NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 8 Redox Reactions

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 8 Redox Reactions

Edited By Sumit Saini | Updated on Aug 22, 2022 08:49 AM IST

NCERT solutions for class 11 chemistry chapter 8 Redox Reactions- NCERT Solutions for class 11 chapter 8 Redox Reactions discusses the concept of reduction and oxidation in detail and various insights about the redox reaction. Also, it discusses oxidation number, balancing redox reactions, types of a redox reaction, loss and gain of electrons by the elements in the reaction, change in oxidation number and applications of redox reactions.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 8 Redox Reactions - Exercise Questions

Question 8.1 Assign oxidation number to the underlined elements in each of the following species

(a) NaH_{2}\bar{P}O_{4}

(b)NaH\bar{S}O_{4}

(c) H_{4}\bar{P_{2}}O_{7}

(d) K_{2}\bar{Mn}O_{4}

(e) Ca\bar{O_{2}}

(f) Na\bar{B}H_{4}

(g) H_{2}\bar{S_{2}}O_{7}

(h) KAl(\bar{S}O_{4})_{2}.12H_{2}O

Answer :

solution-

O.N is the oxidation number

O.N of Oxygen( O ) = -2 ( In case of peroxide and superoxide it wil be different ON)

O.N of hydrogen( H )= +1 (In case of metalic hydride, -1)

O.N of sodium ( Na ) = +1

O.N of aluminium ( Al ) = +3

O.N of potassium ( K )= +1

O.N of calcium ( Ca ) = +2

In neutral compounds the sum of O.N of all the atoms is zero.

(a) Let the O.N of P be x

\therefore\:\:\:1\ast 1+2\ast 1+x+4\ast (-2) = 0 \Rightarrow x = +5

(b) Let the O.N of S be x

\therefore \:\:1\ast 1 + 1\ast 1+x +4\ast (-2) = 0\Rightarrow x = +6

(c) Let the O.N of P be x

\therefore \:\:4*1 +2*x +7*(-2) = 0 \Rightarrow x = +5

(d) Let the O.N of Mn be x

\therefore \:\:2*1 + x + 4*(-2) = 0\Rightarrow x = +6

(e) Let the O.N of O be x

Ca is an alkaline earth metal so its O.N. is +2

\therefore \:\:1\ast 2 + 2\ast x = 0\Rightarrow x = -1

(f) Let the O.N of B be x

Note that in this H exists as hydride ion H^{-} so its O.N. is -1

\therefore \:\:1*1+x+4*(-1) = 0 \Rightarrow x = +3

(g) Let the O.N of S be x

\therefore \:\: 2*1 +2*x+7*(-2) =0 \Rightarrow x = +6

(h) Let the O.N of S be x

\therefore \:\:1*1+1*3+[x+(-2)*4]*2 +12*[1*2+(-2)] = 0\Rightarrow x = +6

Question 8.2 What are the oxidation number of the underlined elements in each of the following and how do you rationalize your results

(a) K\underline{I}_{3}

(b) H_{2}\underline{S_{4}}O_{6}

(c) \underline{Fe}_{3}O_{4}

(d) \underline{C}H_{3}\underline{C}H_{2}OH

(e) \underline{C}H_{3}\underline{C}OOH

Answer :

Solution-

O.N of potassium ( K )= +1

O.N of hydrogen( H )= +1 (In case of metalic hydride, -1)

O.N of Oxygen( O ) = -2 ( In case of peroxide and superoxide it wil be different ON)

(a) K\underline{I}_{3}

1*1 + 3*x = 0

x = (-1/3)

average O. N. Of I is -\frac{1}{3} . But it is wrong because O.N cannot be fractional. So lets try with structure of KI_{3}

K^+(I-I\leftarrow I)^{-1}

O.N of I = -1 (because a coordinate bond is formed between I_{2} and I^{-} ion. Hence O. N of three I atoms are 0,0 and -1, O.N 0 in I_{2} moleculeand -1 in I^{-} ion.)

(b) H_{2}\underline{S_{4}}O_{6}

Assume O.N of S is x

2*1 + 4*x + 6*(-2) = 0 \Rightarrow x=2.5

Fractional O.N is not possible so try with structure -

15942931306651594293127783

The two S atom present in the middle has zero (0) O.N and other two have (+5) O.N [ -2 from two O atom and -1 from OH]

(c) \underline{Fe}_{3}O_{4}

If you calculate the oxidation number of Fe in Fe_{3}O_{4} it would be 8/3 and however, O.N cannot be in fractional.

Fe_{3}O_{4} \:\:\: is \:an\:equimolar \:mixture\: of \:(FeO)\: and \:(Fe_{2}O_{3}) Here one iron atom has +2 O.N and the other two are of +3 O.N.

(d) \bar{C}H_{3}\bar{C}H_{2}OH

let assume carbon has x oxidation Number

So,[ x + 1(3) +x +1(2) +(-2)+1 = 0]

2x = -4

x=-2

In this molecule two carbon atoms present in different environments. Hence, they cannot have the same O.N.Thus, C exhibits the O. S of -3 and -1.

15942936485091594293647793

(e) \bar{C}H_{3}\bar{C}OOH

suppose the oxidation number of Carbon is x.

