NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 2 Units and Measurement

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 2 Units and Measurement

Edited By Vishal kumar | Updated on Aug 22, 2023 12:06 PM IST

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 2 Unit and Measurement – Free PDF Download

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 2: Welcome to the updated Class 11 physics chapter 2 exercise solutions. On this page of NCERT Solutions from Careers360, you will find the complete solutions for the NCERT exercises. There are a total of 33 questions, ranging from 2.1 to 2.24 in the exercise section and from 2.25 to 2.33 in the additional exercise section. In addition to the step-by-step solutions, this page of the 11th physics chapter 2 exercise solution, also includes essential chapter-wise formulas. These formulas will assist students during class tests, assignments, homework, and revision for exams.

As far as the CBSE board is considered a good percentage of questions are asked directly from NCERT concepts and exercises. This is where a tool like CBSE NCERT solutions for Physics Class 11 Chapter 2 Units and Measurement is important. NCERT solutions for class 11 give an explanation of all the exercise questions. NCERT solutions help in the self-evaluation of the concept studied in the chapter.

Solution of physics class 11 Chapter 2 gives understanding the basics of units and measurements is crucial for students as it forms the foundation of many daily activities. The latest CBSE Syllabus 2023 emphasizes the importance of this topic, and students can benefit from NCERT solutions for class 11 physics chapter 2 to grasp the key concepts. From purchasing groceries like milk, bread, sugar, and rice to preparing meals, everything involves units and measurements. Therefore, it is essential for students to learn this topic effectively.

NCERT Class 11 Physics Chapter 2 Units and Measurements: Important Formulas and Diagrams + eBook link

Enhance your understanding of NCERT Class 11 Physics Chapter 2, 'Units and Measurements,' with our compilation of essential formulas, diagrams, and an eBook link. This resource equips you with crucial tools to grasp the chapter's concepts effectively. Access the eBook for comprehensive learning.

  • Unit and Dimensions of Some Physical Quantities:

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Physical Quantity

Unit

Dimension

Density

kg/m3

M/L3

Force

Newton(N)

ML/T2

Work

Joule(J) (=N-m)

ML2/T2

Power

Watt (w) (=J/s)

ML2/T3

Momentum

Kg-m/s

ML/T

Gravitational Constant

N-m2/kg2

L3/MT2

Angular Velocity

radian/s

T

Angular acceleration

radian/s2

T-2

Angular momentum

Kg-m2/s

ML2/T

Angular frequency

radian/s

T-1

Moment of Intertia

kg-m2

ML2

Torque

N-m

ML2/T2

Frequency

Hertz(Hz)

T-1

period

s

T

Surface Tension

N/m

M/T2

Specific heat capacity

J/(kg-K)

L2/T2K

Heat

J

ML2/T2

Electric dipole moment

C-m

LIT

Electric field

V/m (m-k)

ML/IT3

Potential

volt(V) (=J/C)

ML2/IT3

Electric flux

V-m

ML3/IT3

Capacitance

farad(F)

I2T4/ML2

Electromotive force

volt(v)

ML2/IT3

Magnetic field

Tesla(T)

M/IT2

Magnetic flux

Weber (Wb)

ML2/IT2

These are the physical quantity and dimension. you can also access the chapter-wise formula for all chapters by clicking on the below-given link.

Download Ebook - Formula Sheet for Physics Class 11: Chapterwise Important Formulas With Examples, Graphs, And Points

11th physics chapter 2 exercise unit and measurement - Important Topics

In units and measurements class 11 exercise solutions, "Units and Measurements," several key topics hold significance:

Fundamental and Derived Quantities: These are the building blocks and their expressions of other physical quantities, respectively. Fundamentals are independent, while derived quantities are defined in terms of them.

Units and Systems: Systems of units provide standards for measuring physical quantities. The SI system, grounded in fundamental units like meters and kilograms, is widely used.

Significant Figures: These are digits in a measurement known with certainty along with one estimated digit. They convey precision and accuracy.

Errors and Their Types: Errors encompass deviations from true measurements. Systematic errors always skew in one direction, while random errors occur unpredictably.

Rounding Off: The process of discarding the least significant digits during measurements, contributing to clear reporting.

Dimensions of Physical Quantities: These are scaling factors for fundamental units to derive quantities. They highlight how various units interact.

Unit Conversion: The act of transitioning between different unit systems to ensure coherence in measurements.

Remember these tips when studying the class 11 physics ch 2 exercise solutions:

  • Grasp the distinction between fundamental and derived quantities.
  • Familiarize yourself with different unit systems, particularly the SI system.
  • Practice working with significant figures and applying rounding off.
  • Understand the various error types and strategies to mitigate them.
  • Learn the art of unit conversion.

** This chapter has been renumbered as Chapter 1 in accordance with the CBSE Syllabus 2023–24.

Also read :

Free download Physics class 11 chapter 2 exercise solutions PDF for CBSE exam.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 2 Units and Measurements

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Access the class 11 physics chapter 2 exercise solutions unit and measurement

Q2.1 Fill in the blanks

(a) The volume of a cube of side 1 cm is equal to ..... m^3

(b) The surface area of a solid cylinder of radius 2.0 cm and height 10.0 cm is equal to ... \small (mm)^2

(c) A vehicle moving with a speed of \small 18\ km h^{-1} covers....m in 1 s

(d) The relative density of lead is 11.3. Its density is .... \small g cm^{-3} or .... \small kg m^{-3} .

