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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 1 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 1 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Edited By Irshad Anwar | Updated on May 08, 2025 08:26 PM IST | #CBSE Class 12th

Reproduction in plants is an important process that helps in producing seeds and growing new plants, that make sure their varieties remain in continuity and spread. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants proves to be an important chapter for the students of the 12th standard. The NCERT Solutions explain important processes such as pollination, fertilization, and the formation of seeds in easy terms. These solutions also help students understand the anatomy and functioning of various components of a flower, which is necessary to achieve maximum marks in examinations.

This Story also Contains
  1. NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
  2. Detailed NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 1 (Solved Exercise)
  3. Important Question
  4. Approach to Solve Questions of Class 12 Chapter 1
  5. What Extra Should Students Study Beyond the NCERT for NEET?
  6. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology: Chapter-wise
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 1 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 1 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
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Correct definitions of such vital topics as microsporogenesis, megasporogenesis, and double fertilization help students to understand these terms, which are frequently requested in examinations. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants covers terms such as synergids, antipodals, apomixis, parthenocarpy, and pollen-pistil interaction. The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 answers make complex terms such as self-incompatibility and artificial hybridization simple. Constant practice using these solutions improves the confidence level of students and allows them to answer questions during exams.

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NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Explore the fascinating process of how flowering plants reproduce. The free PDF below offers easy-to-follow solutions that explain important concepts like pollination, fertilization, and seed formation. Download PDF

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Detailed NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 1 (Solved Exercise)

Find complete and well-explained solutions to all exercise questions below, which are designed to help you understand each concept clearly.

Question 1. Name the parts of an angiosperm flower in which the development of male and female gametophytes takes place.

Answer:

In angiosperm flowers, the Gametophyte development takes place at certain sites.

  • Male gametophyte (pollen) forms within the anther's pollen sac (microsporangium).
  • Female gametophyte (embryo sac) forms inside the ovule, in the nucellus.

Question 2. Differentiate between microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis. Which type of cell division occurs during these events? Name the structures formed at the end of these two events.

Answer:

Microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis are important processes in plant reproduction that have key differences. Both involve meiosis, a type of cell division.

MicrosporogenesisMegasporogenesis
The process of formation of a functional haploid microspore is called microsporogenesis.The process of formation of a functional haploid microspore is called megasporogenesis.
Microsporogenesis takes place in the pollen sac of the antherMegasporogenesis takes place inside the ovule
Four functional microspores are formed as a result of microsporogenesisOnly one functional megaspore is formed as a result of megasporogenesis; the other three are degenerated
The four micropores produced as a result of microsporogenesis are arranged in a tetradThe four micropores produced as a result of megasporogenesis are arranged linearly

During microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis, meiosis occurs and results in the formation of four microspores and megaspores, respectively. Later, mitosis occurs to give rise to the microgametophyte and megagametophyte.

At the end of microsporogenesis, four functional haploid microspores are formed, whereas at the end of megasporogenesis, four megaspores are formed, out of which three degenerate and only one functional megaspore remains.

Question 3. Arrange the following terms in the correct developmental sequence: Pollen grain, sporogenous tissue, microspore tetrad, pollen mother cell, and male gametes.

Answer:

The correct developmental sequence is as follows:

Sporogenous tissue → Pollen mother cell → Microspore tetrad → Pollen grain → male gametes

Question 4. With a neat, labelled diagram, describe the parts of a typical angiosperm ovule.

Answer:

The diagram of a typical angiosperm ovule is as follows:

ovule

An ovule consists of a funicle, micropyle, integuments, nucellus, embryo sac, hilum, chalaza, etc.