If we calculate the O.N of x we get x=0

However, 0 is average O.N. of C atoms. In this molecule two carbon atoms present in different enviroments. Hence, they cannot have the same O.N.Thus, C exhibits the O.S of +3 and –3 in CH3COOH This can be more understood by structure-

15942937812691594293779080

Here we can see that at right C, +3 O.N (-1 from OH and -2from O atom) and in left C, -3 O.N(contribution from H atom only)

Question 8.3(a) Justify that the following reactions are redox reaction

(a) CuO_{(s)}+H_{2}_{(g)}\rightarrow Cu_{(s)}+ H_{2}O_{(g)}

Answer :

Solution-

Let us write the O.N of each element

\overset{\:\:2+\:\:-2}{CuO}\:+\:\overset{0}{H_{2}}\rightarrow \overset{0}{Cu}\:+ \:\overset{+1\:-2}{H_{2}O}

Here, the O.N of Cu decreases from +2 to 0 i.e., CuO is reduced to Cu. Also, the O.N of H increases from 0 to +1 i.e., H2 is oxidized to H2O. Hence it is a redox reaction.

Question 8.3(b) Justify that the following reactions are redox reaction

Fe_{2}O_{3}_{(s)}+3CO \rightarrow 2Fe_{(s)}+3CO_{2}_{(g)}

Answer :

Solution-

Let us write the O.N of each element

\overset{\:\:+3\:\:-2}{Fe_{2}O_{3}}\:+ 3\overset{+2\:-2}{CO}\rightarrow 2\overset{0}{Fe}\:\:+ 3\overset{+4\:\:-2}{CO_{2}}

Here, the O.N of Fe decreases from +3 to 0. Also, the O.N of C increases from +2 to +4 . Hence it is a redox reaction.

Question 8.3(c) Justify that the following reactions are redox reaction

4BCl_{3}_{(g)}+3LiAlH_{4}_{(s)}\rightarrow 2B_{2}H_{6}_{(g)}+3LiCl_{(s)}+3AlCl_{3}_{(s)}

Answer :

Solution-

Let us write the O.N of each element

4\overset{+3\:\:-1}{BCl_{3}}\:\:+\:3\overset{+1\:\:+3\:\:-1}{LiAlH_{4}}\:\rightarrow\:2\overset{-3\:\:+1}{B_{2}H_{6}}\:\:+\:\:3\overset{+1\:-1}{LiCl}\:\:+\:3\overset{+3\:-1}{AlCl_{3}}

Here, the O.N of Fe decreases from +3 in BCl3 to –3 in B2H6. And, the O.N of H increases from –1 in LiAlH_{4} to +1 in B_{2}H_{6} . Hence it is a redox reaction.

Question 8.3(d) Justify that the following reactions are redox reaction

2K_{(s)}+F_{2}_{(g)}\rightarrow 2K^{+}F^{-}_{(s)}

Answer :

Solution-

We know that oxidation = loosing of e^{-} by atom

and reduction = gaining of e^{-} by another atom

here K lose its electron and F accept it, Hence it is a redox reaction

Question 8.3(e) Justify that the following reactions are redox reaction

4NH_{3}_{(g)}+5O_{2}_{(g)}\rightarrow4NO_{(g)}+6H_{2}O_{(g)}

Answer :

Solution-

here N (-3)\rightarrow N(+2) oxidation reaction

and O(0)\rightarrow O(-2) reduction reaction (oxidation state of oxygen is zero at molecular state )

hence it's a redox reaction

Question 8.4 Fluorine reacts with ice and results in the change

H_{2}O_{(s)}+F_{2}_{(g)}\rightarrow HF_{(g)}+HOF_{(g)}

Justify that this reaction is a redox reaction

Answer :

Solution-

F_{2} HF HOF

Oxidation state of F \rightarrow 0 -1 +1

Here F is oxidized and reduced as well. So, it is a redox reaction.

Question 8.5 Calculate the oxidation number of sulphur, chromium, and nitrogen in H_{2}SO_{5} , Cr_{2}O_{7}^{2-} and NO_{3}^{-} . Suggest the structure of these compounds. Count for the fallacy.

Answer :

(i) H_{2}SO_{5} let the oxidation number of sulphur be x

So,

\\2*1+x+5(-2)= 0\\ x= +8

There is a fallacy Sulphur cannot have +8 oxidation state because it has maximum +6 oxidation number, not more than that.The structure of H_{2}SO_{5} is shown as follows:

15942933018961594293298817

2(H)+1(S)+3(O)+2(O \:\:in \:peroxy\: linkage)

\Rightarrow 2(+1) + 1(x) + 3(-2) + 2(-1) = 0

\Rightarrow x = +6( Answer))

(ii) Cr_{2}O_{7}^{2-}

let the oxidation number of chromium be x

now

\\2x+7*(-2)=-2\\ x= (-2+14)/2\\ x= +6

There is no fallacy here

15942934003541594293398446

(iii) NO_{3}^{-}

let assume oxidation number of N is x

Now, \\x+(-2)*3= -1\\(x-6)=-1\\x= +5

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here is no fallacy about the O.N of N in NO_{3}^{-}

Question 8.6(a) Write formulas for the following compounds:

Mercury(II) chloride

Answer :

Answer-

HgCl_{2}

in this formula, we can see that mercury has +2 oxidation state

Question 8.6(b) Write formulas for the following compounds:

Nickel(II) sulphate

Answer :

Answer-

NiSO_{4}

sulphate has -2 oxidation state

Question 8.6(c) Write formulas for the following compounds:

Tin(IV) oxide

Answer :


SnO_{2}

Oxygen has -2 oxidation state

Question 8.6(d) Write formulas for the following compounds:

Thallium(I) sulphate

Answer :

Answer-

Tl_{2}SO_{4}

Question 8.6(e) Write formulas for the following compounds:

