NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Notes Control And Coordination- Download PDF Notes

Control and coordination is a very important biology chapter of the NCERT Class 10th from an exam point of view. The NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 notes give you a basic idea of the control and coordination mechanisms in plants and animals. The main topics covered in Chapter 7 NCERT Class 10 Science notes are definitions, examples, the nervous system of animals, what happens in reflex actions?, the human brain, coordination in plants, plant hormones, and hormones in animals. Download the CBSE Notes for Class 10 Science, Chapter 7, PDF to use offline anywhere. Students must go through each topic in Control and Coordination in Class 10 Notes Science in the easiest and most effective way possible with the help of NCERT Notes for Class 10.

Class 10 Science chapter 7 notes also cover all the important concepts related to this chapter that are useful in several competitive exams. Control and coordination NCERT Notes for Class 10 Science help you revise these major concepts given in the NCERT Book in no time during the preparation of the CBSE Board exam. CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 7 notes will help you with quick revision. The Control and Coordination chapter covers all headings of the NCERT textbook. CBSE Class 10 Science chapter 7 notes also contain important examples that have been frequently asked in the various exams. Having revision notes and NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Chapter 7 handy is beneficial to save you time. The NCERT Class 10 notes pdf can be downloaded through the link given below.

Also, students can refer to:

• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination.
• NCERT Exemplar for Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and coordination.

NCERT Class 10 Chapter 7 Class Notes

Control and Coordination

Movements caused as a response to a stimulus are a result of the action of some kind of underlying control and coordination mechanism.

Precise control and coordination are carried out via some specialised tissues in multicellular organisms.

Animals - Nervous System

• Nervous and muscular tissues provide control and coordination in animals.
• Environmental changes are detected by specialised tips (dendrites) of some neurons (present in sense organs i.e., ear, tongue, skin, nose, and eye) by chemical reactions that create electrical impulses.
• This impulse travels through the cell body to the axon of the neuron.
• The nerve impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another through a junction called a synapse.
• Synapses could be electrical synapses or chemical synapses.
• Neuro-muscular junction formed between neuron and muscle fibre transmit nerve impulses to muscle cells.

What Happens in Reflex Actions?

• Reflex actions refer to sudden, involuntary reactions to a stimulus in the environment.
• No thinking in the brain is involved in reflex actions, instead, this quick response is mediated by the reflex arc in the spinal cord.
• The spinal cord is a bundle of nerves on its way towards the brain from all across the body.
• In a reflex arc, a sensory neuron receives a signal from a receptor organ and transmits the impulse via a sensory neuron in the spinal cord, and then to a motor neuron that carries this impulse to the effector organ.
• It can also be perceived as the quickest/ shortest route for an impulse between a receptor to an effector.

Human Brain

• The central nervous system (CNS) is the site for information processing and control. It is constituted by the brain and spinal cord.
• The brain is the main coordinating centre of the body.
• The peripheral nervous system (PNS) facilitates communication between the CNS and the rest of the body.
• Nerves originating from the brain are called cranial nerves, and those from the spinal cord are termed spinal nerves.

The brain has three broad divisions; forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.

• The forebrain is the biggest section of the brain, it receives sensory impulses from various receptors, and is titled the main thinking part of the brain.
• It controls all voluntary actions.
• The forebrain has specialised areas for various senses and a separate area for interpretation of this sensory information by combining data from other receptors and comparing it with existing information stored from past experiences.
• The Hypothalamus (part of the forebrain) is associated with various sensations like hunger.
• The midbrain and hindbrain are responsible for controlling a lot of involuntary actions.
• The medulla (part of the hindbrain) controls involuntary actions including blood pressure, salivation, and vomiting.
• The cerebellum (part of the hindbrain) maintains body balance and ensures the precision of voluntary actions.

How are These Tissues Protected?

• The brain is protected by the skull, which is a bony structure around the brain.
• Additional shock absorption is provided by the fluid around the brain.
• The spinal cord is protected by the bony vertebral column.

How Does The Nervous Tissue Cause Action?

• Muscle cells contract (shortens) in response to a nerve impulse.
• This change in muscle cells is brought into action by specialised muscle proteins in these cells that change their arrangement in response to an electrical impulse, this new arrangement of proteins shortens the muscle fibre.

Coordination In Plants

• Unlike animals, plants don’t have nervous tissues for control and coordination.
• Leaves of the Chui-mui/touch-me-not plant fold when touched; this movement is independent of growth.
• Growth-dependent movement in plants is seen during seed germination, the roots go down in the soil, and the stem rises in the air.

Immediate Response to Stimulus

• The plants also use electrical-chemical means to convey information from cell to cell.
• Folding leaves of touch-me-not is an immediate response to stimulus (touch/shock), it’s caused by a lowering of turgidity in plant cells.

Movement Due to Growth

• Environmental stimuli like light, gravity, or water can trigger directional growth towards/against the stimulus.
• The bending of plant shoots towards light is called phototropism.
• Plant roots move down the soil in the direction of gravity, this behaviour is termed positively geotropic growth.
• Plants also react to water; hydrotropism, and chemical stimuli; chemotropism, which is seen in pollen tube development in angiosperm ovules.

Electrical vs Chemical Coordination

• Electrical impulses deliver the message very quickly as compared to chemically administered signals, but cells have to be in direct contact with neurons to send/receive impulses.
• An electrical impulse also requires some time to reset before it can transmit the next impulse.
• In chemical coordination, cells release the messenger chemical that will reach its target by diffusion.
• Target cells have special molecules on their plasma membrane to detect the messenger molecule.
• This method of communication is much slower than electrical transmission, but it can be used steadily and persistently.

Plant Hormones

• Similar to animals, plants also use chemicals to communicate between different parts.
• Auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins are plant-growth-promoting hormones.
• Auxin is synthesised at the shoot apex; it promotes cell elongation. Auxin causes the bending of shoot towards the light.
• Gibberellins help in stem growth.
• A high concentration of cytokinins is found in areas of active cell division, they promote cell division.

Abscisic acid is a plant growth inhibitor hormone, it affects wilting of leaves.

Hormones In Animals

• Chemical signals or hormones reach all cells of the body, unlike neural impulses. As electrical signalling was under the nervous system, chemical messaging is studied under the endocrine system.
• Increased concentration of adrenaline hormone fastens heartbeat, diverts blood to skeletal muscles, and increases breathing rate. It decreases blood flow to the digestive tract and skin. It prepares the body for emergency response.
• The thyroid gland requires iodine for the formation of the thyroxine hormone. Thyroxin regulates carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism in the body. The deficiency of iodine leads to goiter.
• The pituitary gland (located in the brain) secretes multiple hormones including the growth hormone that is required for proper growth and development.
• Excess or scarcity of growth hormone will result in giantism or dwarfism respectively.
• On reaching puberty (10-12 age), secretion of estrogen and testosterone hormones start in the female and male body respectively.
• Blood glucose level is regulated by insulin hormone released by the pancreas.
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Chapter-Wise NCERT Class 10 Notes Science

Significance of NCERT Notes for Class 10 Science, Chapter 7

Control and coordination Class 10 notes will be useful in revising the chapter and getting a sense of the key issues discussed. This NCERT Class 10 Science chapter 7 notes may also be used to cover the important concepts of the CBSE Science Syllabus in Class 10 as well as for competitive examinations such as NEET and NTSE.

Subject Wise NCERT Solutions

• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science

Subject Wise NCERT Exemplar Solutions

• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Maths solutions
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science solutions