  • Funicle - It is the stalk of the ovule which connects the ovule to the placenta. Funicle is short and multicellular.
  • Hilum - It is the point where the funicle connects the main body of the ovule.
  • Integuments - These are the layers that surround the ovule. There can be an outer integument and an inner integument. The main function of integuments is to protect the inner tissues.
  • Micropyle - The opening which is present at the top of the integuments is called the micropyle. The main function of the micropyle is to allow the entry of the pollen tube into the ovule.
  • Nucellus - Integuments surround parenchymatous tissue, which constitutes the main body of the ovule and is called the nucellus. The primary function of the nucellus is to provide nutrition to the developing embryo.
  • Chalaza - The swollen part of the ovule present opposite to the micropyle is called the chalaza.
  • Embryo sac - It is present in the nucellus, and it contains a female gamete called an egg.

Question 5. What is meant by the monosporic development of female gametophytes?

Answer:

Monosporic development is a particular process in the development of the female gametophyte.

  • It signifies that the female gametophyte (embryo sac) develops from one functional megaspore.
  • The megaspore develops into the embryo sac through mitotic divisions.

Question 6. With a neat diagram, explain the 7-celled, 8-nucleate nature of the female gametophyte.

Answer:

The diagram of 7-celled 8-nucleate embryo sacs of plants is as follows:

7- celled 8- nucleate embryo sacs

The female gametophyte of plants is formed from a single functional megaspore with the help of four unequal mitotic divisions. These mitotic divisions give rise to 8 nuclei. Later, these nuclei assemble into 7 cells. To both chalazal and micropylar ends, three cells each move. The three cells at the chalaza are called antipodal cells, while those at the micropylar end constitute the egg apparatus. The egg apparatus includes two larger cells called synergid, while the egg is the smallest cell that acts as a female gamete.

Two nuclei migrate to the centre,e and together they form a single cell called the central cell. This central cell consists of two nuclei called polar nuclei. Thus, the mature embryo sac possesses 7 cells ( 3 antipodal cells, 2 synergid cells, 1 egg cell, and 1 central cell) and 8 nuclei ( 3 antipodal cells, 2 synergid cells, 1 egg cell, and 2 central cells).

Question 7. What are chasmogamous flowers? Can cross-pollination occur in cleistogamous flowers? Give reasons for your answer.

Answer:

Flowers can be of two types, i.e., chasmogamous flowers or cleistogamous flowers.

  • Chasmogamous flowers are open flowers that have their anthers and stigma exposed.
  • These flowers facilitate cross-pollination.
  • On the other hand, cleistogamous flowers are closed flowers whose anthers and stigmas are not exposed.
  • Since these flowers do not open at all, only self-pollination occurs in these and cross-pollination is never seen.

Thus, Cross-pollination cannot occur in cleistogamous flowers.

Question 8. Mention two strategies evolved to prevent self-pollination in flowers.

Answer:

Self-pollination refers to the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower. Continuous self-pollination can reduce the variations in the progeny and cause a reduction in vigour and vitality. Thus, plants have developed certain mechanisms to avoid self-pollination and ensure cross-pollination. The two mechanisms to prevent self-pollination are as follows:

  1. Self-sterility or self-incompatibility - In this mechanism, the pollen grains of a flower do not germinate on the stigma of the same flower. This occurs due to the presence of some self-sterile genes. This mechanism is genetic.
  2. Dichogamy- In this method, the timing of maturation of anthers and stigmas of a bisexual flower is different to prevent self-pollination.

Protandry- Anthers mature earlier than the stigma of the same flower. So, even if the pollens fall on these stigmas, they are unable to germinate. E.g. sunflower, Salvia.

Protogyny- Stigmas mature earlier than anthers and get pollinated by mature pollen grains of other flowers. E.g. Mirabilis jalapa.

Question 9. What is self-incompatibility? Why does self-pollination not lead to seed formation in self-incompatible species?

Answer:

Self-incompatibility refers to the genetic inability of fully functional pollen grains and ovules to produce viable seeds.

