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    NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 13 Amines

    Edited By Vishal kumar | Updated on Mar 06, 2023 11:54 AM IST | #CBSE Class 12th

    NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 13 Amines - You will find amines ncert solutions class 12 one of the important organic molecules which are present in proteins, vitamins, and hormones, etc. In Amines Class 12 chapter, you will deal with organic compounds of amines and learn about amines and diazonium salts. You may also have some doubts which can be resolved by going through NCERT solutions for Class 12 Chemistry chapter 13 Amines. Amines are also considered as derivatives of ammonia.

    Also Read

    In Amines Class 12 NCERT chapter, there are 14 questions in the exercise. The NCERT solutions for class 12 chemistry chapter 13 Amines are prepared in a very detailed manner which has all the answers to questions. Chemistry chapter 13 Amines holds four marks in the class 12 CBSE board exam. These amines class 12 ncert solutions help students in their preparation of Cclass 12 CBSE Board exam as well as various competitive exams like JEE Mains, NEET, etc. Scroll down to get NCERT solutions for Amines Class 12. By referring to the NCERT solutions for class 12 , students can understand all the important concepts and practice questions well enough before their examination.

    NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 13 Amines- Exercise Questions

    Solutions to In-Text Questions Ex 13.1 to 13.9

    Question 13.1 Classify the following amines as primary, secondary or tertiary:

    (i) 1596565119000

    Answer :

    1596565129561

    N atom is directly connected with only one C atom, so it is a primary aromatic amine


    Question 13.1 Classify the following amines as primary, secondary or tertiary:

    (ii) 1596565162027

    Answer :

    1596565172867

    In this compound N atom directly connected with 3 carbon atoms. So, it is a tertiary aromatic amine


    Question 13.1 Classify the following amines as primary, secondary or tertiary:

    (iii) (C_{2}H_{5})_{2}CHNH_{2}

    Answer :

    (C_{2}H_{5})_{2}CHNH_{2}

    1596565186466

    Here N atom directly connected with only one C atom. So it is a primary aliphatic amine.


    Question 13.1 Classify the following amines as primary, secondary or tertiary:

    (iv) (C_{2}H_{5})_{2}NH

    Answer :

    (C_{2}H_{5})_{2}NH

    1596565203549

    In structure, we can clearly see that N is directly connected with 2 carbon atom. so, it is a secondary amine.


    Question 13.2 (i) Write structures of different isomeric amines corresponding to the molecular formula,

    C_{4}H_{11}N

    Answer :

    different isomeric amines corresponding to the molecular formula, C_{4}H_{11}N

    (i ) CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}CH_{2}NH_{2} (v) CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}CH_{2}NHCH_{3}

    (ii) 1596565271605 (vi) 1596565310726

    (iii) 15965652899201596565287342 (vii) 1596565320554

    (iv) 1596565299578 (viii) 1596565330072

    Question 13.2 (ii) Write IUPAC names of all the isomers.

    Answer :

    IUPAC name of all the isomers-

    CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}CH_{2}NH_{2}
    Butanamine
    1596565343843
    Butan-2-amine
    1596565354127
    2-Methylpropanamine
    1596565403591
    N-Methylpropan-2-amine
    15965667409511596566738556
    2-Methylpropan-2-amine
    1596565414687
    N,N-Dimethylethanamine
    CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}CH_{2}NHCH_{3}
    N-Methylpropanamine
    1596565424603
    N-Ethylethanamine


    Question 13.2(iii) What type of isomerism is exhibited by different pairs of amines?

    Answer :


    CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}CH_{2}NH_{2}
    Butanamine
    (Chain isomerism + position isomerism)
    1596565439230
    Butan-2-amine
    (chain isomerism + position isomerism)
    1596565448437
    2-Methylpropanamine
    (chain isomerism)
    1596565458211
    N-Methylpropan-2-amine
    (position isomerism + metamerism)
    1596565467597
    2-Methylpropan-2-amine
    (chain isomerism)
    1596565490077
    N,N-Dimethylethanamine
    CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}CH_{2}NHCH_{3}
    N-Methylpropanamine
    (position isomerism)
    1596565505529
    N-Ethylethanamine
    (no isomerism)


    Question 13.3(i) How will you convert

    Benzene into aniline

    Answer :

    1596565516861

    Nitration of benzene gives nitrobenzene. And now reduce the nitro group by catalytic hydrogenation.


    Question 13.3(ii) How will you convert

    Benzene into N, N-dimethylaniline

    Answer :

    1596565527611

    Nitration of benzene gives nitrobenzene and after catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene, it gives aniline. Aniline on reacting with two moles of chloromethane to form N, N-dimethylaniline.


    Question 13.3(iii) How will you convert

    Cl-(CH_{2})_{4}-Cl into hexan-1 , 6-diamine?

    Answer :

    1596565536567

    ON reacting the given reactant with ethanolic sodium cyanide, the CN molecules replace both chlorine atom. And after that catalytic hydrogenation, we get our desired product. (reduce the CN to -CH_{2}NH_{2} in both sides)

    Question 13.4(i) Arrange the following in increasing order of their basic strength:

    C_{2}H_{5}NH_{2}, C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}, NH_{3}, C_{6}H_{5}CH_{2}NH_{2} and (C_{2}H_{5})_{2}NH

    Answer :

    Considering the inductive effect, solvation effect and steric hindrance of the alkyl group which decides the basic strength of alkylamines. order of basic strength in ethyl substituted amine is-

    NH_{3}<C_{2}H_{5}NH_{2}<(C_{2}H_{5})_{2}NH

    and order in benzene substituted ring-

    C_{6}H_{5}NH{2}<C_{6}H_{5}CH_{2}NH_{2}

    Due to the -R effect of benzene C_{6}H_{5}NH{2} has less electron density than ammonia. So, the final order is -

    C_{6}H_{5}NH{2}<NH_{3}<C_{6}H_{5}CH_{2}NH_{2}<C_{2}H_{5}NH_{2}<(C_{2}H_{5})_{2}NH

    Question 13.4(ii) Arrange the following in increasing order of their basic strength:

    C_{2}H_{5}NH_{2}, (C_{2}H_{5})_{2}NH, (C_{2}H_{5})_{3}N, C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}

    Answer :

    C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}<C_{2}H_{5}NH_{2}<(C_{2}H_{5})_{3}N<(C_{2}H_{5})_{2}NH

    On considering the inductive effect, solvation effect and steric hindrance of the alkyl group the increasing order of basicity in ethyl as a substituted group is shown above.

    Question 13.4(iii) Arrange the following in increasing order of their basic strength:

    (iii) CH_{3}NH_{2}, (CH_{3})_{2}NH, (CH_{3})_{3}N, C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}, C_{6}H_{5}CH_{2}NH_{2}.

    Answer :

    On considering the inductive effect, solvation effect and steric hindrance of the alkyl group which decides the basic strength of alkyl amines in the aqueous state. The order of basic strength in case of methyl substituted amines are -

    C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}<C_{6}H_{5}CH_{2}NH_{2}<(CH_{3})_{3}N<CH_{3}NH_{2}<(CH_{3})_{2}NH

    Question 13.5(i) Complete the following acid-base reactions and name the products:

    CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}NH_{2}+HCl\rightarrow

    Answer :

    The above-given reaction is an acid-base reaction. so salt is formed.

    CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}NH_{2}+HCl\rightarrow CH_{3}(CH_{2})_{2}NH_{3}^{+}Cl^{-}

    1596565551481

    Question 13.5(ii) Complete the following acid-base reactions and name the products:

    (C_{2}H_{5})_{3}N+HCl\rightarrow

    Answer :

    (C_{2}H_{5})_{3}N+HCl\rightarrow (C_{2}H_{5})_{3}N^{+}HCl^{-}

    It is an acid-base reaction, so the N will accept H from HCl and form a salt.

    1596565560887

    Question 13.6 Write reactions of the final alkylation product of aniline with excess of methyl iodide in the presence of sodium carbonate solution.

    Answer :

    The methyl iodide reacts with aniline to give N, N-dimethylaniline.

