Electricity Class 10th Notes - Free NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 12 Notes - Download PDF

Ncert Class 10 Physics Chapter 12 Notes- Download Free PDF

The chapter on Electricity in the CBSE NCERT Science Book for Class 10 provides a thorough understanding of electricity, including how it flows in circuits and the factors that influence its flow. This Electricity class 10 notes delves into important concepts like current, potential difference, resistance, and more.

The CBSE class 10 physics ch 12 notes provide a detailed overview of the Electricity chapter, including fundamental principles and mathematical equations. These notes, meticulously prepared by Careers360 subject experts, are invaluable resources not only for exams and class tests, but also for higher-level courses. These class 10 physics chapter 12 notes are available for download in PDF format.

Also, students can refer,

• NCERT Notes Class 10 Science
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 12 Electricity
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Chapter 12 Electricity

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 12 Notes

Electric Current

• Electric current is the amount of charge that is flowing through a particular area in unit time.
• Electric current is given as the rate of flow of electric charge.

Current I=Carge flowing (Q)/Time taken

• S.I. unit = Ampere (A), and 1 A=1 C/s

• 1mA=10^-3A and 1μA=10^-6A

• The direction of the current is opposite to the flow of electrons.

Electric Potential Difference

• The amount of work done to transport a unit charge from one point to another is known as the potential difference (V).

Potential difference V=Work done (W)Charge(Q)

• S.I. unit= Volt (V), where 1V=1JoulCoulomb

Electric Circuit

• A conducting path between the terminals of a source of electricity and other electronic devices in continuity is called an electric circuit.

• A schematic diagram showing the way different electronic devices are connected in a circuit is known as a circuit diagram.

Ohm’s Law

• The current (I) flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential (V) across its ends at a constant temperature.

V∝I

VI=constant

V/I=R

V=IR

R is the constant of proportionality, which is called Resistance.

• The property of conductors to resist the flow of current is known as Resistance.

• S.I. unit of resistance = ohm (Ω).

• R=V/I gives us 1 Ohm=1Vol/tAmpere

Resistivity

R∝l/A

• R=ρl/A

Where, ρ = constant of proportionality which is known as the specific resistance or resistivity

l is the length of the conductor and A is the area of the cross-section.

• S.I. unit of resistivity = Ohm meter (Ω m)

Resistances in Series

∙ The current flowing through each resistance is the same.

∙ Whereas, the potential difference of the resistance varies according to the resistance value.

∙ The total resistance (Rs) of a series combination consisting of resistances R1, R2, R3... is

Rs=R1+R2+R3+…

Resistances in Parallel

∙ The potential difference across each resistance in the circuit is the same and is equal to the potential difference across the whole combination or the circuit.

∙ The main current is divided among the different resistors.

. ∙ The equivalent resistance (Rp) of a parallel combination consisting of resistances R1, R2, R3... is

1/Rp=1/R1+1/R2+1/R3+…

∙ The equivalent resistance is lesser than that of the least resistance of all the resistances in the circuit.

Heating Effect of Electric Current

∙ The effect of current due to which heat is induced in a conductor when current passes through it is known as the heating effect of electric current.

∙ The total work (W) done by the electric current in a circuit is known as electric energy and is expressed as

W=VIt=I²Rt=V²t/R

This energy comes out as heat. Therefore, we have

H=VIt=I²Rt=V²t/R

The heat produced in a resistor is directly proportional to the resistance, according to Joule's Law of Heating.

• Square of the current in the resistor
• Resistance of the resistor
• Time for which the current flows through the resistance

Practical Applications of the Heating Effects of Electric Current

∙ Electrical appliances like iron, oven, and heater are a few devices that are based on Joule’s Law of Heating.

∙ This phenomenon is also applied to produce light in a bulb.

∙ One of the most important applications of Joule’s Law of Heating is the fuse used in electric circuits.

Electric Power

• The rate at which electrical energy is generated or consumed in an electric circuit is referred to as electric power.

• P=VI=I²R=V²/R

• S.I. unit of power = Watt (W).

• 1 Watt of power is consumed when 1 A of current flows at a potential difference of 1 V.

• The commercial unit of electric energy is in kilowatt-hour (kWh), which is generally known as a Unit.

• 1kWh=3.6MJ

Significance of NCERT Electricity Class 10 Notes

• Comprehensive Coverage: Physics Class 10 chapter 12 notes pdf provides a comprehensive understanding of the chapter, covering all major topics covered in the CBSE Physics Syllabus in Class 10.
• Exam Preparation: These ch 12 physics class 10 notes are excellent study materials for exam preparation, allowing students to grasp key concepts more effectively.
• Offline Study: The CBSE class 10 physics ch 12 notes download option allows students to study even when they are offline, ensuring continuous learning at any time and from any location.
• Conceptual Clarity: Electricity Notes class 10 helps to achieve conceptual clarity by simplifying complex topics and providing clear explanations.
• Supplementary Resources: These class 10 physics chapter 12 notes supplement students' textbooks and help them better understand the subject matter.

Class 10 Chapter Wise Notes

NCERT Solutions of Cass 10 Subject Wise

• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science

NCERT Class 10 Exemplar Solutions for Other Subjects:

• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Maths solutions
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science solutions