plane making an angle of $45 \degree$ with the magnetic meridian. When the current in the coil is 0.35 A, the needle points west to east. The current in the coil is reversed, and the coil is rotated about its vertical axis by an angle of $90 \degree$ in the anticlockwise sense looking from above. Predict the direction of the needle. Take the
magnetic declination at the places to be zero.

Answer:

When the current in the coil is reversed and the coil is rotated about its vertical axis by an angle of $90 \degree$ in the anticlockwise sense looking from above, then the needle will reverse its direction. The new direction will be from east to west.

5.21. A magnetic dipole is under the influence of two magnetic fields. The angle between the field directions is $60 \degree$ , and one of the fields has a magnitude of $1.2 \times 10 ^{-2}$ T. If the dipole comes to stable equilibrium at an angle of $15 \degree$ with this field, what is the magnitude of the other field?

Answer:

Given,

The magnitude of the first magnetic field, B ₁ = 1.2 × 10 ^–2 T

The angle between the magnetic field directions, $\theta$ = 60°

The angle between the dipole and the magnetic field $B_{1}$ is $\theta_{1}$ = 15°

Let B ₂ be the magnitude of the second magnetic field and M be the magnetic dipole moment

Therefore, the angle between the dipole and the magnetic field B ₂ is $\theta_{2}$ = $\theta - \theta_{1}$ = 45°

Now, at rotational equilibrium,

The torque due to field B ₁ = Torque due to field B ₂

$MB_{1}sin\theta_{1}= MB_{2}sin\theta_{2}$

$B_{2} = \frac{MB_{1}sin\theta_{1}}{Msin\theta_{2}} = \frac{1.2\times10^{-2}\times sin15\degree}{sin45\degree}$

$= 4.39 \times$ $10^{-3}$ $T$

Hence the magnitude of the second magnetic field $= 4.39 \times$ $10^{-3}$ $T$

5.22) A monoenergetic (18 keV) electron beam initially in the horizontal direction is subjected to a horizontal magnetic field of 0.04 G normal to the initial direction. Estimate the up or down deflection of the beam over a distance of 30 cm $(m_e = 9.11 \times 10 ^{-31} Kg )$ . [Note: Data in this exercise are so chosen that the answer will give you an idea of the effect of earth’s magnetic field on the motion of the electron beam from the electron gun to the screen in a TV set.]

Answer:

The energy of electron beam = 18 eV

We can write:-

$E\ =\ \frac{1}{2} mv^2$

so $v\ =\ \sqrt{\frac{2E}{M}}$

We are given horizontal magentic field : B = 0.40 G

Also, $Bev\ =\ \frac{mv^2}{r}$

We obtain, $r\ =\ \frac{1}{Be}\sqrt{2EM}$

or $r\ =\ 11.3\ m$

Using geometry, we can write:-

$\sin \Theta =\ \frac{x}{r} =\ \frac{0.3}{11.3}$

and $y\ =\ r-r \cos\Theta$

or $=\ r(1- \sqrt{1- \sin^2\Theta })$

or $y\ \approx \ 4mm$

5.23. A sample of paramagnetic salt contains $2.0 \times 10 ^{24}$ atomic dipoles each of dipole moment $1.5 \times 10 ^{-23} JT^{-1}$ The sample is placed under a homogeneous magnetic field of 0.64 T, and cooled to a temperature of 4.2 K. The degree of magnetic saturation achieved is equal to $15 \%$ . What is the total dipole moment of the sample for a magnetic field of 0.98 T and a temperature of 2.8 K? (Assume Curie’s law)

Answer:

Given,

Magnetic field, $B_{1}$ = 0.64 T

Temperature, $\theta_{1}$ = 4.2K

And, saturation = 15%

Hence, Effective dipole moment, $M_{1}$ = 15% of Total dipole moment

$M_{1}$ = 0.15 x (no. of atomic dipole × individual dipole moment)

$M_{1}$ = $0.15 \times 2 \times 10^{24} \times 1.5 \times 10^{-23}$ = 4.5 $JT^{-1}$

Now, Magnetic field, $B_{2}$ = 0.98 T and Temperature, $\theta_{2}$ = 2.8 K

Let $M_{2}$ be the new dipole moment_.