Iron(III) sulphate

Answer :

Answer- Formula of the compounds: Iron(III) sulphate is

Fe_{2}(SO_{4})_{3}

Question 8.6(f) Write formulas for the following compounds:

Chromium(III) oxide

Answer :

Answer- Formula of the Chromium(III) oxide compounds is

Cr_{2}O_{3}

Question 8.7 Suggest a list of the substances where carbon can exhibit oxidation states from –4 to +4 and nitrogen from –3 to +5

Answer :

the substance of Carbon -

Substance
O.N. Of C
CH_{4}
-4
C_{2}H_{6}
-3
C_{2}H_{4}\: or\: CH_{3}Cl
-2
C_{2}H_{2}
-1
CH_{2}Cl_{2}
0
C_{6}Cl_{6}
+1
CHCl_{3}
+2
(COOH)_{2}
+3
CO_{2} \: or\: CCl_{4}
+4

substance for Nitrogen-

NH_{3}
-3
N_{2}H_{4}
-2
N_{2}H_{2}
-1
N_{2}
0
N_{2}O
+1
NO
+2
N_{2}O_{3}
+3
N_{2}O_{4}
+4
N_{2}O_{5}
+5
Substance
O.N. Of N


Question 8.8 While sulphur dioxide and hydrogen peroxide can act as oxidising as well as reducing agents in their reactions, ozone and nitric acid act only as oxidants. Why?

Answer :

  • sulphur dioxide (SO_{2}) here oxidation state of sulphur is +4 and the range of oxidation number of S is from -2 to +6 . It means it can accept an electron and lose as well, therefore, it can behave as oxidant and reductant both.
  • In case of hydrogen peroxide (H_{2}O_{2}) oxidation state is -1 and the oxidation state of O can vary from 0 to -2 . So it shows both oxidizing and reducing properties.
  • For HNO_{3} , Nitrogen has +5 oxidation state and it varies from +5 to -3. So it only accepts electrons. The oxidation state of N only decreases. Hence it acts as only oxidants.
  • And in case of O_{3} , the oxidation state of O is zero(0) and the range of oxidtion number of O is 0 to -2. It only decreases in this case also so therefore it acts as only oxidants.

Question 8.9 Consider the reactions:
(a) 6CO_{2}_{(g)}+6H_{2}O_{(l)}\rightarrow C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}_{(aq)}+6CO_{2}_{(g)}

(b) O_{3}_{(g)}+H_{2}O_{2}_{(l)}\rightarrow H_{2}O(l) +2O_{2}(g)

Why it is more appropriate to write these reactions as :

(a) 6CO_{2}_{(g)}+12H_{2}O_{(l)}\rightarrow C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}_{(aq)}+6H_{2}O_{(l)}+6CO_{2}_{(g)}

(b) O_{3}_{(g)}+H_{2}O_{2}_{(l)}\rightarrow H_{2}O(l) +O_{2}(g)+O_{2}_{(g)}

Also, suggest a technique to investigate the path of the above (a) and (b) redox reactions.

Answer :

(a) In the photosynthesis process-

step 1- the liberation of O_{2} and H_{2} --> 2H_{2}O\rightarrow O_{2}+2H_{2}

step-2 The H_{2} produced in above reduces the CO_{2} into glucose (C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}) and water (H_{2}O)

6CO_{2}+12H_{2}\rightarrow C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}+6H_{2}O

So, the final net reaction is

2H_{2}O\rightarrow CO_{2}+2H_{2}]*6\\+6CO_{2}+12H_{2}\rightarrow C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}+6H_{2}O\\------------------\\6CO_{2}+12H_{2}O\rightarrow C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}+6H_{2}O

It is more appropriate to write the reaction as above because water (H_{2}O) molecule also produced in photosynthesis reaction.

The path of reaction can be investigated by using the radioactive H_{2}O^{18} instead of (H_{2}O)

(b)

\\O_{3}(g)\rightarrow O_{2}(g)+O(g)\\ H_{2}O_{2}(l)+O(g)\rightarrow H_{2}O(l)+O_{2}(g)\\ ---------------\\ H_{2}O_{2}(l)+O_{3}(g)\rightarrow H_{2}O(l)+O_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g) (the final net reaction)

Dioxygen is produced from both steps, one from the decomposition of ozone ( O_{3} ) and other is from the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with(O)

  • The path of the reaction can be investigated by using O^{18}_{3}/ H_{2}O^{18} .

Question 8.11 Whenever a reaction between an oxidising agent and a reducing agent is carried out, a compound of lower oxidation state is formed if the reducing agent is in excess and a compound of higher oxidation state is formed if the oxidising agent is in excess. Justify this statement giving three illustrations?

Answer :

These can be understood by the following examples-

  • P_{4} is reducing agent and Cl_{2} is an oxidizing agent

P_{4}+10Cl_{2}(Excess)\rightarrow PCl_{5} [O.N of phosphorus +5] \Rightarrow Higher O.S of P

P_{4}(Excess)+6Cl_{2}\rightarrow 4PCl_{3} [O.N of phosphorus +3] \Rightarrow Lower O.S of P

  • is an O_{2} is a reducing agent and C oxidising agent

C+O_{2}\rightarrow CO_{2} (O is in excess) [O.N of C +4]

C+O_{2}\rightarrow CO (C is in excess) [O.N of C +2]

  • K is a reducing agent and O_{2} is an oxidizing agent

K+O_{2}\rightarrow K_{2}O (K is in excess) [O.N of O -2] (lower O.S.)

