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Ever wondered how electric bulbs glow or why wires heat up when current flows through them? These kinds of questions you will learn in Class 10 Science Chapter 11: Electricity. This chapter helps you to understand how electric current flows, how circuits work and how to calculate electrical energy. NCERT Notes class 10 science chapter 11 electricity topics are important for board exams and science olympiads like NSO, NSEJS etc.
These Notes are created by a Careers360 subject matter expert as per the latest CBSE syllabus. These NCERT notes cover important concepts like electric current, potential difference, Ohm’s Law, resistance, resistors in series and parallel, and the heating effect of electric current. These NCERT notes also include key formulas, diagrams, and real-life examples to make understanding and revision easy for every student.
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The rate of flow of electric charges through any cross-section of a conductor is called electric current. If a net charge
(i) The current is a fundamental quantity in physics with unit ampere (A). So 1 A is the amount of current flowing in the circuit if 1 C of charge moves across it in 1 s .
(ii) The conventional direction of current is taken to be the direction of flow of positive charge or opposite to the direction of flow of electrons.
(iii) A conductor remains uncharged when current flows through it.
(iv) For a given conductor, the current flowing through it does not vary as its cross-sectional area varies.
Electric potential may be defined as the amount of work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinity to a point under consideration, while the electric potential difference between two points in an electric circuit may be defined as the amount of work done to move a unit positive charge from one point to another. Thus, when a charge
The SI unit of electric potential difference is volt (V), named after Alessandro Volta (1745-1827), an Italian physicist. One volt is the potential difference between two points in a current carrying conductor when 1 joule of work is done to move a charge of 1 coulomb from one point to the other.
A conducting path between the terminals of a source of electricity and other electronic devices in continuity is called an electric circuit.
A schematic diagram showing the way different electronic devices are connected in a circuit is known as a circuit diagram.
The various conventional electrical symbols used to represent some of the most commonly used electrical components in an electrical circuit diagrams are as follows :
The current (I) flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential (V) across its ends at a constant temperature.
where,
The property of conductors to resist the flow of current is known as Resistance.
S.I. unit of resistance = ohm (Ω).
R=V/I gives us 1 Ohm=1Vol/1Ampere
The resistance of a conductor of uniform thickness depends on the length of the conductor (
where
The SI unit of resistivity is ohm-metre (
It is represented by G and its unit is mho.
When multiple resistors are connected in a circuit, their total or equivalent resistance depends on how they are arranged:
Total Resistance:
Total Resistance:
(i) In parallel combination we can operate each devices with its individual switch which is not possible in series combination.
(ii) All equipments work at same voltage.
(iii) As different equipments have different current ratings so they need different current and this possible only in parallel combination
We have seen that when the electric current passes through a resistor, it becomes hot because the electric energy spent or electric work done in moving the charges is converted into heat energy.
Joule gave the law on heating effect of current known as Joule's law, which states that the heat produced in a resistor is directly proportional to the
(i) Square of the electric current for a given resistance, i.e.,
(ii) Resistance for a given current, i.e.,
(iii) Time for which the current flows through the resistor, i.e.,
So, by this law, we get
So,
Electrical power is the electrical work done per unit time or the rate at which electric energy is dissipated or consumed in an electric circuit.
S.I. unit of power = Watt (W).
1 Watt of power is consumed when 1 A of current flows at a potential difference of 1 V.
The commercial unit of electric energy is in kilowatt-hour (kWh), which is generally known as a Unit.
1kWh=3.6MJ
The main topics covered in Chapter 10 of NCERT for Class 11 Science are
Current
Potential difference
Resistance
Resistivity
Combination of Resistances
Heating effect of electric current
The notes for Chapter 11 of Science in Class 10 were created by subject experts and will give you further knowledge on the subject. You can solidify your foundation with these notes from class 10 Electricity notes. Here, key ideas are thoroughly discussed. The segment covers all aspects of electricity.
As given in the Class 10 Science Chapter 11 notes pdf download;
At constant temperature, the current (I) flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference (V) across its ends.
V∝I
VI=constant
V/I=R
V=IR
R is the constant of proportionality, which is called Resistance.
The law states that the heat produced in a resistor is directly proportional to the
o Square of the current in the resistor
o Resistance of the resistor
o Time for which the current flows through the resistance
It’s mentioned vividly in the NCERT notes for class 10 Science chapter 11.
Given in, Class 10 Science chapter 11 notes that The amount of work done to transport a unit charge from one point to another is known as the potential difference (V).
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