We know that according to Curie’s Law, $M\propto \frac{B}{\theta}$

∴ The ratio of magnetic dipole moments

$\\\frac{M_{2}}{M_{1}}= \frac{B_{2}\times \theta_{1}}{B_{1}\times \theta_{2}} \\ \implies M_{2}= \frac{B_{2}\times \theta_{1}}{B_{1}\times \theta_{1}}\times M_{1} \\\implies M_{2}= \frac{0.98T\times4.2K}{0.64T\times2.8K}\times 4.5 JT^{-1}$ $= 10.336$ $JT^{-1}$

Therefore, the total dipole moment of the sample for a magnetic field of 0.98 T and a temperature of 2.8 K = 10.336 $JT^{-1}$

5.24. A Rowland ring of mean radius 15 cm has 3500 turns of wire wound on a ferromagnetic core of relative permeability 800. What is the magnetic field B in the core for a magnetising current of 1.2 A?

Answer:

Given,

Radius of ring, r = 15cm = 0.15m

Number of turns in the ring, n = 3500

Relative permeability of the ferromagnetic core, $\mu_{r}$ = 800

Current in the Rowland ring, I = 1.2A

We know,

Magnetic Field due to a circular coil, B = $\frac{\mu_{r} \mu_{0}nI}{2\pi r}$

∴ B = $\frac{4\pi\times10^{-7}\times800\times3500\times1.2}{2\pi \times0.15}$ = 4.48T

Therefore, the magnetic field B in the core for a magnetising current is 4.48 T

5.25) The magnetic moment vectors $\mu _s$ and $\mu _l$ associated with the intrinsic spin angular momentum S and orbital angular momentum l, respectively, of an electron, are predicted by quantum theory (and verified experimentally to a high accuracy) to be given by:
$\mu _ s = - ( e / m ) S\\\\.\: \: \: \: \: \: \mu _l = - ( e / 2 m )l$

Which of these relations is in accordance with the result expected classically? Outline the derivation of the classical result.

Answer:

We know,

$\mu_{l} = -(\frac{e}{2m})l$

$\therefore \mu_{l} = -(\frac{e}{2m})l$ is in expected from classical physics.

Now, the magnetic moment associated with the orbital motion of the electron is:

₌ Current x Area covered by orbit = I x A

= $(\frac{e}{T})\pi r^2$

And, l = angular momentum = mvr

= $m(\frac{2\pi r}{T}) r$

(m is the mass of the electron having charge (-e), r is the radius of the orbit of by the electron around the nucleus and T is the time period.)

Dividing these two equations:

$\frac{\mu_{l}}{l} = -\frac{e}{T}\pi r^2\times \frac{T}{m\times2\pi r^2} = -\frac{e}{2m}$

$\mu_{l} = (-\frac{e}{2m})l$ , which is the same result predicted by quantum theory.

The negative sign implies that and l are anti-parallel.

NCERT solutions for class 12 physics chapter-wise

There are a total 14 chapters present in class 12 physics, Chapter-wise magnetism and matter class 12 solutions are listed below:

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Magnetism and Matter Class 12 NCERT Solutions: Important Formulas and Diagrams

Important formulas of ncert solutions class 12 magnetism and matter are given below:

Magnetic Field due to a Straight Current-Carrying Conductor

B = (μ₀ * I) / (2π * r)

Where: B is the magnetic field, μ₀ (mu-zero) is the permeability of free space, I is the current, and r is the distance from the conductor.

Magnetic Field due to a Circular Current Loop:

B = (μ₀ * I) / (2R)

Where: B is the magnetic field, μ₀ is the permeability of free space, I is the current, and R is the radius of the loop.