  • This is mainly due to the presence of S or self-genes.
  • If these genes are present in pollen as well as ovules, they will not be able to produce viable seeds.
  • Self-pollination does not lead to the formation of seeds in self-incompatible species due to the presence of certain chemical substances that block the germination of pollen grains on the stigma and also obstruct their passage to the ovary.

Question 10. What is the bagging technique? How is it useful in a plant breeding programme?

Answer:

The bagging technique is a tool used in plant breeding. Bagging refers to covering emasculated flowers with the help of butter paper or plastic bags to avoid contamination of the stigma of these flowers with undesired pollens.

  • This technique is used during artificial hybridisation experiments.
  • This technique is useful in breeding programmes because it prevents contamination of stigma with unwanted pollens.
  • So, through this technique, we can allow the breeding of species according to our needs and obtain superior species.

Question 11. What is triple fusion? Where and how does it take place? Name the nuclei involved in triple fusion.

Answer:

A pollen grain produces two male gametes. Out of these, one male gamete fuses with the egg cell and produces a zygote. The second male gamete fuses with the two polar nuclei of the central cell to produce the primary endosperm nucleus. Since this fusion includes three haploid nuclei, it is called triple fusion.

  • The process of triple fusion occurs in the central cell of the embryo sac.
  • The pollen tube delivers one nucleus to the egg cell while the other one migrates to the centre and fuses polar nuclei.

In triple fusion, two polar nuclei and one male gamete are involved.

Question 12. Why do you think the zygote is dormant for some time in a fertilised ovule?

Answer:

The zygote starts developing into an embryo only when a certain amount of endosperm has developed. This is because endosperm provides nourishment to the developing embryo. Thus, a zygote remains dormant in a fertilised ovule till the endosperm has developed.

Question 13(a) . Differentiate between:

(a) hypocotyl and epicotyl

Answer:

The differences between hypocotyl and epicotyl are as follows:

HypocotylEpicotyl
This is the portion of the embryo present below the cotyledon.This is the portion of the embryo present above the cotyledon.
Hypocotyl ends in radicleEpicotyl ends into plumule

Question 13(b) . Differentiate between:

(b) coleoptile and coleorrhiza

Answer:

The differences between coleoptile and coleorhiza are as follows:

ColeoptileColeorrhiza
Coleoptile refers to the protective covering that surrounds the plumuleColeorrhiza is the sheath that surrounds the radicle and root cap
This sheath can come out of the soil, become green, and perform photosynthesis.Coleorrhiza remains in the soil only.

Question 13(c) . Differentiate between:

(c) integument and testa

Answer:

The differences between integument and testa are as follows:

IntegumentTesta
It is a ppre-fertilisationstructure that covers the ovuleIt is a post-fertilisation structure that covers the seed
The integument is a thin layer consisting of living cellsTesta is a thick coat consisting of dead cells
The integument arises from ChalazaTesta is derived from the integuments

Question 13(d). Differentiate between:

(d) perisperm and pericarp

Answer:

The differences between the perisperm and pericarp are as follows:

PerispermPericarp
Perisperm refers to the residual persistent nucellusThe pericarp is the wall of the fruit derived from the ovary wall
Perisperm is non-functional to the seedThe function of the pericarp is the protection of the inside structures
It is dryIt is fleshy.

Question 14. Why is an apple called a false fruit? Which part(s) of the flower form the fruit?

Answer:

The fruits are formed from the ovary of a flower after fertilisation.

  • Such fruits that develop from the ovary are called true fruits.
  • On the other hand, fruits formed from any part of the flower other than the ovary are called false fruits.
  • Apple is called a false fruit because it develops from the thalamus and not from the ovary.
  • The parts of flowers that take part in fruit formation are the ovary, thalamus, etc.

Question 15. What is meant by emasculation? When and why does a plant breeder employ this technique?

Answer:

The process of removal of anthers from the flower with the help of forceps without affecting the female reproductive parts is called emasculation. This technique is used by plant breeders to allow suggestive breeding between plants to produce plants with desired seeds. Hence, it can be used to prevent self-pollination or cross-pollination according to the needs of the breeder.