    1596565570028 With the excess of methyl iodide in the presence of sodium carbonate solution ( Na_{2}CO_{3} ), N, N-dimethylaniline produces N, N, N-trimethyl anilinium carbonate.
    1596565579864

    Question 13.7 Write chemical reaction of aniline with benzoyl chloride and write the name of the product obtained.

    Answer :

    When aniline reacts with benzoyl chloride HCl is produced as a by-product and N-phenyl benzamide is produced as a major product.
    lone pair of N atom attacks the acidic carbon of benzoyl chloride.

    1596565588671

    Question 13.8 Write structures of different isomers corresponding to the molecular formula, C_{3}H_{9}N. Write IUPAC names of the isomers which will liberate nitrogen gas on treatment with nitrous acid.

    Answer :

    structures of different isomers corresponding to the molecular formula C_{3}H_{9}N and their IUPAC name-

    (i)
    1596565598336
    Propan-1-amine

    (ii)
    1596565606603
    Propan-2-amine

    (iii)
    1596565615299
    N – Methylethanamine
    (iv)
    1596565622752
    N, N-Dimethylmethanamine


    The structure (i) and (ii) will liberate nitrogen gas ( N_{2} ) on treating with nitrous acid.


    Question 13.9(i) Convert

    3-Methylaniline into 3-nitrotoluene

    Answer :

    1596565637949

    On diazotisation, reaction NH_{2} will convert to N_{2}Cl . And then reacts with fluoroboric acid followed by NaNO_{2}/Cu/\Delta convert N_{2}Cl into the nitro group ( -NO_{2} ) and evolution of dinitrogen gas.

    Question 13.9(ii) Convert

    Aniline into 1,3,5 - tribromobenzene.

    Answer :

    1596565649772 Aniline on bromination in the presence of water gives 2,4,6 tribromoaniline, which on further reacting with nitrous acid converts NH_{2} into N_{2}Cl . Now, with the help of H_{3}PO_{2}/water it removes the N_{2}Cl group from the benzene ring and we get our final product 1,3,5 tribromobenzene.

    NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 13 Amines- Exercise Questions

    Question 13.1 Write IUPAC names of the following compounds and classify them into primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

    (i) (CH_{3})_{2}CHNH_{2}

    Answer :

    The IUPAC name of the compound is 1-methylethanamine.

    since N (nitrogen ) is connected to only one carbon. Hence it is a primary amine.

    1596565661754

    structure of the compound (CH_{3})_{2}CHNH_{2}

    Question 13.1(ii) Write IUPAC names of the following compounds and classify them into primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

    CH_{3}(CH_{2})_{2}NH_{2}

    Answer :

    IUPAC name is Propan-1-amine

    It is a primary amine (nitrogen connects with only one carbon atom)

    Here is the structure of the compound CH_{3}(CH_{2})_{2}NH_{2} -

    1596565672365

    Question 13.1 (iii) Write IUPAC names of the following compounds and classify them into primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

    CH_{3}NHCH(CH_{3})_{2}

    Answer :

    CH_{3}NHCH(CH_{3})_{2}

    N-Methyl-2-methylethanamine

    since N atom is connected with two C atom, So it is a two-degree amine

    Question 13.1(iv) Write IUPAC names of the following compounds and classify them into primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

    (CH_{3})_{3}CNH_{2}

    Answer :

    (CH_{3})_{3}CNH_{2}

    2-Methylpropane-2-amine

    It is a one-degree amine

    1596565682994

    Question 13.1(v) Write IUPAC names of the following compounds and classify them into primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

    C_{6}H_{5}NHCH_{3}

    Answer :

    C_{6}H_{5}NHCH_{3}

    N-Methylbenzamine or N-methylaniline

    Here N atom is connected with two C atom. So, it is a secondary amine.

    1596565693795

    Question 13.1(vi) Write IUPAC names of the following compounds and classify them into primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

    (CH_{3}CH_{2})_{2}NCH_{3}

    Answer:

    (CH_{3}CH_{2})_{2}NCH_{3}

    N-Ethyl-N-methylethanamine

    1596565707700

    N is connected with three carbon atom so that it is a tertiary amine

    Question 13.1(vii) Write IUPAC names of the following compounds and classify them into primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

    m-BrC_{6}H_{4}NH_{2}

    Answer :

    m-BrC_{6}H_{4}NH_{2}
    3-bromoaniline or 3-bromobenzenamine

    It is a primary amine

    1596565717107

    Question 13.2 Give one chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.

    (i) Methylamine and dimethylamine

    Answer :

    Carbylamine test

    This test is used to distinguish between aliphatic and aromatic primary amines on heating with chloroform (CHCl_{3}) and potassium hydroxide ( KOH ) gives isocyanides or carbylamines which has foul smelling. two degree and 3-degree amines do not show this reaction.

    Here methylamine is primary and dimethylamine is a secondary amine.

    1596565730642

    first one is 1-degree and second one is 2-degree

    Question 13.2 Give one chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.

    (ii) Secondary and tertiary amines

    Answer :

    Secondary and tertiary amines can be distinguished by reacting them with Hinsberg's reagent which is also called benzenesulphonyl chloride. (C_{6}H_{5}SO_{2}Cl) In the case of primary amine the product is soluble in alkali but not in secondary amine case. And tertiary amine does not react with this reagent.

    In the case of a secondary amine

    1596565740393

    Tertiary amine + benzenesulphonyl chloride \rightarrow no reaction

    Question 13.2 Give one chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.

    (iii) Ethylamine and aniline

    Answer :

    Ethylamine and aniline can be differentiated by the azo-dye test. On reacting with (NaNO_{2}+dil.HCl) and followed by 2-naphthol gives a colored product. But when it is ethylamine it gives brisk effervescence due to the evolution of N_{2} gas under the same conditions.

    Question 13.2 Give one chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.

    (iv) Aniline and benzylamine

    Answer :

    Benzylamine reacts with nitrous acid to form diazonium salt, which is unstable and also gives alcohol with the evolution of nitrogen gas. On the other hand, aniline reacts with nitrous acid to form a stable diazonium salt.

    Question 13.2 Give one chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.

    (v) Aniline and N-methylaniline.

    Answer :

    Aniline and N-methylaniline both can be distinguished by carbylamine test. aniline is the primary aromatic compound so it gives s positive test but N-methyl aniline is secondary and does not give this test.

    structure of both compound-

    1596565751583 primary aromatic amine secondary aromatic amine
    13.2 Give one chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds. (v) Aniline and N-methylaniline.
    Edit Q

    Question 13.3 Account for the following:

    (i) pKb of aniline is more than that of methylamine..

    Answer :

    Here is the structure of aniline and methylamine

    1596565760265

    Due to the resonance in aniline the electrons of nitrogen atoms delocalised over benzene ring. So, because of that, the electron density at N atom decreases and less available for donation.

    1596565770185 On the other hand, In the case of methylamine, the methyl ( CH_{3} ) group is electron donating group (+I effect) which increase the electron density at N atom. Hence pK_{b} value of aniline is higher than that of methylamine.

    Question 13.3 Account for the following:

    (ii) Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not.

    Answer:

    1596565779599 R = C_{2}H_{5}

    The extent oh intermolecular hydrogen bonding in ethylamine is very high. Hence it is soluble in water. But aniline does not undergo hydrogen bonding with water to a large extent due to the presence of a bulky hydrophobic group (C_{6}H_{6}) . Hence it is insoluble in water.

    Question 13.3 Account for the following:

    (iii) Methylamine in water reacts with ferric chloride to precipitate hydrated ferric oxide.

    Answer :

    1596565789474

    Due to +I effect of methyl ( CH_{3} ) group methylamine is more basic than water. So in water CH_{3}NH_{2} produces hydroxide ion by accepting H^{+} ions from water.

    CH_{3}NH_{2}+H_{2}O\rightarrow CH_{3}N^{+}H_{3}+OH^{-}

    Ferric chloride ( FeCl_{3} ) dissociates in water into- FeCl_{3}\rightarrow Fe^{3+}+3Cl^{-} The hydroxide ion ( OH^{-} ) react with Fe^{3+} and form a precipitate of Fe(OH)_{3} (reddish brown ppt) Fe^{3+}+3OH^{-}\rightarrow Fe(OH)_{3}

    Question 13.3 Account for the following:

    (iv) Although amino group is o– and p– directing in aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions,aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m- nitroaniline.