Magnetic Field due to a Solenoid:

B = μ₀ * n * I

Where: B is the magnetic field, μ₀ is the permeability of free space, n is the number of turns per unit length, and I is the current.

Magnetic Permeability (μ):

μ = (1 + χ) * μ₀

Where: μ is the permeability of the material, χ is the susceptibility, and μ₀ is the permeability of free space.

Magnetic Dipole Moment (μ):

μ = I * A

Where μ is the magnetic dipole moment, I is the current, and A is the area of the loop.

The comparisons of an electric dipole and magnetic dipole:

Terms	Magnetic	Electrostatic
Dipole moment	p	m
Equitorial field(short dipole)	-p/4πϵ₀r³	-μ₀m/4πr³
Axial field(short dipole)	2p/4πϵ₀r³	μ₀2m/4πr³
Torque in an external field	vector product of p and E	vector product of m and B
Energy(external field)	-p.E(dot product)	-m.B(dot product)

Gauss's law in magnetism is another important topic discussed in Physics Class 12 chapter 5.
Earth's magnetism- This section of NCERT Class 12 talks about earth magnetism and terms like declination, dip etc.
Topic on magnetisation and magnetising intensity, susceptibility etc are detailed in Class 12 NCERT Physics chapter 5 and the questions related to this are discussed in the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 5.
Magnetisation curve, magnetic properties of ferromagnetic, diamagnetic and paramagnetic materials and a comparison of permanent magnet and electromagnets are discussed in the chapter Magnetism and Matter.

Magnetism and Matter Class 12: Important Topics

The NCERT Chapter 5 Physics Class 12 Magnetism and Matter discuss bar magnets, magnetic materials and earth magnetism. To understand the NCERT solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 5, the following main topics are to be referred to with the help of the Class 12 NCERT book.

The bar magnet-This topic of ch5 Physics Class 12 give ideas on bar magnet, field due to bar magnet and give explanation and proof to show that bar magnet is an equivalent solenoid.
Dipole in a magnetic field- The next topic of chapter 5 Physics Class 12 is the dipole in a magnetic field, the time period of oscillations of the dipole, the potential energy of magnetic dipole and comparison of an electrostatic and magnetic dipole. Questions based on this are explained in magnetic properties of matter Class 12 solutions. The analogy is given below-

Key Features of magnetism and matter questions and answers

Comprehensive Coverage: The magnetism class 12 ncert solutions encompass all the important topics and concepts in the Class 12 Physics chapter "Magnetism and Matter."
Varied Difficulty Levels: Physics class 12 chapter 5 Questions range from basic to advanced, allowing students to practice and assess their understanding at different levels.
Detailed Explanations: class 12 magnetism and matter ncert solutions come with detailed explanations, helping students grasp the underlying principles and solving techniques.
Clarity and Simplicity: The magnetism and matter class 12 ncert solutions are presented in clear and simple language, making complex concepts more accessible.
Practice and Self-Assessment: These questions and answers provide ample opportunities for students to practice and evaluate their knowledge and problem-solving skills.
Exam Preparation: They are valuable resources for preparing for board exams and other competitive exams like JEE and NEET.
Foundation for Advanced Study: The concepts covered serve as the foundation for more advanced topics in physics and related fields.

These features make ncert solutions class 12 magnetism and matter an essential resource for students, aiding them in their studies and exam preparation.

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Solutions

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Mathematics Solutions

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics Solutions

Also Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here:

Subject Wise Solutions

Importance of NCERT solutions for class 12 physics chapter 5 magnetism and matter in exams:

In last year CBSE board Physics paper, 3 marks questions were asked from the class 12 chapter 5 physics ncert solutions. Solutions of NCERT Class 12 Physics is important for competitive exams like NEET and JEE Main also. If you combine chapters 3 and 4, maybe around 2-4 questions can come in the NEET exam and 2-3 questions can come in JEE mains exam. From the NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 5, you can get these marks in your pocket easily.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What are the main headings covered in the NCERT syllabus of Magnetism and Matter?

