NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Notes Metals And Non-Metals: Download PDF Notes

Class 10 Science Chapter 3 notes are revision notes on the Class 10 NCERT chapter: metal and non-metal. Careers360 provides CBSE Class 10 notes for other subjects as well. The Class 10 metal and non-metal revision notes are provided to revise all the important concepts given in Chapter 3. CBSE Notes for Class 10 Science Chapter 3 are short ideas on metals and non-metals with an explanation of each topic, reaction, and formula. The derivations in the NCERT chapters are not included in the NCERT notes for Class 10 Science chapter 3. Students can utilise the Class 10 science chapter 3 CBSE notes for revision of major concepts while preparing for the CBSE Class 10 exam. The revision notes for metals and non-metals can be downloaded, and the Class 10 NCERT notes PDF can be used offline. CBSE notes for Class 10 are helpful for CBSE board exam preparation.

Metals and Non-metals Class 10 Notes

Metals and non-metals is a very important chapter of chemistry in Class 10 from an exam point of view. The NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 3 notes give you a basic idea of the key features of metals and non-metals. The topics covered in NCERT Class 10 Science notes are: definitions, physical properties, chemical properties of metals, the reactivity series, how do metals and non-metals reacts, the occurrence of metals, and corrosion. Download the CBSE Notes for Class 10 Chemistry, Chapter 3, Metals and Non-Metals, PDF to use offline anywhere. Students must go through NCERT Solutions and each topic in the metals and non-metals class 10 notes in the easiest and most effective way possible with the help of NCERT Notes for Class 10.

Also, students can refer to:

• NCERT Notes Class 10 Science
  
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 3 Metals and Non-Metals
• NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 3 Metals and Non-Metals

CBSE Class 10 Chapter 3 Notes, Metals and Non-metals

Definition of metals: These are the elements that conduct heat and electricity.

Non-metals: These are the elements that do not conduct heat or electricity.

Elements can be classified on the basis of the properties of metals and non-metals.

Physical Properties

Metals:

• Lustre: Metals are shining in nature.

• Hardness: hard in nature. But an exception exists for Na, Li, and K; they are soft and able to be cut with a knife.

• State: Metals exist in a solid state except in the case of mercury, which is liquid at room temperature.

• Malleability: the property of metal through which we can make sheets of metal with the use of a hammer. The most malleable metals are gold and silver.

• Ductility: The property of metal through which we can make wire.

• Conductivity and heating: Metals are conductive in nature and have a good capacity for heating.

For example, copper and silver are the best conductors, whereas lead and mercury are the worst conductors.

• Density: The density of metals is high, as are their melting points.

• Sonorous: Metals are sound-producing in nature when they strike a hard surface.

• Oxides: The oxides of metals are basic in nature.

Non-Metals:

• Lustre: Non-metals are not shining in nature, except in the case of iodine.

• Hardness: Soft in nature. But an exception exists for a diamond, which is hardest among all

• State: Metals exists in a solid or gaseous state, except in the case of bromine, which is liquid at room temperature.

• Malleability: They are non-malleable in nature.

• Ductility: They are also non-ductile in nature, as we won’t be able to make wire from non-metals.

• Conductivity and heating: Non-metals are insulators, as they don’t have a good capacity of heating as well. Exception in case of Graphite.

• Density: The densities of non-metals are low, as are their melting points.

• Sonorous: They do not produce any sound when strike the surface.

• Oxides: The oxides of non-metals are acidic in nature.

Chemical Properties of Metals

What happens when metals are burnt in Air?

Points to remember:

• The reaction of metals, especially with oxygen, depends on the reactivity of the metal, as mentioned in the list of reactivity orders.

• Sodium and potassium are kept inside kerosene as they catch fire when it is exposed to the air and react vigorously with it.

• For further oxidation of magnesium, aluminium, and zinc, they are covered with a thin layer of oxide so that they can be prevented from further oxidation.

• Iron filings burn vigorously in nature, but Fe does not.

• The coating is done on copper with black copper oxide, but still, it does not burn.

• The reaction of oxygen can not proceed with silver and gold.

The reaction of metals with amphoteric oxides: These are the oxides that react with both acids and bases to produce salts and water and are termed amphoteric oxides.

What happens when Metals react with Water?