Answer:

(a) We know, \small 1 cm = .01 m (Tip: Divide by 100 to convert cm to m)

The volume of a cube of side a = \small a^3\ m^3

Volume of cube of side 1 cm (i.e, .01 m ) = \small (.01)^3 = 10^{-6}\ m^3

(b) We know, 1 cm = 10 mm (Tip: Multiply by 10 to convert cm to mm)

The surface area of a solid cylinder of radius r and height h = 2(\pi r^2) + 2 \pi rh = 2\pi r(r + h)

Required area = 2\pi (20)(\ 20 + 100) mm^3 = 40 \pi (120) mm^3 = 4800 \pi\ mm^3 = 1.5 \times 10^{4 }\ mm^3

(c) (Tip: multiply by 5/18 to convert km h^{-1}\ to\ m s^{-1} )

Ditance covered = Speed \times time = (18 \times 5/18)ms^{-1} \times (1s) = 5 m

(d) Density = Relative Density \times Density of water

(Density of water = 1 \ gcm^{-3} = 1000\ kgm^{-3} )

Density of lead=

(11.3)\times1\ gcm^{-3} = 11.3\ gcm^{-3} \\ (11.3)\times1000\ kgm^{-3} = 11300\ kgm^{-3} = 1.13 \times 10^4\ kgm^{-3}

Q 2.2 : Fill in the blanks by suitable conversion of units

(a) 1 kg m^2s^-^2 = \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ gcm^2s^-^2

b) 1 m = \ \ \ \ ly

(c) 3.0 \ m s^-^2 = \ \ \ \ km h^-^2

(d) G = 6.67 \times 10^{-11} Nm^2(kg)^-^2 = \ \ \ \ \ (cm)^3 s^{-2}g^{-1} .

Answer:

(a) (1 kg \rightarrow 1000g ;\ 1m\rightarrow 100 cm)

1 kgm^2s^{-2} = (1000g)(100cm)^2s^{-2} = (10^3 \times10^{4})gcm^2s^{-2} = 10^{7}\ gcm^2s^{-2}

(b) 1 m = 1.057\times10^{-16} ly (1 ly = Distance travelled by light in 1 year )

(c) (1 m \rightarrow 10^{-3}km ;\ (60\times60 =) 3600 s \rightarrow 1hr)

\\3.0 ms^{-2} = 3.0 (10^{-3}km)(1/3600 hr)^{-2} = 3.0 \times (3600)^2 / 1000\ kmhr^{-2} \\ = 3.9 \times 10^4 \ kmhr^{-2}

(d) (N \rightarrow J.s = kgms^{-2};\ 1 m \rightarrow 100cm;\ 1 kg\rightarrow 1000g)

G = 6.67 \times 10^{-11} (kgms^{-2})m^2kg^-^2 = (6.67 \times 10^{-11})(m)^3 s^{-2}kg^{-1} = 6.67 \times 10^{-8}cm^3 s^{-2}g^{-1}

Q 2.3 : A calorie is a unit of heat (energy in transit) and it equals about 4.2 J where 1J = 1 kg m^2 s^{-2} . Suppose we employ a system of units in which the unit of mass equals \alpha \ kg , the unit of length equals \beta \ m , the unit of time is \gamma \ s . Show that a calorie has a magnitude 4.2 \alpha^{-1}\beta ^{-2}\gamma^{2} in terms of the new units.

Answer:

Given,

1 Cal = 4.2 (kg)(m)^{2}(s)^{-2}

Given new unit of mass = \alpha kg (In old unit 1kg corresponded to a unit mass, but in new unit \alpha kg corresponds to a unit mass)

\therefore In terms of the new unit, 1 kg = 1/\alpha = \alpha ^{-1}

Similarly in terms of new units , 1 m = 1/\beta = \beta^{-1} and 1 s = 1/\gamma = \gamma ^{-1}

\therefore 1 Cal = 4.2 (kg)(m)^{2}(s)^{-2} = 4.2 (\alpha ^{-1})(\beta ^{-1})^{2}(\gamma ^{-1})^{-2} = 4.2 \alpha ^{-1}\beta ^{-2}\gamma ^{2}

Q 2.4 : Explain this statement clearly: “To call a dimensional quantity ‘large’ or ‘small’ is meaningless without specifying a standard for comparison”. In view of this, reframe the following statements wherever necessary :

(a) atoms are very small objects

(b) a jet plane moves with great speed

(c) the mass of Jupiter is very large

(d) the air inside this room contains a large number of molecules

(e) a proton is much more massive than an electron

(f) the speed of sound is much smaller than the speed of light

Answer:

The given statement is true. A dimensional quantity may be small with respect to one reference and maybe large with respect to another reference. Hence, we require a standard reference to judge for comparison.

(a) An atom is a very small object with respect to a tennis ball. (but larger than an electron!)

(b) A jet plane moves with great speed with respect to a train.

(c) The mass of Jupiter is very large as compared to an apple.

(d) The air inside this room contains a large number of molecules as compared to in your lungs.