The heading covered in the chapter 5 of Class 12 NCERT Physics book are:

The bar-magnet
Magnetic field lines
Bar magnet as equivalent solenoid
Magnetic dipole
Electrostatic analog
Magnetism and Gauss's laws
Earth's magnetism
Magnetisation and magnetic intensity
Magnetic materials
Hysteresis curve
Electromagnet and Permanent magnet

2. Which material should I refer for more problems on CBSE Chapter Magnetism and Matter?

NCERT exemplar for Class 12 Physics provides problems on Magnetism and Matter. Also refer CBSE board previous year papers for a better score in the board exam.

Also Read

NCERT Class 12 Maths Notes - Download Chapter wise Free PDFs

NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 9 Notes Ray Optics and Optical Instruments - Download PDF

NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 8 Notes Electromagnetic Waves - Download PDF

NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 7 Notes Alternating Current - Download PDF

NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 6 Notes Electromagnetic Induction - Download PDF

NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 5 Notes Magnetism and Matter - Download PDF

NCERT Books for Class 12 - Download All Subjects PDFs Here

NCERT Solutions for Miscellaneous Exercise Chapter 7 Class 12 - Integrals

NCERT Solutions for Exercise 4.1 Class 11 Maths Chapter 4 - Principle of Mathematical Induction

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 Three Dimensional Geometry

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics Solutions Chapter 8 Electromagnetic Waves

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quartely question paper for mathematics cbse

Hello there! Thanks for reaching out to us at Careers360.

Ah, you're looking for CBSE quarterly question papers for mathematics, right? Those can be super helpful for exam prep.

Unfortunately, CBSE doesn't officially release quarterly papers - they mainly put out sample papers and previous years' board exam papers. But don't worry, there are still some good options to help you practice!

Have you checked out the CBSE sample papers on their official website? Those are usually pretty close to the actual exam format. You could also look into previous years' board exam papers - they're great for getting a feel for the types of questions that might come up.

If you're after more practice material, some textbook publishers release their own mock papers which can be useful too.

Let me know if you need any other tips for your math prep. Good luck with your studies!

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Jefferson 25 September,2024

i have taken admission in clg after my campartment exam in chemistry along with the neet 2025 preperation but unfortunately i again got campartment after doing all this preparation i got 15 marks only now I can't able to think what should I do next.

It's understandable to feel disheartened after facing a compartment exam, especially when you've invested significant effort. However, it's important to remember that setbacks are a part of life, and they can be opportunities for growth.

Possible steps:

Re-evaluate Your Study Strategies:
- Identify Weak Areas: Pinpoint the specific topics or concepts that caused difficulties.
- Seek Clarification: Reach out to teachers, tutors, or online resources for additional explanations.
- Practice Regularly: Consistent practice is key to mastering chemistry.
Consider Professional Help:
- Tutoring: A tutor can provide personalized guidance and support.
- Counseling: If you're feeling overwhelmed or unsure about your path, counseling can help.
Explore Alternative Options:
- Retake the Exam: If you're confident in your ability to improve, consider retaking the chemistry compartment exam.
- Change Course: If you're not interested in pursuing chemistry further, explore other academic options that align with your interests.
Focus on NEET 2025 Preparation:
- Stay Dedicated: Continue your NEET preparation with renewed determination.
- Utilize Resources: Make use of study materials, online courses, and mock tests.
Seek Support:
- Talk to Friends and Family: Sharing your feelings can provide comfort and encouragement.
- Join Study Groups: Collaborating with peers can create a supportive learning environment.

Remember: This is a temporary setback. With the right approach and perseverance, you can overcome this challenge and achieve your goals.

I hope this information helps you.