    Answer :

    Nitration is carried out in strongly acidic medium, aniline is protonated to form the anilinium ion which is meta directing. Because of this reason, aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of meta - nitroaniline 1596565798623 1596565806109

    Question 13.3 Account for the following:

    (v) Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.

    Answer :

    In fridal craft reaction, we use AlCl_{3} which is acidic in nature and aniline is also a show basic nature. Thus there is an acid-base reaction between them and form a salt.

    1596565815066

    Due to the positive charge on the N-atom. the electrophilic substitution in benzene ring is deactivated.

    Question 13.3 Account for the following:

    (vi) Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of aliphatic amines.

    Answer :

    In diazonium salt, the structure goes under resonance due to which the dispersal of positive charge is more and we know that higher is the resonance higher is the stability. Therefore diazonium salt of aromatic amines is more stable than those of aliphatic amines.

    1596565822279

    Question 13.3 Account for the following:

    (vii) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is preferred for synthesising primary amines.

    Answer :

    Gabriel synthesis is used for primary amines. secondary and tertiary amines are not formed by this method. So, therefore to obtain pure and only 1-degree amine Gabriel phthalimide reaction is preferred.

    Question 13.4 Arrange the following:

    (i) In decreasing order of the pKb values:

    C_{2}H_{5}NH_{2}, C_{6}H_{5}NHCH_{3}, (C_{2}H_{5})_{2}NH and C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}

    Answer :

    C_{2}H_{5}NH_{2}, and (C_{2}H_{5})_{2}NH are aliphatic amines so they are more basic than rest two compound. In ethylamine, there is only one electron donating group (+I effect) but in diethylamine, there is two electron donating group so the electron density is much higher than ethylamine.

    In between C_{6}H_{5}NHCH_{3}, and C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2} they are the weak base because of delocalisation of lone pair electron in the benzene ring. Aniline is less basic than N-methylaniline( C_{6}H_{5}NHCH_{3}, ) due to the absence of an electron donating group. Thus the decreasing order of pKb values is-

    C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}>C_{6}H_{5}NHCH_{3}>C_{2}H_{5}NH_{2}>(C_{2}H_{5})_{2}NH

    Question 13.4 Arrange the following:

    (ii) In increasing order of basic strength:

    C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}, C_{6}H_{5}N(CH_{3})_{2}, (C_{2}H_{5})_{2}NH and CH_{3}NH

    Answer :

    The increasing order of basic strength-

    C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}<C_{6}H_{5}N(C_{2}H_{5})_{2}<CH_{3}NH_{2}<(C_{2}H_{5})_{2}NH

    Aliphatic amines are more basic than aromatic amines due to the presence of high electron density of electron at N atom so that it can donate an electron. On the other hand in aromatic amines the lone pair of electron delocalised in the benzene ring so the availability of electron is less.

    (C_{2}H_{5})_{2}NH is more basic because of +I effect of the two ethyl group (so electron density is highest in this compound) while methylamine has one ethyl group. In aromatic amines, diethylaniline is more basic due to the presence of more number of electron donating group.

    Question 13.4 Arrange the following:

    (iii) In increasing order of basic strength:

    (a) Aniline, p-nitroaniline and p-toluidine

    Answer :

    Structure of the following compounds-

    1596565835752 Aniline, p-nitroaniline p-toluidine

    In p-toluidine, the methyl group increases the electron density at the N atom (+I effect of methyl), so it is more basic than aniline. In p-nitroaniline, the nitro group is an electron withdrawing group, so it decreases the electron density from N atom, so it is less basic than aniline.

    Question 13.4 Arrange the following:

    (iii) In increasing order of basic strength:

    (b) C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}, C_{6}H_{5}NHCH_{3}, C_{6}H_{5}CH_{2}NH_{2}.

    Answer :

    The increasing order of basic strength- C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}<C_{6}H_{5}NHCH_{3}<C_{6}H_{5}CH_{2}NH_{2}

    C_{6}H_{5}NHCH_{3}, it is more basic than aniline due to the presence of one electron donating group which increases the electron density at N atom. And also in this compound N atom is directly attached with the benzene ring, so due to -R effect C_{6}H_{5}NHCH_{3}, is less basic than C_{6}H_{5}CH_{2}NH_{2}.

    Question 13.4 Arrange the following:

    (iv) In decreasing order of basic strength in gas phase:

    C_{2}H_{5}NH_{2}, (C_{2}H_{5})_{2}NH, (C_{2}H_{5})_{3}N, and NH_{3}

    Answer :

    Decreasing order of basic strength in the gas phase-

    (C_{2}H_{5})_{3}N>(C_{2}H_{5})_{2}NH>C_{2}H_{5}NH_{2}>NH_{3}

    In the gas phase, there is no solvation effect. So, the basicity directly depends on the number of electron donation group. More is the electron donating group, higher is the +I effect and if the size of the donating group is large +I effect should also high.

    Question 13.4 Arrange the following:

    (v) In increasing order of boiling point:

    C_{2}H_{5}OH, (CH_{3})_{2}NH, C_{2}H_{5}NH_{2}

    Answer :

    The boiling point of the compounds depends on the extent of hydrogen bonding of the compound. More is the extent; higher is the boiling point. C_{2}H_{5}NH_{2} , it contains two H atoms, so it has a higher boiling point than (CH_{3})_{2}NH, . On the other hand, Oxygen atom is more electronegative than N atom, so the strength of hydrogen bonding is higher in C_{2}H_{5}OH, than C_{2}H_{5}OH,

    THus the increasing order of boiling point is-

    (C_{2}H_{5})_{2}NH<C_{2}H_{5}NH_{2}<C_{2}H_{5}OH

    Question 13.4 Arrange the following:

    (vi) In increasing order of solubility in water:

    C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}, (C_{2}H_{5})_{2}NH, C_{2}H_{5}NH_{2}.

    Answer :

    More extensive is the hydrogen bonding, more is the solubility in water. C_{2}H_{5}NH_{2}. contains two H atom while (C_{2}H_{5})_{2}NH, contains only one. So, the C_{2}H_{5}NH_{2}. undergoes extensive hydrogen bonding. Hence its solubility is more than (C_{2}H_{5})_{2}NH, in water. On increasing the molecular mass of amines decreases its solubility in water because of an increase in bulky hydrophobic groups.

    Thus the increasing order of solubility in water is-

    C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2<}(C_{2}H_{5})NH<C_{2}H_{5}NH_{2}

    Question 13.5 How will you convert:

    (i) Ethanoic acid into methanamine

    Answer :

    Ethanoic acid on reacting with SOCl_{2} replaces the OH by Cl and then reacts it with an excess of ammonia molecule to produce methanamide ( CH_{3}CONH_{2} ) which by Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction gives us desired product (methenamine)

    \\CH_{3}COOH+SOCl_{2}\rightarrow CH_{3}COCl\overset{NH_{3}(excess)}{\rightarrow}CH_{3}CONH_{2} \overset{Br_{2}+KOH}{\rightarrow}CH_{3}NH_{2}


    Question 13.5 How will you convert:

    (ii) Hexanenitrile into 1-aminopentane

    Answer :

    First, acid hydrolysis of hexanenitrile which convert CN group into COOH group and then react with SOCl_{2} which replace COOH by COCl and then the excess of ammonia which replace Cl by NH_{2} and then Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction which gives us desired product.

    1596565852749

    Question 13.5 How will you convert:

    (iii) Methanol to ethanoic acid

    Answer :

    methanol on reacting with phosphorous pentachloride, OH is reduced by Cl to form chloromethane, which on reacting with ethanolic sodium cyanide gives CH_{3}CN followed by acidic hydrolysis it produces ethanoic acid.( CH_{3}COOH )

    1596565860357

    Question 13.5 How will you convert:

    (iv) Ethanamine into methanamine

    Answer :

    1596565867668

    React ethanamine with nitrous acid to form an azo compound, which further reacts with water to form ethanol, which on oxidising gives ethanoic acid. After treating with an excess of ammonia the ethanoic acid becomes ethanamide, which on further reacting with Bomine and a strong base (Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction) to form methenamine.