(e) A proton is much more massive than an electron

(f) The speed of sound is less than the speed of light

Q 2.5 : A new unit of length is chosen such that the speed of light in vacuum is unity. What is the distance between the Sun and the Earth in terms of the new unit if light takes 8 min and 20 s to cover this distance?

Answer:

Distance between Sun and Earth = Speed of light x Time taken by light to cover the distance

Speed of light = 1 unit

Time taken by light to reach earth is 8 minute 20 seconds

Time taken = (8\times60) + 20 = 500 s

The distance between Sun and Earth = 1 x 500 = 500 units.

Q 2.6 : Which of the following is the most precise device for measuring length :

(a) a vernier callipers with 20 divisions on the sliding scale

(b) a screw gauge of pitch 1 mm and 100 divisions on the circular scale

(c) an optical instrument that can measure length to within a wavelength of light?

Answer:

To judge which tool is more precise, we have to find out their least count. Least count defines the margin of error and hence the precision. Hence the instrument with lower least count will be more precise.

(a) Least count = 1MSD - 1VSD = 1 - (19/20)= 1/20 = 0.05\ cm (Taking 1 MSD as 1 mm)

(b) Least count = pitch/ number of divisions

= 1/10000 = 0.001 cm

(c) least count = wavelength of light = 400nm to 700nm, that is in the range of 10^{-7} m

Therefore, the optical instrument is the most precise device used to measure length.

Q 2.7 : A student measures the thickness of a human hair by looking at it through a microscope of magnification 100. He makes 20 observations and finds that the average width of the hair in the field of view of the microscope is 3.5 mm. What is the estimate on the thickness of hair?

Answer:

Given,

Magnification of Microscope = 100

The average width of hair under the microscope = 3.5 mm

(20 observations were made to calculate the average i.e. 3.5 mm as an experimental procedure. No need in our calculations.)

(Note: When magnified, the width is 3.5 mm. Hence actual width will be less by a factor of magnification value)

The average thickness of hair = \frac{3.5 mm}{100} = 0.035 \ mm.

Q2.8 Answer the following :

(a)You are given a thread and a metre scale. How will you estimate the diameter of the thread?

(b)A screw gauge has a pitch of 1.0 mm and 200 divisions on the circular scale. Do you think it is possible to increase the accuracy of the screw gauge arbitrarily by increasing the number of divisions on the circular scale?

(c) The mean diameter of a thin brass rod is to be measured by vernier callipers. Why is a set of 100 measurements of the diameter expected to yield a more reliable estimate than a set of 5 measurements only?

Answer:

(a) Take the thread and wrap it around the metre scale. Make sure the coils are packed closely without any space in between. If the diameter of the thread is d and number of turns obtained are n, then (n x d) corresponds to the marking on the metre scale, l.

Therefore, the diameter of the thread would be, d = l/n

(b) Theoretically, by increasing the number of divisions on the circular divisions, the value of least count decreases and hence accuracy increases.(Lower the value of least count, better will be the reading)

But practically, the number of divisions can be increased only up to a certain limit. (Also two adjacent divisions cannot be separated by a distance less than the human eye resolution!)

(c) With an increase in the number of observations, the accuracy of the experiment increases as the error is now distributed over a large range. Hence, a set of 100 measurements of the diameter is expected to yield a more reliable estimate than a set of 5 measurements.

Q 2.9 : The photograph of a house occupies an area of 1.75 cm^2 on a 35 mm slide. The slide is projected on to a screen, and the area of the house on the screen is 1.55 m^2 . What is the linear magnification of the projector-screen arrangement?

Answer:

Given,

Area of the house in the photo = 1.75\ cm^{2}

Area of the house on the screen = 1.55 m^{2} = 1.55 \times10^{4} cm^2

\therefore Arial magnification, m_{a} = Area on the screen / area on photo = \frac{1.55\times 10^{4}}{1.75} = 0.886 \times 10^4

Linear magnification of the projector- screen arrangement m_{l} = \sqrt{m_{a}} = \sqrt{.886 \times 10^{4}}= 94.1

Q 2.10 : State the number of significant figures in the following :
(a)0.007 \ m^2

(b) 2.64 \times 10^{24} kg

(c) 0.2370 \ g cm^{-3}

(d) 6.320 \ J

(e) 6.032 \ Nm^{-2}

(f) 0.0006032 \ m^{2}

Answer:

(a) The given value is 0.007 \ m^2 .

Since, the number is less than 1 , the zeros on the right to the decimal before the first non-zero integer is insignificant. So, the number 7 is the only significant digit.

\therefore It has 1 significant digit.

(b) The value is 2.64 \times 10^{24} kg

For the determination of significant values, we do not consider the power of 10 (Number is not less than 1). The digits 2, 6, and 4 are significant figures.

\therefore It has 3 significant digits.

(c)The value is 0.2370 \ g cm^{-3} .

For the given value with decimals, all the numbers 2, 3, 7 and 0 are significant.

\therefore It has 4 significant digits.

(d) The value is 6.320 \ J .

It has 4 significant digits.

(e) The value is 6.032 \ Nm^{-2} .

All the four digits are significant as the zeros in between two non-zero values are also significant.

\therefore It has 4 significant digits.

(f) The value is 0.0006032 \ m^{2}

Same as (a), first three zeroes after the decimal is insignificant. Only 6, 0, 3, 2 are significant.

\therefore It has 4 significant digits.