K+O_{2}\rightarrow K_{2}O_{2} (O is in excess) [O.N of O -1] (lower O.S.)

Question 8.12(a) How do you count for the following observations?

Though alkaline potassium permanganate and acidic potassium permanganate both are used as oxidants, yet in the manufacture of benzoic acid from toluene we use alcoholic potassium permanganate as an oxidant. Why ? Write a balanced redox equation for the reaction.

Answer :

Alcohol and KMnO_{4} both are polar in nature and alcohol is homogenous to toluene because both are organic compounds. So the reaction is faster in the homogenous medium rather than heterogeneous medium. And hence all the compounds react at a faster rate.

Chemical equation-

C_{6}H_{6}CH_{3}+MnO_{4}^{-}(alc.)\rightarrow C_{6}H_{6}COO^{-}+MnO_{2}+H_{2}O(l)+OH^{-}(aq)

Question 8.12(b) How do you count for the following observations?

When concentrated sulphuric acid is added to an inorganic mixture containing chloride, we get colourless pungent smelling gas HCl, but if the mixture contains bromide then we get red vapour of bromine. Why ?

Answer :

  • Concentrated sulphuric acid is added to an inorganic mixture containing chloride-

2NaCl\:+\:2H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow \: 2NaHSO_{4}\:+\: 2HCl

HCl is a weak reducing agent and it cannot reduce H_{2}SO_{4} to SO_{2} thats why we get colourless pungent smelling gas HCl.

  • Concentrated sulphuric acid is added to an inorganic mixture containing bromide-

2NaBr\:+\:2H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow \: 2NaHSO_{4}\:+\: 2HBr

2HBr + H_{2}SO_{4}\:\rightarrow \:Br_{2} ( Red \:Vapour)\:+\:SO_{2}\:+\:2H_{2}O

When conc. sulphuric acid is added to an inorganic mixture containing bromide initially it produces HBr and it is a strong reducing agent so it reduces H_{2}SO_{4} to SO_{2} with evolution of is a red vapor of bromine.

Question 8.13(a) Identify the substance oxidised reduced, oxidising agent and reducing agent for each of the following reactions

(a)2AgBr(s)+C_{6}H_{6}O_{2}(aq)\rightarrow 2Ag(s)+2HBr(aq)+C_{6}H_{4}O_{2}(aq)

Answer :

Substance reduced/oxidizing agent- AgBr

Substance oxidized/reducing agent- C_{6}H_{6}O_{2}]

Question 8.13(b) Identify the substance oxidised reduced, oxidising agent and reducing agent for each of the following reactions

(b) HCHO(l)+2[Ag(NH_{3})]^+(aq) +3OH^-(aq)\rightarrow 2Ag(s)+HCOO^- (aq)+4NH_{3}(aq) +2H_{2}O(l)

Answer :

Substance reduced/oxidising agent- [Ag(NH_{3})_{2}]^+

Substance oxidised/reducing agent- HCHO

Question 8.13(d) Identify the substance oxidised reduced, oxidising agent and reducing agent for each of the following reactions

(d) N_{2}H_{4}(l)+2H_{2}O_{2}(l)\rightarrow N_{2}(g)+4H_{2}O(l)

Answer :

Substance oxidized/reducing agent- N_{2}H_{4}

Substance reduced/oxidizing agent- H_{2}O_{2}

Question 8.13(e) Identify the substance oxidised reduced, oxidising agent and reducing agent for each of the following reactions

(e)Pb(s)+PbO_{2}(s)+2H_{2}SO_{4}(aq)\rightarrow 2PbSO_{4}(s)+2H_{2}O(l)

Answer :

Substance oxidized/reducing agent- Pb

Substance reduced/oxidizing agent- PbO_{2}

Question 8.14 Consider the reactions :
2S_{2}O_{3}^{2-}(aq)+I_{2}(s)\rightarrow S_{4}O_{6}^{2-}(aq)+2I^{-}(aq)

2S_{2}O_{3}^{2-}(aq)+2Br_{2}(l)+5H_{2}O(l)\rightarrow SO_{4}^{2-}(aq)+4Br^{-}(aq)+10H^{+}(aq)

Why does the same reductant, thiosulphate react differently with iodine and bromine?

Answer :

F_{2}>Cl_{2}>Br_{2}>I_{2} oxidizing power order

Bromine is a stronger oxidizing agent than iodine. So in the case of bromine (avg. oxidation number of sulphur is changed from +2 to +6)

and in case of iodine it (+2 to +2.5). So that's why thiosulphate reacts differently with bromine and iodine.

Question 8.15 Justify giving reactions that among halogens, fluorine is the best oxidant and among hydrohalic compounds, hydroiodic acid is the best reductant.

Answer :

part(i)

Fluorine can oxidize other halogen ions. On the other hand Br_{2},I_{2},Cl_{2} cannot oxidize 2F^{-} \rightarrow F_{2}

F_{2}+2I^{-}\rightarrow 2F^{-}+I_{2} \\F_{2}+2Br^{-}\rightarrow 2F^{-}+Br_{2} \\F_{2}+2Cl^{-}\rightarrow 2F^{-}+Cl_{2}

And hence we say that fluorine is the better oxidant among halogen.

part(ii)

HI & HBr are able to reduce H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow SO_{2} but HCl,HF are unable to reduce sulphuric acid.

So here we can say that HI & HBr are better reductant than HCl,HF .

Again I^{-} can only able to reduce Cu^{2+}\rightarrow Cu^{+} but Br^{-} cannot.