    Question 13.5 How will you convert:

    (v) Ethanoic acid into propanoic acid

    Answer :

    1596565875265

    Acetic acid on reduction with lithium aluminium hydride followed by acid hydrolysis gives ethanol, which on reacting with PCl_{5} gives ethyl chloride. Ethyl chloride on further reacting with ethanolic sodium cyanide to form propanenitrile, which on acidic hydrolysis gives the desired output.

    Question 13.5 How will you convert:

    (vi) Methanamine into ethanamine

    Answer :

    1596565882589

    Methenamine on diazotisation gives methane diazonium salt, which on further hydrolysis form methanol. Methanol on reacting with PCl_{5} followed by ethanolic sodium cyanide ( NaCN ) produces Ethane nitrile, which on reduction with H_{2}/Pd gives ethenamine.

    Question 13.5 How will you convert:

    (vii) Nitromethane into dimethylamine

    Answer :

    Conversion of Nitromethane into dimethylamine is shown below:

    (Nitromethane)CH_{3}NO_{2} \xrightarrow[H]{Sn/HCL} (Aminomethane)CH_{3}NH_{2} \overset{CHCl_{3}/KOH}{\rightarrow}\\ (Methyl\ isocyanide)CH_{3}NC \xrightarrow [H]{Na/C_{2}H_{5}OH}(Dimethylamine)CH_{3}NHCH_{3}

    Question 13.5 How will you convert:

    (viii) Propanoic acid into ethanoic acid?

    Answer :

    15965658961171596565893163

    Propanoic acid on reacting with an excess of ammonia gives propanamide which on further react with bromine and potassium hydroxide (Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction) gives ethenamine. On diazotisation, ethenamine converted into azo salt which on treating with water forms ethanol. Ethanol on oxidation provides ethanoic acid.

    Question 13.6 Describe a method for the identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Also write chemical equations of the reactions involved.

    Answer :

    Primary, secondary and tertiary amines are distinguished by the Hinsberg's reagent test. In this test, the amines are allowing to react with benzene sulphonyl chloride(Hinsberg's reagent). All three types of amines give different products.

    1.Primary amine reacts with benzene sulphonyl chloride (C_{6}H_{5}SO_{2}Cl) gives N-ethylbenzene sulphonamide which is soluble in alkali.

    1596566276020

    2. when secondary amines react it gives N, N-diethyl benzene sulphonamide which is insoluble in alkali.

    1596566321487

    3. Tertiary amine does not react with Hinsberg's reagent.

    Question 13.7 Write short notes on the following:

    (i) Carbylamine reaction

    Answer :

    Carbylamine reaction-

    Aliphatic and aromatic primary amines on reacting with chloroform and ethanolic KOH form isocyanides or carbylamine which is foul smelling substance. Secondary and tertiary amine does not give this reaction. This reaction is known as carbylamine reaction or isocyanide test. It is used to distinguish primary amine.

    R-NH_{2}+CHCl_{3}+KOH\xrightarrow[heat]{^\Delta }R-NC+3KCl+3H_{2}O

    Question 13.7 Write short notes on the following:

    (ii) Diazotisation

    Answer :

    DIAZOTISATION-

    Aromatic primary amines react with nitrous acid ( NaNO_{2}+2HCl )at low temperature to form diazonium salts. This conversion of aromatic primary amines into diazonium salt is known as diazotisation.

    C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}+NaNO_{2}+2HCl\overset{273-278K}{\rightarrow}C_{6}H_{5}N^{+}_{2}Cl^{-}+NaCl+2H_{2}O

    159656591593115965659104261596565908811

    Question 13.7 Write short notes on the following:

    (iii) Hofmann’s bromamide reaction

    Answer :

    Hofmann’s bromamide reaction-
    When an amide is treated with bromine in aqueous solution or ethanolic solution of sodium hydroxide. It produces primary amines with one less carbon atom than the parent compound. This reaction is known as the Hoffmann bromide degradation reaction.
    1596566544782 R = alkyl group like CH_{3},C_{2}H_{5}....etc

    Question 13.7 Write short notes on the following:

    (iv) Coupling reaction

    Answer :

    Coupling reaction-
    The reaction of joining of diazonium salt to the aromatic ring (like phenol) through -N=N- bond is known ass coupling reaction. Benzene diazonium chloride reacts with phenol in which the phenol molecule at its para position is coupled with the diazonium salt( C_{6}H_{5}N^{+}_{2}Cl^{-} ) to give p-hydroxyazobenzene(orange in colour)

    Reactions-

    1596566555567 diazonium salt reacts with aniline to give p-aminoazobenzene (yellow colour)

    Question 13.7 Write short notes on the following:

    (v) Ammonolysis

    Answer :

    Ammonolysis-
    When an alkyl or benzyl halide is going to react with the solution of ammonia(an ethanolic) undergoes nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the halogen atom is replaced by an amino ( -NH_{2} ) group. This process of cleavage of the carbon-halogen(C-X) bond by ammonia molecule is known as ammonolysis.

    1596566372072 When this substituted ammonium salt is treated with a strong base it gives primary amine
    RN^{+}H_{3}X^{-}+NaOH\rightarrow R-NH_{2}+H_{2}O+NaX

    • Above primary amine is behaves as a nucleophile and can further react with an alkyl halide to form secondary and tertiary amines and finally quaternary ammonium salt.
    • 1596566366031

    Question 13.7 Write short notes on the following:

    (vi) Acetylation

    Answer :

    Acetylation-
    The introduction of an acetyl group ( CH_{3}CO )in a molecule is known as acetylation.
    15965659374211596565935331

    Example-

    1596566385638 Aliphatic and aromatic primary and secondary amines undergo acetylation reaction when treated with acid chlorides, anhydrides or esters by nucleophilic substitution. Here Hydrogen atom of NH_{2} or NH is replaced by CH_{3}CO the group.
    1596566392759


    Question 13.7 Write short notes on the following:

    (vii) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis.

    Answer :

    Gabriel phthalimide synthesis.-
    It is used for mainly aliphatic primary amine preparation. Phthalimide reacts with ethanolic potassium hydroxide and produces potassium salt of phthalimide which on heating with alkyl halide followed by alkaline hydrolysis gives corresponding primary amine. Aromatic amines cannot be produced by this method due to the inability of aryl halides to do nucleophilic substitution reaction with anion produced by phthalimide.

    1596565944101

    Question 13.8 Accomplish the following conversions:

    (i) Nitrobenzene to benzoic acid

    Answer :

    First, reduce nitrobenzene into aniline with the help of H_{2}/Pd . Now convert aniline to diazonium salt followed by sandmeyers reaction ( CuCN/KCN ) to benzonitrile and after acid hydrolysis benzonitrile becomes benzoic acid.

    1596565952459

    Question 13.8 Accomplish the following conversions:

    (ii) Benzene to m-bromophenol

    Answer :

    First, We do nitration of benzene so that it can direct the bromine to meta position and then bromination of nitrobenzene after that reduce it with the help of Sn/HCl followed by diazotisation reaction and then hydrolysis in warm water.
    1596565960886


    Question 13.8 Accomplish the following conversions:

    (iii) Benzoic acid to aniline

    Answer :

    On reacting benzoic acid with SOCl_{2} we get benzene sulphonyl chloride and when it reacts with ammonia the chlorine is replaced by NH_{2} and after that do Hoffmann bromide degradation reaction to remove -CO group.
    screenshot-388

    Question 13.8 Accomplish the following conversions:

    (iv) Aniline to 2,4,6 -tribromofluorobenzene

    Answer :

    First, we do bromination of aniline which gives 2,4,6-tribromoaniline after that do diazotisation reaction which converts NH_{2} group into N_{2}Cl and then react it with fluoroboric acid( HBF_{4}+\Delta ) gives us desired product.