Q 2.11 : The length, breadth and thickness of a rectangular sheet of metal are 4.234 m, 1.005 m, and 2.01 cm respectively. Give the area and volume of the sheet to correct significant figures.

Answer:

Given,

Length, l = 4.234 m ; Breadth, b = 1.005 m; Height, h = 2.01 cm = 0.0201 m

The length has 4 significant figures

The breadth has 4 significant figures

The height has 3 significant figures (Since the number is less than 1, hence zeroes after decimal before the first non-zero integer is insignificant)

We know,

Surface area of a cuboid = 2(l x b + b x h + h x l)

= 2(4.234 \times 1.005 + 1.005 \times 0.0201 + 0.0201 \times 4.234)

= 2(4.255 + 0.020 + 0.085)

= 8.72 \ m^{2} (Note: For addition/subtraction , the number of places after the decimal point in the answer is less than or equal to the number of decimal places in every term in the sum; i.e decided by the numbers after the decimal. )

Volume = l x b x h

= 4.234 \times 1.005 \times 0.0201 = 0.0855 \ m^3 ( \therefore 3 significant digits)

(Note: For Multiplication The LEAST number of significant digits in any number determines the number of significant figures in the answer; i.e decided by the number of significant digits )

The area has three significant values 2, 7 and 8.

The volume has three significant values 5, 5 and 8.

Q 2.12 : The mass of a box measured by a grocer’s balance is 2.30 kg. Two gold pieces of masses 20.15 g and 20.17 g are added to the box. What is (a) the total mass of the box, (b) the difference in the masses of the pieces to correct significant figures?

Answer:

Given,

The mass of the box = 2.30 kg

and the mass of the first gold piece = 20.15 g = 0.02015 kg

The mass of the second gold piece = 20.17 g = 0.02017 kg

(a) The total mass = 2.30 + 0.02015 + 0.02017 = 2.34032 kg

Since one is the least number of decimal places, the total mass = 2.3 kg.

(Note: For addition/subtraction , the number of places after the decimal point in the answer is less than or equal to the number of decimal places in every term in the sum; i.e decided by the numbers after the decimal. )

2.14 A book with many printing errors contains four different formulas for the displacement y of a particle undergoing a certain periodic motion :

(a) y = a sin 2\pi t/T

(b) y = a sin vt

(c) y = (a/T) sin\ t/a

(d) y = ( a\sqrt{2}) (sin 2\pi t / T+ cos 2\pi t / T )

(a = maximum displacement of the particle, v = speed of the particle. T = time-period of motion). Rule out the wrong formulas on dimensional grounds.

Answer:

Ground rules:

\\sin\Theta , cos\Theta \ are\ DIMENSIONLESS.\ \\ and\ \Theta\ must\ be\ dimensionless

[y] = L ( M^0 L^1 T^0 )

[a] = L

[v] = LT^{-1}

[t/T] is Dimenionless.

(a) The dimensions on both sides are equal, the formula is dimensionally correct .

(b) \because [vt] = ( LT^{-1} )(T) = L ( \therefore \Theta is not dimensionless)

The formula is dimensionally incorrect

(c) [a/T] = (L)/(T)

It is dimensionally incorrect , as the dimensions on both sides are not equal.

(d) The dimensions on both sides are equal, the formula is dimensionally correct . (Don't get confused by summation of trigonometric functions !)

Q 2.15 : A famous relation in physics relates ‘moving mass’ m to the ‘rest mass’ m_{o} of a particle in terms of its speed v and the speed of light, c . (This relation first arose as a consequence of special relativity due to Albert Einstein). A boy recalls the relation almost correctly but forgets where to put the constant c. He writes : m = \frac{m_{o}}{(1-v^2)^{1/2}}

Guess where to put the missing c.

Answer:

The relation given is m = \frac{m_{o}}{(1-v^2)^{1/2}}

Divide both sides by m_{o} ; \therefore L.H.S becomes m / m_{o} which is dimensionless.

Hence, R.H.S must be dimensionless too. (After Dividing by m_{o} !)

\frac{1}{(1-v^2)^{1/2}} can be dimensionless only when v \rightarrow (v/c)

Therefore, the dimensional equation is m = \frac{m_{o}}{(1-(\frac{v}{c})^2)^{1/2}}

Q 2.16 : The unit of length convenient on the atomic scale is known as an angstrom and is denoted by \AA : 1\ \AA = 10^{-10} m . The size of a hydrogen atom is about 0.5 \AA . What is the total atomic volume in m^3 of a mole of hydrogen atoms?

Answer:

Radius of an Hydrogen atom = 0.5 \AA = 0.5 x 10 -10 m

Volume = \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3

= 4/3 \times 22/7 \times (0.5 \times 10^{-10})^3

= 0.524 \times 10^{-30} m^3

1 hydrogen mole contains 6.023 \times 10^{23} hydrogen atoms.

The volume of 1 mole of hydrogen atom = 6.023 \times 10^{23} \times 0.524 \times 10^{-30}

= 3.16 \times 10^{-7} m^3 \approx 3 \times 10^{-7} m^3 .

Q 2.17 : One mole of an ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure occupies 22.4 L (molar volume). What is the ratio of molar volume to the atomic volume of a mole of hydrogen? (Take the size of hydrogen molecule to be about 1 Å). Why is this ratio so large?