4I^{-}+2Cu^{2+}\rightarrow Cu_{2}I_{2}+I_{2}

Hence among hydrohalic compound hydroiodic acid is the best reductant.

Question 8.16 Why does the following reaction occur?

XeO_{6}^{4-}(aq)+2F^{-}(aq)+6H^{+}(aq)\rightarrow XeO_{3}(g)+F_{2}(g)+3H_{2}O(l)

What conclusion about the compound Na_{4}XeO_{6} (of which XeO_{6}^{4-} is a part) can be drawn from the reaction ?

Answer :

we conclude that the oxidation state of Xenon changes from +8 to +6

XeO_{6}^{4-} (+8)\rightarrow XeO_{3}(+6)

and oxidation state of F changes from -1 to 0

F^{-}(-1)\rightarrow F_{2}(0)

Na_{4}XeO_{6} is reduced by accepting an electron.

It is a strong oxidizing agent than F

Question 8.17(a) Consider the reactions:

(a) H_{3}PO_{2}(aq)+4AgNO_{3}(aq)+2H_{2}O(l)\rightarrow H_{3}PO_{4}(aq)+4Ag(s)+4HNO_{3}(aq)

(b)H_{3}PO_{2}(aq)+2CuSO_{4}(aq)+2H_{2}O(l)\rightarrow H_{3}PO_{4}(aq)+2Cu(s)+4H_{2}SO_{4}(aq)

What inference do you draw about the behaviour of Ag^{+} and Cu^{+} from these reactions ?

Answer :

In the first reaction, we can see that Ag^{+} oxidizes the phosphorus from (+1 \rightarrow +5) also in second, we clearly see that Cu^{+} oxidize the phosphorus from (+1 \rightarrow +5).

Both are oxidizing agents.

Question 8.17(b) Consider the reactions:

(c)C_{6}H_{5}CHO(l)+2[Ag(NH_{3})_{2}]^{+}(aq)+3OH^{-}(aq)\rightarrow C_{6}H_{5}COO^{-}(aq)+2Ag^{+}(s)+4NH_{3}(aq)+2H_{2}O(l)

(d)C_{6}H_{5}CHO(l)+2Cu^{2+}(aq)+5OH^{-}(aq)\rightarrow No change observed

Answer :

Here, by looking at the reaction, we conclude that Ag^{+} oxidises C_{6}H_{5}CHO and in the second reaction Cu^{+} not able to oxidise. So we can say that Ag^{+} is stronger oxidizing agent than Cu^{+} .

Question 8.18(a) Balance the following redox reactions by ion – electron method

MnO_{4}^{-}(aq)+ I^{-}(aq)\rightarrow MnO_{2}(s)+ I_{2}(s) (In basic medium)

Answer :

reduction half reaction

MnO_{4}^{-}\rightarrow MnO_{2} (+7 to +4)

Add 3 electron on LHS side and after that to balance charge add OH ions. And to balance O atom add water molecule on whichever side it needed

balance it

MnO_{4}^{-}+2H_{2}O+3e^{-}\rightarrow MnO_{2} +4OH^{-}

oxidation half

I\rightarrow I_{2}

balance it

2I^{-}\rightarrow I_{2}+2e^{-}

equalising the no. of electrons by multiplying the oxidation half by 3 and reduction half by 2 and then add it.

6I^{-}\rightarrow 3I_{2}+ 6e^{-}\\&\ 2MnO_{4}^{-}+4H_{2}O+6e^{-}\rightarrow 2MnO_{2}+8OH^{-}

final answer-

2MnO_{4}^{-}+4H_{2}O+6I^{-}\rightarrow 2MnO_{2}+3I_{2}+8OH^{-}

Question 8.18(b) Balance the following redox reactions by ion – electron method

MnO_{4}^{-}(aq)+SO_{2}(g) \rightarrow Mn^{2+}(aq)+HSO_{4}^{-}

(In Acidic medium)

Answer -

oxidation half reaction

SO_{2}+2H_{2}O\rightarrow HSO_{4}^{-}+3H^{+}+2e^{-}

reduction half reaction

MnO_{4}^{-}+8H^{+}+5e^{-}\rightarrow Mn^{2+}+4H_{2}O

Balancing the reaction

multiply the oxidation half by 5 and reduction half by 2 and then add these two reactions

2MnO_{4}^{-}+5SO_{2}+2H_{2}O+H^{+}\rightarrow 2Mn^{2+}+5HSO_{4}^{-}

Question 8.18(c) Balance the following redox reactions by ion – electron method

(c) H_{2}O_{2}(aq)+Fe^{3+}(aq)\rightarrow Fe^{3+}(aq)+H_{2}O(l)

in acidic medium

Answer :

In acidic medium

oxidation half reaction-

Fe^{2+}\rightarrow Fe^{3+}+e^{-}

reduction half reaction-

H_{2}O_{2}+2H^{+}+2e^{-}\rightarrow 2H_{2}O

Balancing the reaction

multiply by 2 on oxidation half-reaction then add it with reduction half reaction

H_{2}O_{2}+2Fe^{2+}+2H^{+}\rightarrow 2Fe^{3+}+2H_{2}O

Question 8.18(d) Balance the following redox reactions by ion – electron method

Cr_{2}O_{7}^{2-}+SO_{2}(g) \rightarrow Cr^{3+}(aq)+SO_{4}^{2-}(aq)

in acidic medium

Answer :

Half-reaction

oxidation half SO_{2}+2H_{2}O\rightarrow SO_{4}^{2-}+4H^{+}+2e^{-}

reduction half Cr_{2}O_{7}^{2-}+14H^{+}+6e^{-}\rightarrow 2Cr^{3+}+3SO^{2-}+H_{2}O

balancing them by multiplying oxidation half by 3 and adding the reaction

Cr_{2}O_{7}^{2-}+3SO_{2}+2H^{+}\rightarrow 2Cr^{3+}+3SO_{4}^{2-}+H_{2}O

Question 8.20 What sorts of information can you draw from the following reaction?