    15965659737251596565971831


    Question 13.8 Accomplish the following conversions:

    (v) Benzyl chloride to 2-phenylethanamine

    Answer :

    On reacting benzyl chloride with the ethanolic sodium cyanide ( NaCN ), it replaces the Chlorine with CN molecule. And then reduction with the help of H_{2}/Ni

    1596565980143


    Question 13.8 Accomplish the following conversions:

    (vi) Chlorobenzene to p-chloroaniline

    Answer :

    On nitration of chlorobenzene, it gives p-nitrochlorobenzene which is on further reacting with H_{2}/Pd , it reduces NO_{2} to NH_{2}

    screenshot-394

    Question 13.8 Accomplish the following conversions:

    (vii) Aniline to p-bromoaniline

    Answer :

    Aniline on reacting with the acetic anhydride in the presence of pyridine it gives N-phenylethanamide which on further reacting with Br_{2}/CH_{3}COOH the NHCOCH_{3} group direct the bromine to the para- position and after hydrolysis, we can recover the original NH_{2} group at the same position

    1596565991838

    Question 13.8 Accomplish the following conversions:

    (viii) Benzamide to toluene

    Answer :

    Use the Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction so that it gives aniline and then do diazotisation reaction so that NH_{2} group is replaced by N_{2}Cl and then reduction with the help of ( H_{2}O/H_{3}PO_{2} ) so that it reduced into the benzene ring. And then alkylation of benzene gives toluene as a final product.

    1596566000675


    Question 13.8 Accomplish the following conversions:

    (ix) Aniline to benzyl alcohol

    Answer :

    Aniline on treating with nitrous acid followed by sandmeyers reaction gives benzonitrile ( C_{6}H_{5}C\equiv N ), which on acidic hydrolysis form benzoic acid ( C_{6}H_{5}COOH ) and then reduction process with LiAlH_{4} (lithium aluminium hydride) to get desired product.

    15965643020981596564299030

    Question 13.9 Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reactions:

    (i) CH_{3}CH_{2}I\xrightarrow[]{NaCN}A\xrightarrow[Partial hydrolysis]{OH^{-}}B\xrightarrow[]{NaOH+Br_{2}}C

    Answer :

    In the first reaction, the iodine is replaced by CN so the structure of (A) is CH_{3}CH_{2}CN ( propionitrile) . On partial hydrolysis, the CN converted in to CONH_{2} , So the structure of B is CH_{3}CH_{2}CONH_{2} (propanamide) and the third reactant is Hoffmann bromide degradation reaction, So just remove the -CO group and it becomes a primary aliphatic amine. Thus the structure of C is CH_{3}CH_{2}NH_{2} (ethanamine)

    Question 13.9 Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reactions:

    (ii) C_{6}H_{5}N_{2}Cl\xrightarrow[]{CuCN}A\xrightarrow[]{H_{2}O/H^{+}}B\xrightarrow[\Delta ]{NH_{3}}C

    Answer :

    The first part is the Sandmeyers reaction so CN replaces the N_{2}Cl of the reactant and the product (A) is cynobenzene (C_{6}H_{5}CN) . On acidic hydrolysis of cynobenzene give product (B) benzoic acid (C_{6}H_{5}COOH) and benzoic acid react with ammonia (heat) it produces product (C)benzamide (C_{6}H_{5}CONH_{2})
    The structure of A, C and B are-
    screenshot-389

    Question 13.9 Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reactions:

    (iii) CH_{3}CH_{2}Br\xrightarrow[]{KCN}A\xrightarrow[]{LiAlH_{4}}B\xrightarrow[0^{\circ}C]{HNO_{2}}C

    Answer :

    The structure of A, B, C are respectively CH_{3}CH_{2}CN,CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}NH_{2} and CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}OH

    In the first reaction, the bromine is replaced by cyanide molecule ( CN ) and after a reduction by LiAlH_{4} the CN, molecules become CH_{2}NH_{2} .

    Question 13.9 Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reactions:

    (iv) C_{6}H_{5}NO_{2}\xrightarrow[]{Fe/HCl}A\xrightarrow[273K]{NaNO_{2}+HCl}B\xrightarrow[H_{2}O/H^{+}]{\Delta }C

    Answer :

    A- C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}

    B- C_{6}H_{5}N^{+}_{2}Cl^{-}

    C- C_{6}H_{5}OH

    The First nitrobenzene reduced to aniline and then it reacts with (NaNO_{2}/HCl) to form benzene diazonium salt and is hydrolysed to form phenol( C_{6}H_{5}OH )

    Question 13.9 Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reactions:

    (v) CH_{3}COOH\xrightarrow[\Delta ]{NH_{3}}A\xrightarrow[]{NaOBr}B\xrightarrow[]{NaNO_{2}/HCl}C

    Answer :

    A- ethanamide ( CH_{3}CONH_{2} )

    B- methenamine ( CH_{3}NH_{2} )

    C- methanol ( CH_{3}OH )

    Acetic acid reacts with ammonia, gives ethanamide and the second reaction is Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction so it removes -CO group and form methenamine and after that the last product is methanol.

    Question 13.9 Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reactions:

    (vi) C_{6}H_{5}NO_{2}\xrightarrow[]{Fe/HCl}A\xrightarrow[273K]{HNO_{2}}B\xrightarrow[]{C_{6}H_{5}OH}C

    Answer :

    Initially, product A is the reduction of nitrobenzene means it is an aniline. when A react with HNO_{2} it gives benzene diazonium chloride(B). And when B reacts with another aromatic ring (phenol) it's a coupling reaction so it gives azodye (p-Hydroxyazobenzene)

    A= Aniline B = benzene diazonium chloride C= p-Hydroxyazobenzene

    159656605158815965660490611596566042855 1596566034767

    Question 13.10 An aromatic compound ‘A’ on treatment with aqueous ammonia and heating forms compound ‘B’ which on heating with Br_{2} and KOH forms a compound ‘C’ of molecular formula C_{6}H_{7}N. . Write the structures and IUPAC names of compounds A, B and C.

    Answer :

    The molecular formula of C = C_{6}H_{7}N

    A\xrightarrow[aq NH_{3}]{\Delta }B

    B+Br_{2}+KOH\rightarrow C(C_{6}H_{7}N) it is a Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction so, the product should be C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2} (aniline)

    So B should be benzamide ( C_{6}H_{5}CONH_{2} ) and A should be benzoic acid ( C_{6}H_{5}COOH )

    Therefore the above reaction proceeds as-

    screenshot-391

    Question 13.11 Complete the following reactions:

    (i) C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}+CHCl_{3}+alc.KOH\rightarrow

    Answer :

    The given above reaction is carbylamine reaction in which primary aromatic amines react with chloroform and alc. potassium hydroxide to give isocyanide or carbylamine as a product which is foul-smelling substance.

    C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}+CHCl_{3}+alc.KOH\rightarrow C_{6}H_{5}NC+KCl +H_{2}O

    Question 13.11 Complete the following reactions:

    (ii) C_{6}H_{5}N_{2}Cl+H_{3}PO_{2}+H_{2}O\rightarrow

    Answer :

    When benzene diazonium chloride reacts with H_{3}PO_{2} it reduced into benzene and H_{3}PO_{2} oxidised into H_{3}PO_{3}(+3) , HCl produced as a by-product in this reaction.

    C_{6}H_{5}N_{2}Cl+H_{3}PO_{2}+H_{2}O\rightarrow C_{6}H_{6}+H_{3}PO_{3}+HCl

    Question 13.11 Complete the following reactions:

    (iii) C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}+H_{2}SO_{4}(conc.)\rightarrow

    Answer :

    Aniline is a base and H_{2}SO_{4} is acid. So, basically, it is acid-base reaction aniline accepts H^{+} ions from sulphuric acid and forms a product anilinium hydrogen sulphate.

    C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}+H_{2}SO_{4}(conc.)\rightarrow C_{6}H_{5}NH_{3}^{+}HSO_{4}^{-}

    Question 13.11 Complete the following reactions:

    (iv) C_{6 } H_{5}N_{2}Cl+C_{2}H_{5}OH\rightarrow

    Answer :

    Ethanol reduces the benzene diazonium chloride to benzene and oxidises into ethanal ( CH_{3}CHO ), hydrochloric acid produces as a by-product and evolution of nitrogen gas is also occurring.