Answer:

Radius of hydrogen atom = 0.5 \AA = 0.5 x 10 -10 m (Size here refers to Diameter!)

Volume occupied by the hydrogen atom= \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3

= 4/3 \times 22/7 \times ( 0.5 \times 10^{-10})^3

= 0.524 \times 10^{-30} m^3

1 mole of hydrogen contains 6.023 x 10 23 hydrogen atoms.

Volume of 1 mole of hydrogen atom = 6.023 x 10 23 x 0.524 x 10 -30

= 3.16 x 10 -7 m 3

V_{m} = 22.4 L = 22.4 \times 10^{-3} m^3

\frac{V_{m}}{V_{a}} = \frac{22.4\times10^{-3}}{3.16\times10^{-7}} = 7.09 \times 10^4

The molar volume is 7.09 \times 10^4 times greater than the atomic volume.

Hence, intermolecular separation in gas is much larger than the size of a molecule.

2.18 Explain this common observation clearly : If you look out of the window of a fast moving train, the nearby trees, houses etc. seem to move rapidly in a direction opposite to the train’s motion, but the distant objects (hill tops, the Moon, the stars etc.) seem to be stationary. (In fact, since you are aware that you are moving, these distant objects seem to move with you).

Answer:

Our eyes detect angular velocity, not absolute velocity. An object far away makes a lesser angle than an object which is close. That's why the moon (which is so far away!) does not seem to move at all angularly and thus seems to follow you while driving.

In other words, while in a moving train, or for that matter in any moving vehicle, a nearby object moves in the opposite direction while the distant object moves in the same direction. !

Q 2.20 : The nearest star to our solar system is 4.29 light years away. How much is this distance in terms of parsecs? How much parallax would this star (named Alpha Centauri) show when viewed from two locations of the Earth six months apart in its orbit around the Sun?

Answer:

Given, Distance of the star from the solar system = 4.29 ly (light years)
1 light year is the distance travelled by light in one year.

(Note: Light year is a measurement of distance and not time!)
(a) 1 ly = (3 \times 10^8)ms^{-1} \times (365 \times 24 \times 60 \times 60)s = 94608 \times 10^{11} m
4.29 ly = 405868.32 \times 10^{11} m
We know, 1 parsec = 3.08 \times 10^{16} m

\therefore 4.29 ly = \frac{405868.32\times10^{11}}{3.08\times10^{16}} = 1.32 parsec

Now,

(b) ? = d/D \Theta = d/D

& d = 3 \times 10^{11} m ; D = 405868.32 \times 10^{11} m

\theta = (3\times10^{11})/(405868.32\times10^{11} )= 7.39\times10^{-6} rad

Also, We know 1\ sec = 4.85 \times10^{-6} rad

\therefore 7.39\times10^{-6} rad = \frac{7.39\times10^{-6}}{4.85 \times10^{-6}} = 1.52''

Q 2.21 : Precise measurements of physical quantities are a need of science. For example, to ascertain the speed of an aircraft, one must have an accurate method to find its positions at closely separated instants of time. This was the actual motivation behind the discovery of radar in World War II. Think of different examples in modern science where precise measurements of length, time, mass etc. are needed. Also, wherever you can, give a quantitative idea of the precision needed.

Answer:

The statement "Precise measurements of physical quantities are a need of science" is indeed true. In Space explorations, very precise measurement of time in microsecond range is needed. In determining the half-life of radioactive material, a very precise value of the mass of nuclear particles is required. Similarly, in Spectroscopy precise value of the length in Angstroms is required.

Q 2.22 : Just as precise measurements are necessary in science, it is equally important to be able to make rough estimates of quantities using rudimentary ideas and common observations. Think of ways by which you can estimate the following (where an estimate is difficult to obtain, try to get an upper bound on the quantity) :

(a) the total mass of rain-bearing clouds over India during the Monsoon

(b) the mass of an elephant

(c) the wind speed during a storm

(d) the number of strands of hair on your head

(e) the number of air molecules in your classroom.

Answer:

(a) Height of water column during monsoon is recorded as 215 cm.

H = 215 cm = 2.15 m

Area of the country, A = 3.3 \times 10^{12} m^2

Volume of water column, V = AH

V = 3.3 \times 10^{12} m^2 \times 2.15 m = 7.1 \times 10^{12} m^3

Mass of the rain-bearing clouds over India during the Monsoon, m = Volume x Density

m = 7.1 \times 10^{12} m^3 \times 10^3 kg m^{-3} = 7.1 \times 10^{15} kg ( Density of water = 10 3 kg m -3 )

b) Consider a large solid cube of known density having a density less than water.

Measure the volume of water displaced when it immersed in water = v

Measure the volume again when the elephant is kept on the cube = V

The volume of water displaced by elephant, V' = V – v

The mass of this volume of water is equal to the mass of the elephant.

Mass of water displaced by elephant, m = V' x Density of water

This gives the approximate mass of the elephant.

(c) A rotating device can be used to determine the speed of the wind. As the wind blows, the number of rotations per second will give the wind speed.

(d) Let A be the area of the head covered with hair.

If r is the radius of the root of the hair, the area of the hair strand, a = \pi r^2

So, the number of hair , n = A/a = A/\pi r^2

(e) Let l, b and h be the length, breadth and height of the classroom, \therefore Volume of the room, v = lbh.