(CN)_{2}(g)+2OH^{-}(aq)\rightarrow CN^{-}(aq) +CNO^{-}(aq)+H_{2}O(l)

Answer :

Carbon shows different oxidation state according to the compound formula.

here we can clearly say that Carbon is in its +3 oxidation state.

\\(CN)_{2}(+3)\rightarrow CN^{-}(+2)\\ (CN)_{2}(+3)\rightarrow CNO^{-}(+4)

The oxidation state of carbon is increased(oxidized) and decreased(reduced) as well in the product side. So it is a redox reaction and more specifically we can say it disproportion redox reaction.

Question 8.21 The Mn^{3+} ion is unstable in solution and undergoes disproportionation to give Mn^{2+} , MnO_{2} and H^{+} ion. Write a balanced ionic equation for the reaction

Answer :

The base equation

Mn^{3+}\rightarrow Mn^{2+}+MnO_{2}+H^{+}

write oxidation half with their oxidation state

Mn^{3+}(+3)\rightarrow MnO_{2}(+4)

Balance the charge on Mn by adding 1 e^{-} on RHS side. To balance charge add H^{+} ions on RHS side and then for oxygen balance add H_{2}O molecule on LHS side.

Mn^{3+}+2H_{2}O\rightarrow MnO_{2}+1e^{-}+4H^{+}

reduction half

Mn^{3+}(+3)\rightarrow Mn^{2+}(+2)

balancing the reduction half by adding 1 e^{-} on LHS side

Mn^{3+}+1e^{-}\rightarrow Mn^{2+}

Add both balanced reduction half and oxidation half

2Mn^{3+}+2H_{2}O\rightarrow Mn^{2+}+MnO_{2}+4H^{+}

Question 8.22 Consider the elements: Cs, Ne, I and F
(a) Identify the element that exhibits only negative oxidation state.

(b) Identify the element that exhibits only positive oxidation state

(c) Identify the element that exhibits both positive and negative oxidation states

(d) Identify the element which exhibits neither the negative nor does the positive oxidation state.

Answer :

(a) F (because of highly electronegative in nature)

(b) Cs (highly electropositive)

(c) I (has emplty d orbitals)

(d) Ne (enert gas

Question 8.23 Chlorine is used to purify drinking water. Excess of chlorine is harmful. The excess of chlorine is removed by treating with sulphur dioxide. Present a balanced equation for this redox change taking place in water

Answer :

Base equation- SO_{2}+Cl_{2}\rightarrow Cl^{-}+SO_{4}^{2-} --------------(have to remember)

Now we have to balance the oxidation half and reduction half.

oxidation half = SO_{2}\rightarrow SO_{4}^{2-}

balancing - Oxygen is balanced by adding water molecule, Hydrogen is balanced by H^{+} ion and for charge add e^{-} (electron) SO_{2} +2H_{2}O\rightarrow SO_{4}^{2-}+4H^{+}+2e^{-}

Reduction hallf = Cl_{2}\rightarrow Cl^{-}

Balancing - to balance charge add an electron Cl_{2}+2e^{-}\rightarrow 2Cl^{-}

Now add both balanced oxidation half and reduction half, we get

Cl_{2}+SO_{2}+2H_{2}O\rightarrow 2Cl^{-}+SO_{4}^{2-}+4H^{+}

Question 8.24 Refer to the periodic table given in your book and now answer the following questions:

(a) Select the possible non-metals that can show disproportionation reaction.

(b) Select three metals that can show disproportionation reaction

Answer :

(a) Phosphorus, sulphur and chlorine can show disproportionation reaction.

(b) Manganese, copper, indium and gallium can show disproportionation reaction.

Question 8.25 In Ostwald’s process for the manufacture of nitric acid, the first step involves the oxidation of ammonia gas by oxygen gas to give nitric oxide gas and steam. What is the maximum weight of nitric oxide that can be obtained starting only with 10.00 g. of ammonia and 20.00 g of oxygen?

Answer :

Answer-

we have,

number of moles(n) = given mass/ molecular mass ------------------------------(eq.1)

No. of moles of ammonia (NH_{3}) = 10/17 = 0.588

No. of moles of oxygen (O_{2}) = 20/32= 0.625

Balanced Reaction 4NH_{3}+5O_{2}\rightarrow 4NO + 6H_{2}O

Here we see that 4 moles of ammonia required 5 moles of oxygen. So

0.588 moles of ammonia = (5/4)*0.588 = 0.735 moles of (O_{2}) . But we have only 0.625 moles of (O_{2}) .