Question 16. If one can induce parthenocarpy through the application of growth substances, which fruits would you select to induce parthenocarpy and why?

Answer:

The fruits formed as a result of parthenocarpy are generally seedless. Hence, for parthenocarpy, we can select fruits that have a lot of seeds in them. Such fruits include watermelon, orange, muskmelon, lemon, etc. So we can select watermelon to induce parthenocarpy because by this method, we can have seedless watermelons.

Question 17. Explain the role of the tapetum in the formation of the pollen-grain wall.

Answer:

The tapetum is the nutritive innermost layer of the microsporangium that provides nutrition to the developing microspores. The role of the tapetum in the formation of the pollen grain wall is as follows:

  • Tapetum secretes ubisch granules required for the formation of sporopollenin in the exine (outer wall) of the pollen grain
  • Tapetum also secretes pollen kit substances required for the formation of the pollen grain wall

Question 18. What is apomixis, and what is its importance?

Answer:

The process of development of seeds from diploid cells of nucellus tissue without the process of fertilisation is called apomixis. This process is a form of asexual reproduction that mimics sexual reproduction. Apomixis is very commonly seen in grasses.

Importance of apomixis

  • Apomixis is used by horticulturists to produce hybrid seeds.
  • Apomixis leads to the formation of infection-free embryos.
  • Apomixis can be used to produce multiple embryos at a time.
  • Apomictic embryos are genetically similar to their parent plants. For this reason, they can be used to conserve specific characteristics in crop plants.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12- Subject-wise


Important Question

Question 1: During embryo germination in a grass family, an absorptive organ that forms an interface between the embryo and the starchy endosperm tissue is called

Option 1- Coleorhiza

Option 2- Coleoptile

Option 3- Scutellum

Option 4- Mesocotyl

Answer:

During embryo germination in the grass family, the absorptive organ that forms an interface between the embryo and the starchy endosperm tissue is called the scutellum. The scutellum is a specialized structure found in the seeds of grasses (family Poaceae) and serves as the primary absorptive organ during germination. It is a shield-shaped structure located on one side of the embryo, specifically on the side facing the endosperm.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3. Scutellum

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Solutions

Approach to Solve Questions of Class 12 Chapter 1

To effectively solve Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants questions, follow these steps:

  1. Be aware of the structure of a flower, including reproductive organs like stamens and pistils.
  2. Gain information about the nature of pollination (self and cross-pollination) as well as their vectors.
  3. Note events like pollen-pistil interaction, double fertilization, and post-fertilization events.
  4. Keep in mind terms like microsporogenesis, megasporogenesis, and embryo sac development.
  5. Practice flower, pollen grain, and ovule structure diagrams for clarity.
  6. Rephrase the significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation for clarity in concepts.
  7. Try previous year questions and sample papers for practice in depth.
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Also, check the NCERT Books and the NCERT Syllabus here

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What Extra Should Students Study Beyond the NCERT for NEET?

Below is a table highlighting the most important topics from the chapter that students should focus on for NEET preparation beyond the NCERT.

TOPICNEETNCERT
Introduction to Reproduction and Lifespan
Asexual Reproduction and Its Types
Binary Fission & Its Types
Multiple Fission
Budding & Its Types
Fragmentation, Gemmulation & Regeneration
Sporulation & Types of Spores
Vegetative Propagation: Natural Methods
Artificial Methods of Vegetative Propagation
Micropropagation
Sexual Reproduction & Its Characteristics
Syngamy
Phases in Life Cycle
Pre-Fertilization Events: Gametogenesis
Pre-Fertilization Events: Gamete Transfer
Fertilization
Post-Fertilisation Events
Parthenogenesis
Revision of Flower- The Reproductive Structure of the Angiosperms
Stamen
Structure of Anther
Microsporogenesis & Dehiscence of Anther
Structure of Pollen Grain
Development of Male Gametophyte
The Pistil & Megasporangium
Megasporogenesis, Megagametogenesis & Structure of Embryo Sac
Pollination and Its Types
Agents of Pollination: Abiotic Agents
Insect Pollination
Ornithophily & Chiropterophily
Outbreeding Devices
Self Incompatibility
Fertilization & Mode of Entry of Pollen Tube in Ovule
Double Fertilization
Artificial Hybridization: Emasculation & Bagging
Post-Fertilization Events
Endosperm Development
Embryogeny in Dicots
Structure of Dicot Embryo
Embryogeny and Structure of Embryo in Monocots
Seed and Fruit
Parthenocarpy
Apomixis & Polyembryony

NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 1 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants is all about flowers giving rise to new flowers. We will be talking about flower Parts, how pollen and eggs are formed, and how they come together to form seeds and fruits. Students will learn a lot about plants, plant breeding, different types of pollination, etc. This chapter is very important in the board exam as well as in further competitive exams. Students are advised to grasp the concepts effectively so they can solve the difficult questions easily and score better marks.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology: Chapter-wise

Find chapter-wise solutions below, designed to help you understand concepts clearly and prepare effectively for exams.


Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is sexual reproduction in flowering plants according to NCERT Class 12 Biology?

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves the fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in a diploid zygote. This process occurs within flowers, specifically through pollination, fertilization, and subsequent seed development

2. What are the important topics which are mentioned in NCERT solution for class 12 biology chapter 1 sexual reproduction in flowering plants?

These are the important topics which are mentioned in NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 1 sexual reproduction in flowering plants:   

  • Flower - A Fascinating Organ of Angiosperms  
  • Pre - Fertilisation: Structures and Events  
  • Stamen, Microsporangium and Pollen Grain  
  • The Pistil, Megasporangium (ovule) and Embryo sac  
  • Pollination  
  • Double Fertilization  
  • Post - Fertilisation: Structures and Events  
  • Endosperm  
  • Embryo  
  • Seed  
  • Apomixis And Polyembryony 
3. Why you should use NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 1 sexual reproduction in flowering plants?
  • NCERT is the base, especially for CBSE students.  
  • In NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 1 sexual reproduction in flowering plants, you will get all the answers to this chapter and it will help you to score good marks in the exam.  
  • This will also help you to score good marks in competitive exams like NEET.  
  • NCERT solutions also help you in your 12th board exam.  
  • class 12 biology ch 1 ncert solutions sexual reproduction in flowering plants will also boost up your knowledge.  
  • To Score Well in the examination, follow NCERT syllabus and exercise given in the NCERT Book. To practice more problems, students can refer to NCERT exemplar  
4. What are the difference between coleoptile and coleorrhiza given in class 12 biology chapter 1?

The differences between coleoptile and coleorrhiza given in class 12 biology chapter 1 ncert solutions are as follows:  

  Coleoptile  
 Coleorrhiza  
Coleoptile refers to the protective covering that surrounds the plumule.
Coleorrhiza is the sheath that surrounds the radicle and root cap.
This sheath can come out of the soil, become green and perform photosynthesis.  
Coleorrhiza remains in the soil only. 
5. How does pollination occur in flowering plants as explained in NCERT?

In flowering plants, pollination, as described in NCERT, is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther (male part) to the stigma (female part) of a flower, enabling fertilization and seed development.

6. What are the different types of pollination mentioned in NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 1?

In NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 1, "Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants," discusses two main types of pollination: self-pollination (autogamy and geitonogamy) and cross-pollination (xenogamy), with autogamy occurring within the same flower and geitonogamy between different flowers on the same plant.

7. How does seed formation occur in plants according to NCERT?

According to NCERT, seed formation in flowering plants (angiosperms) begins with pollination, followed by fertilization where a male gamete fuses with a female gamete, resulting in a zygote that develops into an embryo within the ovule, which then matures into a seed. 