The volume of the air molecule, v' = (4/3)\pi r^3 (r is the radius of an air molecule)

So, the number of air molecules in the classroom, n = v'/v = 4\pi r^3/3lbh

Q 2.23: The Sun is a hot plasma (ionized matter) with its inner core at a temperature exceeding 10^7 K , and its outer surface at a temperature of about 6000 K. At these high temperatures, no substance remains in a solid or liquid phase. In what range do you expect the mass density of the Sun to be, in the range of densities of solids and liquids or gases? Check if your guess is correct from the following data: mass of the Sun = 2.0 \times 10^{30} kg , radius of the Sun = 7.0 \times 10^8 m

Answer:

Given,

Mass of the Sun, m = 3 \times10^{30}\ kg

The radius of the Sun, r = 8 \times10^8\ m

\therefore Volume V = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3

= \frac{4}{3} \times \frac{22}{7} \times (8 \times 10^8)^3 = 2145.52 \times10^{24} m^3

Density = Mass/Volume

= \frac{3\times10^{30}}{2145.52\times10^{24}} = 1.39 \times 10^3\ kgm^{-3}

Therefore, the density of the sun is in the range of solids and liquids and not gases. This high density arises due to inward gravitational attraction on outer layers due to inner layers of the Sun. (Imagine layers and layers of gases stacking up like a pile!)

Q 2.24: When the planet Jupiter is at a distance of 824.7 million kilometers from the Earth, its angular diameter is measured to be 35.72" of arc. Calculate the diameter of Jupiter.

Answer:

Given,

The distance of Jupiter, D = 824.7 \times10^6\ km

Angular diameter, \Theta = 35.72'' = 35.72 \times 4.848 \times 10^{-6} rad ( \because 1'' = 4.848 \times 10^{-6} rad )

Let diameter of Jupiter = d km

\\ \therefore d = \theta \times D = 824.7 \times 10^6 \times 35.72 \times 4.848 \times 10^{-6} \\ = 1.428 \times 10^{5}\ km (\because \theta = \frac{d}{D})


Class 11 physics chapter 2 exercise solutions units and measurement - additional exercises

Q 2.25 : A man walking briskly in rain with speed v must slant his umbrella forward making an angle \Theta with the vertical. A student derives the following relation between \Theta and v: tan\Theta = v and checks that the relation has a correct limit: as v \rightarrow 0, \Theta \rightarrow 0 , as expected. (We are assuming there is no strong wind and that the rain falls vertically for a stationary man). Do you think this relation can be correct? If not, guess the correct relation.

Answer:

The derived formula tan\Theta = v is dimensionally incorrect.

We know, Trigonometric functions are dimensionless.

Hence , [ tan\Theta ] = M^0L^0T^0

and [v] = M^0L^1T^{-1} = LT^{-1} .

\therefore To make it dimensionally correct, we can divide v by v_{r} (where v_{r} is the speed of rain)

Thus, L.H.S and R.H.S are both dimensionless and hence dimensionally satisfied.

The new formula is : tan\Theta = v / v_{r}

Q 2.26 : It is claimed that two caesium clocks if allowed to run for 100 years, free from any disturbance, may differ by only about 0.02 s. What does this imply for the accuracy of the standard caesium clock in measuring a time-interval of 1 s?

Answer:

In terms of seconds, 100 years = 100 \times 365\times 24\times 60\times60 = 3.154 \times10^{9}\ s

Given, Difference between the two clocks after 100 years = 0.02 s

\therefore In 1 s, the time difference = \frac{0.02}{3.15\times10^{9}} = 6.35 \times 10^{-12} s

\therefore Accuracy in measuring a time interval of 1 s =

\frac{1}{6.35 \times 10^{-12}} = 1.57 \times 10^{11} \approx 10^{11}

\therefore Accuracy of 1 part in 10^{11}\ to\ 10^{12}

Q 2.27 : Estimate the average mass density of a sodium atom assuming its size to be about 2.5 Å. (Use the known values of Avogadro’s number and the atomic mass of sodium). Compare it with the mass density of sodium in its crystalline phase : 970 \ kg\ m^{-3} . Are the two densities of the same order of magnitude ? If so, why ?

Answer:

Radius, r = 0.5 ×2.5=1.25×10-10m

Now, Volume occupied by each atom V = (4/3)\pi r^3 = (4/3)\times (22/7)\times(1.25\times 10^{-10})^3

= 8.18 \times 10^{-30} m^3

We know, One mole of sodium has 6.023 \times 10^{23} atoms and has a mass of 23 \times 10^{-3} kg

\therefore Mass of each Sodium atom = \frac{23\times10^{-3}}{6.023\times10^{23}} kg

\therefore Density = Mass/ Volume = (\frac{23\times10^{-3}}{6.023\times10^{23}}\ kg )/ (8.18 \times 10^{-30} m^3) = 466.8 \times 10^{1}\ kgm^{-3}

But, the mass density of sodium in its crystalline phase = 970 \ kg\ m^{-3}

\therefore The densities are almost of the same order. In the solid phase, atoms are tightly packed and thus interatomic space is very small.