It means oxygen is a limiting reagent and the maximum weight of nitric oxide (NO) can be produced by 0.635 moles of (O_{2})

So, 5 moles of (O_{2}) produced 4 moles of C.

therefore 0.625 moles of (O_{2}) = (4/5)*0.625 = 0.5 moles of (NO) .

from Eq. 1

mass of (NO) = number of moles (NO) * molecular weight (NO)

= 0.5* 30

= 15 g

Alternate Method

directly consider the molecular weight

(17*4) g of NH3 required (5*32) g of O to produce (30*4) g of NO

So, 10g of NH3 required= (5*32/17*4)*10 = 23.5g of O. But we have only 20g (means O is limiting reagent) whatever the max. NO produce is from 20g of O.

and we know that 5*32g of O produce 30*4 g of NO

So, 20g of O produce =(30*4/5*32)*20 g of NO = 15g of NO

Question 8.26 Using the standard electrode potentials given in the Table 8.1, predict if the reaction between the following is feasible

(a) Fe^{3+}(aq) and I^{-}(aq)
(b) Ag^{+}(aq) and Cu(s)
(c) Fe^{3+} (aq) and Cu(s)
(d) Ag(s) and Fe^{3+} (aq)
(e) Br_{2}(aq) and Fe^{2+}(aq) .

Answer :

If E^{0} for the overall reaction is positive \rightarrow feasible

negative \rightarrow not feasible

(a) [Fe^{3+}+ e^{-}\rightarrow Fe^{2+} ]*2: E^{0} = 0.77V

2I^{-}\rightarrow I_{2}+2e^{-}: E^{0} = -0.54V

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2Fe^{3+}+2I^{-}\rightarrow Fe^{2+}+I_{2}: E^{0} = +0.23V


(b) Ag^{+}+e^{-}\rightarrow Ag(s)]*2: E^{0} = +0.80V

Cu\rightarrow Cu^{2+}+2e^{-}:E^{0} =-0.34V

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2Ag^{+}+Cu\rightarrow 2Ag+Cu^{2+}: E^{0}=+0.46V


(c) Fe^{3+}+e^{-}\rightarrow Fe^{2+}]*2 :E^{0}=+0.77V

2Br^{-}\rightarrow Br+2e^{- }:E^{0}=-1.09V

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

2Fe^{3+}+2Br^{-}\rightarrow 2Fe^{3+}+Br_{2}:E^{0}=-0.32


(d) Ag\rightarrow Ag^{+}+e^{-}:E^{0}=-0.80V

Fe^{3+}+e^{-}\rightarrow Fe^{2+}:E^{0}==0.77V

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ag+Fe^{3+}\rightarrow Ag^{+}+Fe^{2+}:E^{0}=-0.03V


(e) Br_{2}+2e^{-}\rightarrow 2Br^{-}:E^{0}=+1.09V

Fe^{2+}\rightarrow Fe^{3+}+e^{-}]*2:E^{0}=-0.77V

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Br_{2}+2Fe^{2+}\rightarrow 2Br^{-}+2Fe^{3+}:E^{0}=+0.32V

Question 8.27(i) Predict the products of electrolysis in each of the following:

(i) An aqueous solution of AgNO_{3} with silver electrodes

Answer :

Answer-

(i) AgNO_{3} dissociate into Ag^{+} and NO_{3}^{-}

@ Cathode - Ag^{+}(aq)+e^{-}\rightarrow Ag(s) (reduction potential of silver is higher than H_{2}O ) E^{0} = 0.80V

@ Anode - Ag(s)\rightarrow Ag^{+}(aq)+e^{-} ( oxidation potential of silver is higher than water molecule.So silver electrode oxidized ) E^{0} = -0.83V

Question 8.27(ii) Predict the products of electrolysis in each of the following:

An aqueous solution AgNO_{3} with platinum electrodes

Answer :

Answer-

(ii) since platinum (Pt) electrode cannot easily oxidize. So at the anode H_{2}O will oxidize and liberate oxygen and at cathode Ag will be deposited.

At cathode- Ag^{+}+e^{+}\rightarrow Ag

At anode- H_{2}O\rightarrow O_{2}+4H^{+} +4e^{-}

Question 8.27(iii) Predict the products of electrolysis in each of the following:

(iii) A dilute solution of H_{2}SO_{4} with platinum electrodes

Answer :

Answer-

given sulphuric acid is dilute.

ionize into H_{2}SO_{4}\rightarrow 2H^{+}+ SO_{4}^{2-}

At cathode H^{+}+e^{-}\rightarrow 1/2H_{2}(g)

At anode, There will be -(liberation of oxygen gas)

H_{2}O\rightarrow 1/2O_{2}+4H^{+}+4e^{-}

Question 8.27(iv) Predict the products of electrolysis in each of the following:

An aqueous solution of CuCl2 with platinum electrodes

Answer :

Answer-

(iv) In aqueous solution CuCl_{2} ionise into Cu^{2+} and 2Cl^{-}

At the cathode , the copper ion will be deposited because it has a higher reduction potential than the water molecule

At the anode , the lower electrode potential value will be preferred but due to overpotential of oxygen, chloride ion gets oxidized at the anode.

@ Anode- 2Cl^{-}\rightarrow Cl_{2}+2e^{-}

@ cathode- Cu^{2+}+2e^{-}\rightarrow Cu

Question 8.28 Arrange the following metals in the order in which they displace each other from the solution of their salts. Al, Cu, Fe, Mg and Zn

Answer :

Answer-

In order to displace a metal from its metal salt is done only when the other metal has higher electrode potential.

Mg(-2.36),Al(-1.66),Zn(-0.76),Fe(-0.44),Cu(+0.34)

Question 8.29 Given the standard electrode potentials

K^{+}/K = -2.93 V Ag^{+}/Ag = 0.80V

Hg^{2+}/Hg= 0.79V

Mg^{2+}/Mg = -2.37V Cr^{3+}/Cr = -0.74V

arrange these metals in their increasing order of reducing power.