    C_{6 } H_{5}N_{2}Cl+C_{2}H_{5}OH\rightarrow C_{6}H_{6}+CH_{3}CHO+N_{2}+HCl

    screenshot-392

    Question 13.11 Complete the following reactions:

    (v) C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}+Br_{2}(aq)\rightarrow

    Answer :

    Aniline on bromination in the presence of water at room temperature gives a white ppt of 2, 4, 6- tribromoaniline

    1596564428916

    Question 13.11 Complete the following reactions:

    (vi) C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}+(CH_{3}CO)_{2}O\rightarrow

    Answer :

    Aniline reacts with acetic anhydride by a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Here the replacement of H atom from NH_{2} group is by an acyl group. The product formed is N-phenylethanamide.p. The reaction is carried out in the presence of a base stronger than the amine, like pyridine

    C_{6}H_{5}NH_{2}+(CH_{3}CO)_{2}O\rightarrow C_{6}H_{5}NHCOCH_{3}+CH_{3}COOH

    1596564455558


    Question 13.11 Complete the following reactions:

    (vii) C_{6}H_{5}N_{2}Cl\xrightarrow[(ii)NaNO_{2}/Cu,\Delta )]{(i) HBF_{4})}

    Answer :

    In this reaction, the chloride ion is replaced by BF_{4}^{-} ion. When diazonium fluoroborate is heated with aqueous sodium nitrite in the presence of copper, the diazonium group is replaced by –NO2 group.

    C_{6}H_{5}N_{2}Cl\xrightarrow[(ii)NaNO_{2}/Cu,\Delta )]{(i) HBF_{4})} C_{6}H_{5}NO_{2}+N_{2}+NaBF_{4}

    1596566636152

    Question 13.12 Why cannot aromatic primary amines be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis?

    Answer :
    Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is used for mainly aliphatic primary amine preparation. Phthalimide reacts with ethanolic potassium hydroxide and produces potassium salt of phthalimide

    which on heating with alkyl halide followed by alkaline hydrolysis gives corresponding primary amine.

    15965660797671596566077882

    Aromatic amines cannot be produced by this method due to the inability of aryl halides to do nucleophilic substitution reaction with anion produced by phthalimide.

    Hence aromatic amines cannot be produced by this method.

    1596566087216 No \ reaction {if R = Aromatic compound}

    Question 13.13 Write the reactions of

    (i) aromatic primary amines with nitrous acid.

    Answer :

    Aromatic primary amines react with nitrous acid( NaNO_{2}+HCl ) at 273-278 K to form stable diazonium salts. aniline reacts with nitrous acid to form benzene diazonium chloride.
    1596566096520 1596566104222

    Question 13.13 Write the reactions of

    (ii) aliphatic primary amines with nitrous acid.

    Answer :

    When aliphatic primary amines react with nitrous acid to form unstable diazonium salts which on further produces alcohol and hydrochloric acid ( HCl ) with the evolution of dinitrogen gas ( N_{2} ).
    1596566113004

    Question 13.14 Give a plausible explanation for each of the following:

    (i) Why are amines less acidic than alcohols of comparable molecular masses?

    Answer :

    Protonation of amines gives- RNH_{2}\rightarrow RNH^{-}+H^{+} (amide ion)
    protonation of alcohol gives - R-OH\rightarrow RO^{-}+H^{+} (alkoxide ion)

    the negative charge is easily accommodated by O atom because it is more electronegative than N atom. So, the amide ion is less stable than the alkoxide ion. Hence amines are less acidic than alcohols.

    Question 13.14 Give a plausible explanation for each of the following:

    (ii) Why do primary amines have a higher boiling point than tertiary amines?

    Answer :

    The extent of inter-molecular hydrogen bonding in primary amines is higher than the secondary amines. Secondary amine has only one hydrogen, and tertiary amines have no hydrogen atom for inter-molecular hydrogen bonding whereas primary amine has two hydrogen atom available for inter-molecular hydrogen bonding. And we know that higher the extent of hydrogen bonding, higher is the boiling point.

    1596566122228 (In 1^{0} amine), 1596566129657 (In 2^{0} amines), 1596566136983 (In 3^{0} amine)


    Question 13.14 Give plausible explanation for each of the following:

    (iii) Why are aliphatic amines stronger bases than aromatic amines?

    Answer :

    Aliphatic amines stronger bases than aromatic amines due to resonance in aromatic base the lone pair of electron of N atom delocalised over the benzene ring, which makes it less available for electron donation. On the other hand, in aliphatic amines( R-NH_{2} ), the electron donor group is attached which increase the electron density at N atom. Thus the aliphatic amines are more basic than aromatic amines.

    1596566484941


    Features of Amines Class 12 NCERT Chapter

    In NCERT solutions for class 12 chemistry chapter 13 Amines, there are ten sub-topics from which questions are generally asked that covers important concepts of chemistry such as the structure, nomenclature, and classification of amines and also covers its chemical and physical properties and method of preparation of diazonium salts. After studying NCERT solutions for Class 12 chemistry chapter 13 Amines you will be able to describe amines as derivatives of ammonia; classify amines as primary, secondary and tertiary; explain IUPAC nomenclature of amines; describe methods of preparation of amines and properties of amines.

    Topics and Sub-topics of Amines Class 12 NCERT Chapter

    13.1 Structure of Amines

    13.2 Classification

    13.3 Nomenclature

    13.4 Preparation of Amines

    13.5 Physical Properties

    13.6 Chemical Reactions

    13.7 Method of Preparation of Diazonium Salts

    13.8 Physical Properties

    13.9 Chemical Reactions

    13.10 Importance of Diazonium Salts in the Synthesis of Aromatic Compounds

    NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry

    NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Subject wise


    Benefits of NCERT Solutions for class 12 chemistry chapter 13 Amines

    • The answers presented in a step-by-step manner in the NCERT solutions for class 12 chemistry chapter 13 Amines will help in understanding chapter easily.
    • It will be easy to revise because the detailed solutions will help you to remember the concepts and fetch you good marks.
    • Homework problems won't bother you anymore, all you need to do is check the detailed NCERT solutions for class 12 chemistry chapter 13 Amines and you are ready to sail.

    If you have a doubt or question that is not available here or in any of the chapters, contact us. You will get all the answers that will help you score well in your exams.

    Also check NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Solutions

    Also Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here:

    Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

    1. What is the weightage of NCERT Class 12 Chemistry chapter 13 in JEE Mains?

    Around 5-7 marks worth questions are asked from this chapter in JEE mains. The questions for Amines can be practiced from the NCERT book, NCERT exemplar and JEE Main previous year papers.

    2. Where can I find complete solutions of NCERT class 12 Chemistry?

    For complete solutions : https://school.careers360.com/ncert/ncert-solutions-class-12-chemistry. Students can download the chapter wise solutions PDF.

    3. ​​​​What is the weightage of NCERT Class 12 Chemistry chapter 13 in CBSE Board Exams?

    This chapter holds weightage of 5-6 Marks in Board exams. Follow NCERT syllabus to get a good score in the CBSE board exam.

    4. What is the weightage of NCERT class 12 Chemistry chapter 14 in NEET?

    Weightage of NCERT class 12 Chemistry chapter 13 in NEET is around 3 percent

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    hello,

    Yes you can appear for the compartment paper again since CBSE gives three chances to a candidate to clear his/her exams so you still have two more attempts. However, you can appear for your improvement paper for all subjects but you cannot appear for the ones in which you have failed.

    I hope this was helpful!

    Good Luck

    Hello dear,

    If you was not able to clear 1st compartment and now you giving second compartment so YES, you can go for your improvement exam next year but if a student receives an improvement, they are given the opportunity to retake the boards as a private candidate the following year, but there are some requirements. First, the student must pass all of their subjects; if they received a compartment in any subject, they must then pass the compartment exam before being eligible for the improvement.


    As you can registered yourself as private candidate for giving your improvement exam of 12 standard CBSE(Central Board of Secondary Education).For that you have to wait for a whole year which is bit difficult for you.


    Positive side of waiting for whole year is you have a whole year to preparing yourself for your examination. You have no distraction or something which may causes your failure in the exams. In whole year you have to stay focused on your 12 standard examination for doing well in it. By this you get a highest marks as a comparison of others.


    Believe in Yourself! You can make anything happen


    All the very best.

    Hello Student,

    I appreciate your Interest in education. See the improvement is not restricted to one subject or multiple subjects  and  we cannot say if improvement in one subject in one year leads to improvement in more subjects in coming year.