8. Why is double fertilization unique to angiosperms?

Double fertilization, where one sperm fuses with the egg to form a zygote and another fuses with two polar nuclei to form endosperm, is unique to angiosperms (flowering plants) because this process is crucial for their reproductive success, specifically for seed and fruit development.

9. What are the different types of ovules found in flowering plants?

Flowering plants exhibit different ovule types based on their orientation and curvature, including orthotropous, anatropous, campylotropous, amphitropous, and circinotropous ovules.

10. How does pollen-pistil interaction take place in sexual reproduction?

Pollen-pistil interaction, crucial for sexual reproduction in flowering plants, involves a series of events from pollen deposition on the stigma to the formation of the pollen tube and fertilization, including pollen recognition, germination, and tube growth. 

11. What is the structure and function of an embryo sac in plants?

The embryo sac, or female gametophyte, is a crucial structure in flowering plants, residing within the ovule, and plays a vital role in reproduction by facilitating fertilization and embryo development.

12. How does artificial hybridization help in plant breeding?

Artificial hybridization in plant breeding allows breeders to control pollination and cross-pollinate plants. They breed with specific desirable traits, leading to improved crop varieties with traits like disease resistance, higher yield, or better quality.

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A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is

Option 1)

0.34\; J

Option 2)

0.16\; J

Option 3)

1.00\; J

Option 4)

0.67\; J

A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times.  Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated.  How much fat will he use up considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up ?  Fat supplies 3.8×107 J of energy per kg which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate.  Take g = 9.8 ms−2 :

Option 1)

2.45×10−3 kg

Option 2)

 6.45×10−3 kg

Option 3)

 9.89×10−3 kg

Option 4)

12.89×10−3 kg

 

An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range

Option 1)

2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J

Option 2)

200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J

Option 3)

2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J

Option 4)

20,000 \, \, J - 50,000 \, \, J

A particle is projected at 600   to the horizontal with a kinetic energy K. The kinetic energy at the highest point

Option 1)

K/2\,

Option 2)

\; K\;

Option 3)

zero\;

Option 4)

K/4

In the reaction,

2Al_{(s)}+6HCL_{(aq)}\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}\, _{(aq)}+6Cl^{-}\, _{(aq)}+3H_{2(g)}

Option 1)

11.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}  at STP  is produced for every mole HCL_{(aq)}  consumed

Option 2)

6L\, HCl_{(aq)}  is consumed for ever 3L\, H_{2(g)}      produced

Option 3)

33.6 L\, H_{2(g)} is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts

Option 4)

67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)} at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .

How many moles of magnesium phosphate, Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?

Option 1)

0.02

Option 2)

3.125 × 10-2

Option 3)

1.25 × 10-2

Option 4)

2.5 × 10-2

If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12, mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative atomic mass unit, the mass of one mole of a substance will

Option 1)

decrease twice

Option 2)

increase two fold

Option 3)

remain unchanged

Option 4)

be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.

With increase of temperature, which of these changes?

Option 1)

Molality

Option 2)

Weight fraction of solute

Option 3)

Fraction of solute present in water

Option 4)

Mole fraction.

Number of atoms in 558.5 gram Fe (at. wt.of Fe = 55.85 g mol-1) is

Option 1)

twice that in 60 g carbon

Option 2)

6.023 × 1022

Option 3)

half that in 8 g He

Option 4)

558.5 × 6.023 × 1023

A pulley of radius 2 m is rotated about its axis by a force F = (20t - 5t2) newton (where t is measured in seconds) applied tangentially. If the moment of inertia of the pulley about its axis of rotation is 10 kg m2 , the number of rotations made by the pulley before its direction of motion if reversed, is

Option 1)

less than 3

Option 2)

more than 3 but less than 6

Option 3)

more than 6 but less than 9

Option 4)

more than 9

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