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Kanishka kaushikii 17 September,2024

i scored 84 percent in cbse 2 years ago.Am i eligible for medhavi scholarship if give 12th again after 2 drop years and will got 75+ in mpboard

Hi,

Qualifications:
Age: As of the last registration date, you must be between the ages of 16 and 40.
Qualification: You must have graduated from an accredited board or at least passed the tenth grade. Higher qualifications are also accepted, such as a diploma, postgraduate degree, graduation, or 11th or 12th grade.
How to Apply:
Get the Medhavi app by visiting the Google Play Store.
Register: In the app, create an account.
Examine Notification: Examine the comprehensive notification on the scholarship examination.
Sign up to Take the Test: Finish the app's registration process.
Examine: The Medhavi app allows you to take the exam from the comfort of your home.
Get Results: In just two days, the results are made public.
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Get Scholarship: Following a successful verification process, the scholarship will be given. You need to have at least passed the 10th grade/matriculation scholarship amount will be transferred directly to your bank account.

Scholarship Details:

Type A: For candidates scoring 60% or above in the exam.

Type B: For candidates scoring between 50% and 60%.

Type C: For candidates scoring between 40% and 50%.

Cash Scholarship:

Scholarships can range from Rs. 2,000 to Rs. 18,000 per month, depending on the marks obtained and the type of scholarship exam (SAKSHAM, SWABHIMAN, SAMADHAN, etc.).

Since you already have a 12th grade qualification with 84%, you meet the qualification criteria and are eligible to apply for the Medhavi Scholarship exam. Make sure to prepare well for the exam to maximize your chances of receiving a higher scholarship.

Hope you find this useful!

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Yuvan 30 August,2024

i upload 12th board result screenshot in ncweb form from the cbse site so it is valid

hello mahima,

If you have uploaded screenshot of your 12th board result taken from CBSE official website,there won,t be a problem with that.If the screenshot that you have uploaded is clear and legible. It should display your name, roll number, marks obtained, and any other relevant details in a readable forma.ALSO, the screenshot clearly show it is from the official CBSE results portal.

hope this helps.

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Ashvadha 12 July,2024

Kya mujhe class 12 ka important question milega jo exam mai per year puche jate hai

Hello Akash,

If you are looking for important questions of class 12th then I would like to suggest you to go with previous year questions of that particular board. You can go with last 5-10 years of PYQs so and after going through all the questions you will have a clear idea about the type and level of questions that are being asked and it will help you to boost your class 12th board preparation.

You can get the Previous Year Questions (PYQs) on the official website of the respective board.

I hope this answer helps you. If you have more queries then feel free to share your questions with us we will be happy to assist you.

Thank you and wishing you all the best for your bright future.

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kumardurgesh1802 10 July,2024

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Central Board of Secondary Education Class 12th Examination

JEE Test Series

Applications Open

Option 1) $0.34\; J$	Option 2) $0.16\; J$
Option 3) $1.00\; J$	Option 4) $0.67\; J$

Option 1) $2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J$	Option 2) $200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J$
Option 3) $2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J$	Option 4) $20,000 \, \, J - 50,000 \, \, J$

Option 1) $K/2\,$	Option 2) $\; K\;$
Option 3) $zero\;$	Option 4) $K/4$

Option 1) $11.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}$ at STP is produced for every mole $HCL_{(aq)}$ consumed	Option 2) $6L\, HCl_{(aq)}$ is consumed for ever $3L\, H_{2(g)}$ produced
Option 3) $33.6 L\, H_{2(g)}$ is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts	Option 4) $67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}$ at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .

Option 1) 0.02	Option 2) 3.125 × 10^-2
Option 3) 1.25 × 10^-2	Option 4) 2.5 × 10^-2

Option 1) decrease twice	Option 2) increase two fold
Option 3) remain unchanged	Option 4) be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.

Option 1) Molality	Option 2) Weight fraction of solute
Option 3) Fraction of solute present in water	Option 4) Mole fraction.

Option 1) twice that in 60 g carbon	Option 2) 6.023 × 10²²
Option 3) half that in 8 g He	Option 4) 558.5 × 6.023 × 10²³

Option 1) less than 3	Option 2) more than 3 but less than 6
Option 3) more than 6 but less than 9	Option 4) more than 9

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 5 Magnetism and Matter

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 5 – Access and Download Free PDF

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