• Metal and water react with each other to form metal oxide and hydrogen gas.

• Metal oxide reacts with water to produce metal hydroxide.

What happens when Metals react with Acids?

In the case of copper, silver, and mercury, they do not react with dilute acids.

How do Metals react with Solutions of other Metal Salts?

Let us suppose that metal A reacts with another salt solution B to produce a salt solution of metal A and metal B.

The displacement of elements depends upon the reactivity series of metals; the more reactive the metal, the more it displaces the less reactive one.

How do metals and non-metals react?

When an electron comes out of the shell, it forms the cation, which is a property of metal elements; on the other hand, when an electron is gained by a valence shell, it forms the anion, which is a property of the non-metal element.

Properties of Ionic Compounds:

The formation of an ionic compound is done by the transfer of electrons. Electrons from metals transfer to non-metals and are called ionic compounds, also known as electrovalent compounds.

Properties:

• Physical nature of ionic compounds: They are brittle, solid, and hard compounds.

• Melting and boiling points: Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.

• Solubility: Ionic compounds are insoluble in a solution of kerosene, petrol, etc., whereas they are soluble in water.

• The conductivity of ionic compounds: ionic compounds are conductive in the molten state but not in the solid state.

Occurrence of Metals

• Minerals: Elements or compounds that are found in nature or in the earth’s crust naturally are termed minerals.

• Ores: Those minerals that contain a very high percentage of a particular metal, and those metals that can also be extracted from that mineral, are called ores.

Reactivity series

The metals present at the top in the reactive series are more reactive. Going down, the reactivity decreases.

Extracting Mineral from Ores:

Minerals can be extracted from ores using the three major steps involved, which are discussed below.

Step 1: Enrichment

Step 2: Extraction

Step 3: Refining

The other important steps included in the extraction of metals from ores.

Important terms to remember:

• Gangue: The impurities which are present on ores when we extract them, such as soil, sand, etc.

• Roasting: In the presence of an excess amount of air, the sulphur dioxide ores are converted to oxides, the process is known as Roasting. The process is done in high-temperature range.

• Calcination: In a limited amount of air, the carbonate ores are converted to oxides, the process is known as Calcination. The process is done in low-temperature range.

• Reduction: With the help of reducing agent like carbon, the metal oxides are converted to their corresponding metals, process is known as Reduction.

Refining of Metals:

Electrolytic refining is the most extensively used method for refining.

This method is used for impure metals and refining metals.

On Anode: Impure Copper

On Cathode: Strip of pure Copper

On electrolyte: Solution of acidified Copper sulphate.

When current passes through the electrolyte, the metal that is impure on the anode will dissolve in the electrolyte.

At the cathode, the pure metal will be deposited of an equivalent amount.

The anode mud is settled down in the tank; those are insoluble impurities.

Corrosion: Corrosion can be defined as when the surface of metals is exposed to mist air for a longer period of time, then that surface is corroded, and the phenomenon is termed corrosion.

Examples: When silver is exposed to air, it reacts with the air to become black.

When iron is exposed to air, it reacts with air to become brown in colour and look

flaky.

Prevention: The rusting can be treated and prevented by painting, galvanising, oiling and

Greasing.

Galvanisation: By coating steel and iron with a thin layer of zinc, the method is termed Galvanisation.

Class 10 Science: Chapter Wise Notes

Significance of NCERT Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 3 Notes

Metals and Non-metals 10 notes will be helpful in revising all the topics covered in this chapter in one place, which is a more convenient way to learn faster with no other hustle by searching here and there. The highlighting equations are marked with different colours so this will help students recall that specific reaction faster. Also, this NCERT Class 10 Science chapter 3 is available freely, which is another way to learn offline without any issues in the future by just clicking the Class 10 CBSE Science Syllabus.

CBSE Class 10 Science chapter 3 notes helps in maintaining conceptual knowledge of the behaviour of metals and non-metals. Metals and Non-metals Class 10th Notes guides you on the path through which you can achieve a good score in the CBSE board examination. Class 10 Metals and Non-metals contain the properties of metals and non-metals and also cover the reaction of metals and non-metals with different compounds.

NCERT Solutions of Class 10 Subject Wise

• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science

NCERT Class 10 Exemplar Solutions:

• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Maths solutions
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science solutions

CBSE Class 10 Books and Syllabus