Q 2.28 : The unit of length convenient on the nuclear scale is a fermi : 1 f = 10^{-15} m . Nuclear sizes obey roughly the following empirical relation : r = r_{o} A^{1/3} where r is the radius of the nucleus, A it's mass number, and r_{o} is a constant equal to about, 1.2 f. Show that the rule implies that nuclear mass density is nearly constant for different nuclei. Estimate the mass density of sodium nucleus. Compare it with the average mass density of a sodium atom obtained in Exercise. 2.27.

Answer:

The equation for the radius of the nucleus is given by,

r = r_{0} A^{1/3}

The volume of the nucleus using the above relation, \small V = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3 = \frac{4}{3}\pi (r_{0}A^{1/3})^3 = \frac{4}{3}\pi Ar_{0}^3

We know,

Mass = Mass number× Mass of single Nucleus

= \small A\times1.67\times10^{-27} kg (given)

\small \therefore Nuclear mass Density = Mass of nucleus/ Volume of nucleus =

\small \frac{A\times1.67\times10^{-27} kg}{\frac{4}{3}\pi Ar_{0}^3\ m^3} =\frac{3\times1.67\times10^{-27}}{4\pi r_{0}^3\ }\ kgm^{-3}

The derived density formula contains only one variable, \small r_{0} and is independent of mass number A. Since \small r_{0} is constant, hence nuclear mass density is nearly constant for different nuclei.

∴ The density of the sodium atom nucleus = \small 2.29\times 10^{17} kgm^{-3} \approx 0.3\times 10^{18} kgm^{-3}\small (Putting\ r_{0} = 1.2 f = 1.2\times 10^{-15} m )

Comparing it with the average mass density of a sodium atom obtained in Q 2.27. (Density of the order \small 10^3 kgm^{-3} )

Nuclear density is typically \small 10^{15} times the atomic density of matter!

Q 2.30 : A SONAR (sound navigation and ranging) uses ultrasonic waves to detect and locate objects under water. In a submarine equipped with a SONAR, the time delay between generation of a probe wave and the reception of its echo after reflection from an enemy submarine is found to be 77.0 s. What is the distance of the enemy submarine? (Speed of sound in water = 1450\ m s^{-1} ).

Answer:

Given,

77.0 s is the total time between the generation of a probe wave and the reception of its echo after reflection.

\therefore Time taken by sound to reach the enemy submarine = Half of the total time = \frac{1}{2}\times 77 s = 38.5 s

The distance of enemy ship = Speed of sound x Time taken to reach the submarine

= 1450\ ms^{-1} \times 38.5\ s = 55825\ m = 55.8\ km

Q 2.32 : It is a well known fact that during a total solar eclipse the disk of the moon almost completely covers the disk of the Sun. From this fact and from the information you can gather from examples 2.3 and 2.4, determine the approximate diameter of the moon.

Answer:

From Examples 2.3 and 2.4 , we have,

The diameter of the Earth = 1.276 \times 10^7 m
Distance between the Moon and the Earth, D_{moon} = 3.84\times10^8 m

Distance between the Sun and the Earth, D_{sun} = 1.496\times10^{11} m

The diameter of the Sun, d_{sun} = 1.39\times10^9 m

Let, Diameter of the Moon be d_{moon}

Now, During Solar eclipse, the angle subtended by Sun's diameter on Earth = angle subtended by moon's diameter

\frac{1.39\times10^9}{1.496\times10^{11}} = \frac{d_{moon}}{3.83\times10^8} (\because \Theta = d/D)

\Rightarrow d_{moon} = \frac{1.39\times10^9}{1.496\times10^{11}}\times 3.83\times10^8 = 3.56\times10^6 m

Therefore, the diameter of the moon = 3.56\times10^3 km

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 2 Units and Measurement:

The topic And Subtopic of physics class 11 chapter 2 exercise solutions Units and Measurement are listed below.

Section Name

Topic Name

2

Units and Measurements

2.1

Introduction

2.2

The international system of units

2.3

Measurement of length

2.4

Measurement of mass

2.5

Measurement of time

2.6

Accuracy, precision of instruments and errors in measurement

2.7

Significant figures

2.8

Dimensions of physical quantities

2.9

Dimensional formulae and dimensional equations

2.10

Dimensional analysis and its applications

NCERT Class 11 Physics Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions

In 11th physics chapter 2 exercise Measurements are always specified with a unit. Without units, measurement is meaningless. For example, a man tells the distance between his home and the nearest city is 5. This statement by the man is meaningless. Whether it is 5m, 5cm or 5 km makes it meaningful. The solutions of NCERT Physics Class 11 chapter 2 Units and Measurement start with questions related to the conversion of units. The concept of accuracy, precision and error can be studied well with the help of ncert class 11 physics chapter 2 exercise solutions units and measurement.

NCERT Solutions class 11 physics chapter 2 covers important topics such as Concepts of errors and measurement of errors, dimensional analysis and significant figures. Questions from these topics are explained in class 11 physics chapter 2 question answers Units and Measurement.

Key Features of Class 11 Physics Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions

  • Step-by-Step Approach: The class 11 physics ch 2 exercise solutions follow a systematic and detailed approach, guiding students through each question and concept, ensuring a clear understanding of the subject matter.
  • Real-Life Relevance: The emphasis on units and their significance in measurements highlight the real-world applicability of the chapter, fostering a deeper appreciation for accurate scientific representation.
  • Conceptual Clarity: Through explanations of accuracy, precision, and error, students gain a solid conceptual foundation, preparing them for more complex scientific analyses in the future.
  • Comprehensive Coverage: The units and measurements class 11 exercise solutions cover a spectrum of topics, from dimensional analysis to significant figures, catering to a holistic understanding of measurements and their intricacies.

