NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Notes Acids, Bases, and Salts- Download PDF Notes

Acids, bases, and salts, Class 10 Science Chapter 2 notes, build up the concept regarding the main topics of the chapter, such as acids and bases, the properties of acids and bases, types of indicators, and their properties. The CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 2 not only includes the properties and behaviour of acids, bases, and salts, but also covers acid and base reactions in water solutions and the strength of the acid, base solutions. Acids, bases, and salts class 10 CBSE notes also cover the principles and techniques needed to make common salts. All these topics can be downloaded free of charge for future purposes from the Class 10 Science chapter 2 notes PDF download.

Also, students can refer to:

• NCERT Notes Class 10 Science
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids, Bases, and Salts
• NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids, Bases, and Salts

NCERT Class 10 Chapter 2 Notes

Understanding the Chemical Properties of Acids and Bases

Concept of Acids

Taste of acids: Sour

Change in colour: Acids changes their colour from blue to red while performing a litmus test.

Concept of Bases

Taste of acids: bitter

Change in colour: Bases change their colour from red to blue while performing a litmus test.

Litmus: This can be extracted from lichen and are a purple dye solution.

It is the fact that if in condition litmus is neither acidic nor basic in nature then it shows purple colour.

Indication of acid and base inside any material:

Natural materials like:

• Red cabbage leaves

• Turmeric

• Coloured petals of flowers such as Petunia, Geranium etc.

Properties of Acids and Bases

Acids

The word is derived from the Latin word called “acidus”.

When dissolve in an aqueous medium, it gives hydrogen ions to the solution.

Concentrated acids are the mixtures of more amount of acid dissolved in less amount of water.

Dilute acids are the mixtures of more amount of water dissolved in less amount of acids.

Examples of strong acids: are HCl, H₂, SO₄, HNO₃, etc.

Examples of weak acids: are CH₃COOH, Lactic acid, oxalic acid, etc.

Bases

The substances which are basic in nature are soapy in touch.

When dissolve in an aqueous medium, it gives hydroxide ions in the solution.

Alkali is the base that is soluble in water. Examples of alkali are NaOH, KOH, etc.

Examples of strong bases: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)₂

Example of weak bases:NH₄OH

Indicators

Indicators are defined as changes in the colour or smell of a substance in different types of acids and bases.

Types of indicators are as follows:

1. Natural indicators

2. Synthetic Indicators

3. Olfactory indicators

Reactions of Acids and Bases When Reacted with Metals

• The reaction of Acids when reacting with Metals produce salt and hydrogen gas.

Acid + Metal Salt + Hydrogen gas

Example of such reaction: Zn+2HCl→ZnCl₂+H₂

• The reaction of Bases when reacting with Metals produce salt and hydrogen gas.

The base which is reacting with metal has to be more reactive than the base.

But all the metals do not have the nature to react with bases.

Base + metal → salt + Hydrogen gas

Example of such reaction: 2NaOH+Zn→Na₂ZnO₂ + H₂

The evolved hydrogen gas burned with a pop sound when it came closer to evolved gas.

• The reaction of acids when reacting with carbonates and hydrogen carbonate

The produced carbon dioxide will be further tested and passed through lime water solution, which turns the solution milky. But it should be noticeable that the amount of carbon dioxide is certain if passes in excess amount then milkiness will disappear.

Reaction when the amount of carbon dioxide is certain.

Reaction when amount of carbon dioxide is in excess.

• The reaction of bases when reacting with carbonates and hydrogen carbonate

No such reaction will proceed when the base reacts with metal carbonate and metal hydrogen carbonates.

• The reaction of acids and bases with each other

When acids and bases react with each other they produce salt and water, such reaction is termed a neutralisation reaction.

• Strong acid+ weak base gives acidic salt and water.

• Weak acid+ strong base gives acidic salt and water.

• Strong acid+ strong base gives neutral salt and water.

• Weak acid+ weak base gives neutral salt and water.

• The reaction of acids when reacted with metallic oxides

The nature of metallic oxides is basic.

• The reaction of acids when reacted with non-metallic oxides

The nature of metallic oxides are acidic.

Similarities Between Acids and Bases

Acids and bases have some of similarities in between them and they are listed below:

• Acids give hydrogen ions when dissolve in any solution, so the common ion is hydrogen ion, which makes any mixture acidic in nature.

• Bases give hydroxide ions when dissolve in any solution, so the common ion is hydroxide ion, which makes any mixture basic in nature.

Water solution with acids or bases:

When acids dissolve in water then it produces hydrogen ion, but hydrogen ion cannot exist alone they exist in the form of hydronium ion.

When bases dissolve in water they give hydroxide ions.

Bases that are soluble in water are termed alkali.

Point to remember: When we are diluting any acid to water it should be kept in mind that acid must be added to water not the water to acid as the process of dissolving any acid or base is highly exothermic in nature.

Strength of Acids and Base Solution

This can be evaluated by an indicator known as a universal indicator.

Universal indicator: This indicator is a mixture of different indicators which shows colour when any solution concentration has hydrogen ion or hydroxide ion in it.

pH scale: For measuring the concentration of hydrogen ion in any solution, that how acidic or basic the solution, we must require a scale that scale is termed as pH scale. p in pH denotes potenz which in general means power.

Neutral, Acidic and Basic Salts

The salts that are produced by strong acid and strong bases are neutral in nature. The pH value of such a salt is 7.

Formation of Sodium Chloride

Formation of Sodium Hydroxide

Formation of Bleaching Powder

Formation of Baking Powder

Formation of Baking Soda

Chapter wise NCERT class 10 Notes Science

Significance of NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Notes

Acids, bases and salts notes Class 10, will be helpful in revising the chapter more precisely, as all the topics are included in just one PDF so that students cannot find difficulty in exams by searching for any other way to revise. Also, this NCERT Class 10 Science chapter 2 covered the topics step-wise, so no hustle or bulk is present and students find it easy. To sum up, all their doubts about the Class 10 CBSE Science Syllabus.

CBSE Class 10 Science chapter 2 notes include the mandatory covering topics such as the behaviour of acids, bases and salts. Acids, bases and salts Class 10 notes are a perfect guide because, through these notes, a student can easily download them. Furthermore, the Class 10 students are able to prepare them offline by downloading chapter 2 Science class 10 notes PDF. Class 10 Acids, bases, and salts notes contain the properties of acids and bases; they also cover the reaction of acids with a different compound.

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