    You just need to have a revision of all subjects what you have completed in the school. have a revision and practice of subjects and concepts helps you better.

    All the best.

    If you'll do hard work then by hard work of 6 months you can achieve your goal but you have to start studying for it dont waste your time its a very important year so please dont waste it otherwise you'll regret.

    Yes, you can take admission in class 12th privately there are many colleges in which you can give 12th privately.

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    A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is

    Option 1)

    0.34\; J

    Option 2)

    0.16\; J

    Option 3)

    1.00\; J

    Option 4)

    0.67\; J

    A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times.  Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated.  How much fat will he use up considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up ?  Fat supplies 3.8×107 J of energy per kg which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate.  Take g = 9.8 ms−2 :

    Option 1)

    2.45×10−3 kg

    Option 2)

     6.45×10−3 kg

    Option 3)

     9.89×10−3 kg

    Option 4)

    12.89×10−3 kg

     

    An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range

    Option 1)

    2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J

    Option 2)

    200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J

    Option 3)

    2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J

    Option 4)

    20,000 \, \, J - 50,000 \, \, J

    A particle is projected at 600   to the horizontal with a kinetic energy K. The kinetic energy at the highest point

    Option 1)

    K/2\,

    Option 2)

    \; K\;

    Option 3)

    zero\;

    Option 4)

    K/4

    In the reaction,

    2Al_{(s)}+6HCL_{(aq)}\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}\, _{(aq)}+6Cl^{-}\, _{(aq)}+3H_{2(g)}

    Option 1)

    11.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}  at STP  is produced for every mole HCL_{(aq)}  consumed

    Option 2)

    6L\, HCl_{(aq)}  is consumed for ever 3L\, H_{2(g)}      produced

    Option 3)

    33.6 L\, H_{2(g)} is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts

    Option 4)

    67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)} at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .

    How many moles of magnesium phosphate, Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?

    Option 1)

    0.02

    Option 2)

    3.125 × 10-2

    Option 3)

    1.25 × 10-2

    Option 4)

    2.5 × 10-2

    If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12, mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative atomic mass unit, the mass of one mole of a substance will

    Option 1)

    decrease twice

    Option 2)

    increase two fold

    Option 3)

    remain unchanged

    Option 4)

    be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.

    With increase of temperature, which of these changes?

    Option 1)

    Molality

    Option 2)

    Weight fraction of solute

    Option 3)

    Fraction of solute present in water

    Option 4)

    Mole fraction.

    Number of atoms in 558.5 gram Fe (at. wt.of Fe = 55.85 g mol-1) is

    Option 1)

    twice that in 60 g carbon

    Option 2)

    6.023 × 1022

    Option 3)

    half that in 8 g He

    Option 4)

    558.5 × 6.023 × 1023

    A pulley of radius 2 m is rotated about its axis by a force F = (20t - 5t2) newton (where t is measured in seconds) applied tangentially. If the moment of inertia of the pulley about its axis of rotation is 10 kg m2 , the number of rotations made by the pulley before its direction of motion if reversed, is

    Option 1)

    less than 3

    Option 2)

    more than 3 but less than 6

    Option 3)

    more than 6 but less than 9

    Option 4)

    more than 9

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    GIS Expert

    GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.

    3 Jobs Available
    Database Architect

    If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy, IIT Kharagpur, JMI New Delhi

    3 Jobs Available
    Ethical Hacker

    A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

    3 Jobs Available
    Data Analyst

    The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

    Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

    3 Jobs Available
    Geothermal Engineer

    Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

    3 Jobs Available
    Geotechnical engineer

    The role of geotechnical engineer starts with reviewing the projects needed to define the required material properties. The work responsibilities are followed by a site investigation of rock, soil, fault distribution and bedrock properties on and below an area of interest. The investigation is aimed to improve the ground engineering design and determine their engineering properties that include how they will interact with, on or in a proposed construction. 

    The role of geotechnical engineer in mining includes designing and determining the type of foundations, earthworks, and or pavement subgrades required for the intended man-made structures to be made. Geotechnical engineering jobs are involved in earthen and concrete dam construction projects, working under a range of normal and extreme loading conditions. 

    3 Jobs Available
    Finance Executive

    A career as a Finance Executive requires one to be responsible for monitoring an organisation's income, investments and expenses to create and evaluate financial reports. His or her role involves performing audits, invoices, and budget preparations. He or she manages accounting activities, bank reconciliations, and payable and receivable accounts.  

    3 Jobs Available
    Investment Banker

    An Investment Banking career involves the invention and generation of capital for other organizations, governments, and other entities. Individuals who opt for a career as Investment Bankers are the head of a team dedicated to raising capital by issuing bonds. Investment bankers are termed as the experts who have their fingers on the pulse of the current financial and investing climate. Students can pursue various Investment Banker courses, such as Banking and Insurance, and Economics to opt for an Investment Banking career path.

    3 Jobs Available
    Bank Branch Manager

    Bank Branch Managers work in a specific section of banking related to the invention and generation of capital for other organisations, governments, and other entities. Bank Branch Managers work for the organisations and underwrite new debts and equity securities for all type of companies, aid in the sale of securities, as well as help to facilitate mergers and acquisitions, reorganisations, and broker trades for both institutions and private investors.

    3 Jobs Available
    Treasurer

    Treasury analyst career path is often regarded as certified treasury specialist in some business situations, is a finance expert who specifically manages a company or organisation's long-term and short-term financial targets. Treasurer synonym could be a financial officer, which is one of the reputed positions in the corporate world. In a large company, the corporate treasury jobs hold power over the financial decision-making of the total investment and development strategy of the organisation.

    3 Jobs Available
    Product Manager

    A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

    3 Jobs Available
    Underwriter

    An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

    3 Jobs Available
    Bank Probationary Officer (PO)

    A career as Bank Probationary Officer (PO) is seen as a promising career opportunity and a white-collar career. Each year aspirants take the Bank PO exam. This career provides plenty of career development and opportunities for a successful banking future. If you have more questions about a career as  Bank Probationary Officer (PO), what is probationary officer or how to become a Bank Probationary Officer (PO) then you can read the article and clear all your doubts. 

    3 Jobs Available
    Operations Manager

    Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

    3 Jobs Available
    Transportation Planner

    A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

    3 Jobs Available
    Conservation Architect

    A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.

    2 Jobs Available
    Safety Manager

    A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.

    2 Jobs Available
    Team Lead

    A Team Leader is a professional responsible for guiding, monitoring and leading the entire group. He or she is responsible for motivating team members by providing a pleasant work environment to them and inspiring positive communication. A Team Leader contributes to the achievement of the organisation’s goals. He or she improves the confidence, product knowledge and communication skills of the team members and empowers them.

    2 Jobs Available
    Structural Engineer

    A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Architect

    Individuals in the architecture career are the building designers who plan the whole construction keeping the safety and requirements of the people. Individuals in architect career in India provides professional services for new constructions, alterations, renovations and several other activities. Individuals in architectural careers in India visit site locations to visualize their projects and prepare scaled drawings to submit to a client or employer as a design. Individuals in architecture careers also estimate build costs, materials needed, and the projected time frame to complete a build.

    2 Jobs Available
    Landscape Architect

    Having a landscape architecture career, you are involved in site analysis, site inventory, land planning, planting design, grading, stormwater management, suitable design, and construction specification. Frederick Law Olmsted, the designer of Central Park in New York introduced the title “landscape architect”. The Australian Institute of Landscape Architects (AILA) proclaims that "Landscape Architects research, plan, design and advise on the stewardship, conservation and sustainability of development of the environment and spaces, both within and beyond the built environment". Therefore, individuals who opt for a career as a landscape architect are those who are educated and experienced in landscape architecture. Students need to pursue various landscape architecture degrees, such as M.Des, M.Plan to become landscape architects. If you have more questions regarding a career as a landscape architect or how to become a landscape architect then you can read the article to get your doubts cleared. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Plumber

    An expert in plumbing is aware of building regulations and safety standards and works to make sure these standards are upheld. Testing pipes for leakage using air pressure and other gauges, and also the ability to construct new pipe systems by cutting, fitting, measuring and threading pipes are some of the other more involved aspects of plumbing. Individuals in the plumber career path are self-employed or work for a small business employing less than ten people, though some might find working for larger entities or the government more desirable.