Use of NCERT solutions for class 11 physics chapter 2 units and measurement is important:

  • unit and measurement class 11 exercise is an easy and important chapter in the NCERT for the annual exam as well as the competitive exam point of view.
  • For competitive exams like NEET, JEE Mains, JEE advance, NEET and KVPY etc the CBSE class 11 physics chapter 2 question answers Units and Measurement is important.
  • One question can be expected from ncert class 11 physics chapter 2 exercise solutions in NEET and JEE Mains too.
  • The class 11 physics ch 2 exercise solutions Units and Measurement help to understand the chapter well and also to score well in Class 11 exams.

Also Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here

NCERT solutions for class 11 physics chapter wise

Chapter 1

Physical world

Chapter 2

Units and Measurement

Chapter 3

Motion in a straight line

Chapter 4

Motion in a Plane

Chapter 5

Laws of Motion

Chapter 6

Work, Energy and Power

Chapter 7

System of Particles and Rotational motion

Chapter 8

Gravitation

Chapter 9

Mechanical Properties of Solids

Chapter 10

Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Chapter 11

Thermal Properties of Matter

Chapter 12

Thermodynamics

Chapter 13

Kinetic Theory

Chapter 14

Oscillations

Chapter 15

Waves

NCERT Physics Exemplar Solutions Class 11 For All The Chapters:

NCERT solutions for class 11 Subject wise


Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is the important topic of the chapter in the class 11 NCERT syllabus

Units and Measurements is an important chapter for the entire Class 11 and 12 physics course. In all the chapters of Class 12 Physics NCERT book the concepts of dimensions are used. 

2. How importants is the Class 11 chapter 2 for JEE Main

For JEE Main one questions can be expected from the chapter Units and Measurements. But the concepts studied in the class 11 chapter 2 will be helpful to solve questions from other chapters of Class 11 and 12 too. 

Experimental problems related to screw gauge and vernier caliper are asked in JEE Main are tagged with the chapter Units and Measurement by some of the Physics teachers.

3. How many questions are asked from Units and Measurements for NEET

One or 2 questions can be expected from Class 11 NCERT chapter Units and Measurements for NEET  exam. One of the main book to prepare NEET is the NCERT book. For more problems from Units and Measurements practice NCERT exemplar questions for Class 11 Physics chapter 2.

4. What are the important topics in Units and Measurements

Dimension and dimensional analysis, errors and significant figures are important topics from units and measurements

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A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is

Option 1)

0.34\; J

Option 2)

0.16\; J

Option 3)

1.00\; J

Option 4)

0.67\; J

A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times.  Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated.  How much fat will he use up considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up ?  Fat supplies 3.8×107 J of energy per kg which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate.  Take g = 9.8 ms−2 :

Option 1)

2.45×10−3 kg

Option 2)

 6.45×10−3 kg

Option 3)

 9.89×10−3 kg

Option 4)

12.89×10−3 kg

 

An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range

Option 1)

2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J

Option 2)

200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J

Option 3)

2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J

Option 4)

20,000 \, \, J - 50,000 \, \, J

A particle is projected at 600   to the horizontal with a kinetic energy K. The kinetic energy at the highest point

Option 1)

K/2\,

Option 2)

\; K\;

Option 3)

zero\;

Option 4)

K/4

In the reaction,

2Al_{(s)}+6HCL_{(aq)}\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}\, _{(aq)}+6Cl^{-}\, _{(aq)}+3H_{2(g)}

Option 1)

11.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}  at STP  is produced for every mole HCL_{(aq)}  consumed

Option 2)

6L\, HCl_{(aq)}  is consumed for ever 3L\, H_{2(g)}      produced

Option 3)

33.6 L\, H_{2(g)} is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts

Option 4)

67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)} at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .

How many moles of magnesium phosphate, Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?

Option 1)

0.02

Option 2)

3.125 × 10-2

Option 3)

1.25 × 10-2

Option 4)

2.5 × 10-2

If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12, mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative atomic mass unit, the mass of one mole of a substance will

Option 1)

decrease twice

Option 2)

increase two fold

Option 3)

remain unchanged

Option 4)

be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.

With increase of temperature, which of these changes?

Option 1)

Molality

Option 2)

Weight fraction of solute

Option 3)

Fraction of solute present in water

Option 4)

Mole fraction.

Number of atoms in 558.5 gram Fe (at. wt.of Fe = 55.85 g mol-1) is

Option 1)

twice that in 60 g carbon

Option 2)

6.023 × 1022

Option 3)

half that in 8 g He

Option 4)

558.5 × 6.023 × 1023

A pulley of radius 2 m is rotated about its axis by a force F = (20t - 5t2) newton (where t is measured in seconds) applied tangentially. If the moment of inertia of the pulley about its axis of rotation is 10 kg m2 , the number of rotations made by the pulley before its direction of motion if reversed, is

Option 1)

less than 3

Option 2)

more than 3 but less than 6

Option 3)

more than 6 but less than 9

Option 4)

more than 9

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