Answer :

Answer-

A negative electrode potential (E^{0}) means redox couple is a stronger reducing agent. So as per data the increasing order of the following is-

Ag<Hg<Cr<Mg<K

Question 8.30 Depict the galvanic cell in which the reaction

Zn(s)+2Ag^{+}\rightarrow Zn^{2+}(aq)+2Ag(s)
takes place, Further show:

(i) which of the electrode is negatively charged,

(ii) the carriers of the current in the cell, and

(iii) individual reaction at each electrode.

Answer :

Answers-

(i) Zn electrode is negatively charged because it loses electrons (act as an anode)

(ii) electron flow from negatively charged electrode to a positively charged electrode (anode to cathode) and the flow of current is just reversed. So current flow through silver cathode to the zinc anode.

(iii) At Anode- Zn\rightarrow Zn^{2+}+2e^{-}

At Cathode Ag^{+}+e^{-}\rightarrow Ag

More About Redox Reactions Class 11 NCERT Chemistry Chapter

Redox reactions are the class of reactions in which reduction and oxidation occur simultaneously. In NCERT book for class 11 chemistry chapter 8 Redox Reactions you will get to know three-tier conceptualization of redox reactions which are classical, electronic, and oxidation number. Two methods, oxidation number, and half reaction method are used to balance chemical equations for redox reactions. Oxidation number method is based on the change in the oxidation number of oxidizing agent and the reducing agent and in half-reaction method, redox reaction split into two half reactions-one involving reduction and the other involving oxidation.

After completing NCERT solutions for class 11 chemistry chapter 8 Redox Reactions you will be able to identify redox reaction; define terms like reduction, oxidation, reducing agent and oxidising agent; explain mechanism of redox reaction by electron transfer process; identify reductant and oxidation by using the concept of oxidation number; balance chemical equations by using two methods-oxidation number method and half reaction method.

Important Points of Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 8 Redox Reactions-

1. Redox reactions are the class of reactions in which reduction and oxidation occur simultaneously.

2. The oxidation number represents the total number of electrons gained or lost by an atom.

3. Oxidation is the process which involves the addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen.

4. The reduction is the process which involves removal of oxygen or addition of hydrogen.

Topics of NCERT Syllabus Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 8 Redox Reactions

8.1 Classical Idea of Redox Reactions-Oxidation and Reduction Reactions

8.2 Redox Reactions in Terms of Electron Transfer Reactions

8.3 Oxidation Number

8.4 Redox Reactions and Electrode Processes

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Subject Wise

Benefits of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 8 Redox Reactions

  • The comprehensive answers given in the NCERT solutions for class 11 chemistry chapter 8 Redox Reactions will help you to understand the chapter easily.
  • Revision will be a lot much easier such that you always remember the concepts and get very good marks in your class.
  • Homework will be easy now, all you need to do is check the detailed CBSE NCERT solutions for class 11 chemistry chapter 8 Redox Reactions and you are good to go.

If you have a doubt or question that is not available here or in any of the chapters, contact us. You will get all the answers that will help you score well in your exams.

Also Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here:

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

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A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is

Option 1)

0.34\; J

Option 2)

0.16\; J

Option 3)

1.00\; J

Option 4)

0.67\; J

A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times.  Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated.  How much fat will he use up considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up ?  Fat supplies 3.8×107 J of energy per kg which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate.  Take g = 9.8 ms−2 :

Option 1)

2.45×10−3 kg

Option 2)

 6.45×10−3 kg

Option 3)

 9.89×10−3 kg

Option 4)

12.89×10−3 kg

 

An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range

Option 1)

2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J

Option 2)

200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J

Option 3)

2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J

Option 4)

20,000 \, \, J - 50,000 \, \, J

A particle is projected at 600   to the horizontal with a kinetic energy K. The kinetic energy at the highest point

Option 1)

K/2\,

Option 2)

\; K\;

Option 3)

zero\;

Option 4)

K/4

In the reaction,

2Al_{(s)}+6HCL_{(aq)}\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}\, _{(aq)}+6Cl^{-}\, _{(aq)}+3H_{2(g)}

Option 1)

11.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}  at STP  is produced for every mole HCL_{(aq)}  consumed

Option 2)

6L\, HCl_{(aq)}  is consumed for ever 3L\, H_{2(g)}      produced

Option 3)

33.6 L\, H_{2(g)} is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts

Option 4)

67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)} at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .

How many moles of magnesium phosphate, Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?

Option 1)

0.02

Option 2)

3.125 × 10-2

Option 3)

1.25 × 10-2

Option 4)

2.5 × 10-2

If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12, mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative atomic mass unit, the mass of one mole of a substance will

Option 1)

decrease twice

Option 2)

increase two fold

Option 3)

remain unchanged

Option 4)

be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.

With increase of temperature, which of these changes?

Option 1)

Molality

Option 2)

Weight fraction of solute

Option 3)

Fraction of solute present in water

Option 4)

Mole fraction.

Number of atoms in 558.5 gram Fe (at. wt.of Fe = 55.85 g mol-1) is

Option 1)

twice that in 60 g carbon

Option 2)

6.023 × 1022

Option 3)

half that in 8 g He

Option 4)

558.5 × 6.023 × 1023

A pulley of radius 2 m is rotated about its axis by a force F = (20t - 5t2) newton (where t is measured in seconds) applied tangentially. If the moment of inertia of the pulley about its axis of rotation is 10 kg m2 , the number of rotations made by the pulley before its direction of motion if reversed, is

Option 1)

less than 3

Option 2)

more than 3 but less than 6

Option 3)

more than 6 but less than 9

Option 4)

more than 9

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