    2 Jobs Available
    Orthotist and Prosthetist

    Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

    6 Jobs Available
    Pathologist

    A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

    5 Jobs Available
    Veterinary Doctor

    A veterinary doctor is a medical professional with a degree in veterinary science. The veterinary science qualification is the minimum requirement to become a veterinary doctor. There are numerous veterinary science courses offered by various institutes. He or she is employed at zoos to ensure they are provided with good health facilities and medical care to improve their life expectancy.

    5 Jobs Available
    Gynaecologist

    Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

    4 Jobs Available
    Oncologist

    An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

    3 Jobs Available
    Surgical Technologist

    When it comes to an operation theatre, there are several tasks that are to be carried out before as well as after the operation or surgery has taken place. Such tasks are not possible without surgical tech and surgical tech tools. A single surgeon cannot do it all alone. It’s like for a footballer he needs his team’s support to score a goal the same goes for a surgeon. It is here, when a surgical technologist comes into the picture. It is the job of a surgical technologist to prepare the operation theatre with all the required equipment before the surgery. Not only that, once an operation is done it is the job of the surgical technologist to clean all the equipment. One has to fulfil the minimum requirements of surgical tech qualifications. 

    Also Read: Career as Nurse

    3 Jobs Available
    Critical Care Specialist

    A career as Critical Care Specialist is responsible for providing the best possible prompt medical care to patients. He or she writes progress notes of patients in records. A Critical Care Specialist also liaises with admitting consultants and proceeds with the follow-up treatments. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Ophthalmologist

    Individuals in the ophthalmologist career in India are trained medically to care for all eye problems and conditions. Some optometric physicians further specialize in a particular area of the eye and are known as sub-specialists who are responsible for taking care of each and every aspect of a patient's eye problem. An ophthalmologist's job description includes performing a variety of tasks such as diagnosing the problem, prescribing medicines, performing eye surgery, recommending eyeglasses, or looking after post-surgery treatment. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Actor

    For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

    4 Jobs Available
    Radio Jockey

    Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

    A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

    3 Jobs Available
    Acrobat

    Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

    3 Jobs Available
    Video Game Designer

    Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages. Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

    3 Jobs Available
    Talent Agent

    The career as a Talent Agent is filled with responsibilities. A Talent Agent is someone who is involved in the pre-production process of the film. It is a very busy job for a Talent Agent but as and when an individual gains experience and progresses in the career he or she can have people assisting him or her in work. Depending on one’s responsibilities, number of clients and experience he or she may also have to lead a team and work with juniors under him or her in a talent agency. In order to know more about the job of a talent agent continue reading the article.

    If you want to know more about talent agent meaning, how to become a Talent Agent, or Talent Agent job description then continue reading this article.

    3 Jobs Available
    Videographer

    Careers in videography are art that can be defined as a creative and interpretive process that culminates in the authorship of an original work of art rather than a simple recording of a simple event. It would be wrong to portrait it as a subcategory of photography, rather photography is one of the crafts used in videographer jobs in addition to technical skills like organization, management, interpretation, and image-manipulation techniques. Students pursue Visual Media, Film, Television, Digital Video Production to opt for a videographer career path. The visual impacts of a film are driven by the creative decisions taken in videography jobs. Individuals who opt for a career as a videographer are involved in the entire lifecycle of a film and production. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Multimedia Specialist

    A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Visual Communication Designer

    Individuals who want to opt for a career as a Visual Communication Designer will work in the graphic design and arts industry. Every sector in the modern age is using visuals to connect with people, clients, or customers. This career involves art and technology and candidates who want to pursue their career as visual communication designer has a great scope of career opportunity.

    2 Jobs Available
    Copy Writer

    In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism, Advertising, Marketing Management. Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

    5 Jobs Available
    Journalist

    Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

    3 Jobs Available
    Publisher

    For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

    3 Jobs Available
    Vlogger

    In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. Ever since internet cost got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, the career as vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the career as vlogger, how to become a vlogger, so on and so forth then continue reading the article. Students can visit Jamia Millia Islamia, Asian College of Journalism, Indian Institute of Mass Communication to pursue journalism degrees.

    3 Jobs Available
    Editor

    Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

    3 Jobs Available
    Advertising Manager

    Advertising managers consult with the financial department to plan a marketing strategy schedule and cost estimates. We often see advertisements that attract us a lot, not every advertisement is just to promote a business but some of them provide a social message as well. There was an advertisement for a washing machine brand that implies a story that even a man can do household activities. And of course, how could we even forget those jingles which we often sing while working?

    2 Jobs Available
    Photographer

    Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

    2 Jobs Available
    Social Media Manager

    A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

    2 Jobs Available
    Product Manager

    A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

    3 Jobs Available
    Quality Controller

    A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

    A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

    3 Jobs Available
    Production Manager

    Production Manager Job Description: A Production Manager is responsible for ensuring smooth running of manufacturing processes in an efficient manner. He or she plans and organises production schedules. The role of Production Manager involves estimation, negotiation on budget and timescales with the clients and managers. 

    Resource Links for Online MBA 

    3 Jobs Available
    Team Lead

    A Team Leader is a professional responsible for guiding, monitoring and leading the entire group. He or she is responsible for motivating team members by providing a pleasant work environment to them and inspiring positive communication. A Team Leader contributes to the achievement of the organisation’s goals. He or she improves the confidence, product knowledge and communication skills of the team members and empowers them.

    2 Jobs Available
    Quality Systems Manager

    A Quality Systems Manager is a professional responsible for developing strategies, processes, policies, standards and systems concerning the company as well as operations of its supply chain. It includes auditing to ensure compliance. It could also be carried out by a third party. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Merchandiser

    A career as a merchandiser requires one to promote specific products and services of one or different brands, to increase the in-house sales of the store. Merchandising job focuses on enticing the customers to enter the store and hence increasing their chances of buying a product. Although the buyer is the one who selects the lines, it all depends on the merchandiser on how much money a buyer will spend, how many lines will be purchased, and what will be the quantity of those lines. In a career as merchandiser, one is required to closely work with the display staff in order to decide in what way a product would be displayed so that sales can be maximised. In small brands or local retail stores, a merchandiser is responsible for both merchandising and buying. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Procurement Manager

    The procurement Manager is also known as  Purchasing Manager. The role of the Procurement Manager is to source products and services for a company. A Procurement Manager is involved in developing a purchasing strategy, including the company's budget and the supplies as well as the vendors who can provide goods and services to the company. His or her ultimate goal is to bring the right products or services at the right time with cost-effectiveness. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Production Planner

    Individuals who opt for a career as a production planner are professionals who are responsible for ensuring goods manufactured by the employing company are cost-effective and meets quality specifications including ensuring the availability of ready to distribute stock in a timely fashion manner. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Information Security Manager

    Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

    3 Jobs Available
    Computer Programmer

    Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

    3 Jobs Available
    Product Manager

    A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

    3 Jobs Available
    ITSM Manager

    ITSM Manager is a professional responsible for heading the ITSM (Information Technology Service Management) or (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) processes. He or she ensures that operation management provides appropriate resource levels for problem resolutions. The ITSM Manager oversees the level of prioritisation for the problems, critical incidents, planned as well as proactive tasks. 

    3 Jobs Available
    .NET Developer

    .NET Developer Job Description: A .NET Developer is a professional responsible for producing code using .NET languages. He or she is a software developer who uses the .NET technologies platform to create various applications. Dot NET Developer job comes with the responsibility of  creating, designing and developing applications using .NET languages such as VB and C#. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Corporate Executive

    Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

    2 Jobs Available
    DevOps Architect

    A DevOps Architect is responsible for defining a systematic solution that fits the best across technical, operational and and management standards. He or she generates an organised solution by examining a large system environment and selects appropriate application frameworks in order to deal with the system’s difficulties. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Cloud Solution Architect

    Individuals who are interested in working as a Cloud Administration should have the necessary technical skills to handle various tasks related to computing. These include the design and implementation of cloud computing services, as well as the maintenance of their own. Aside from being able to program multiple programming languages, such as Ruby, Python, and Java, individuals also need a degree in computer science.

    2 Jobs Available
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