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Did you know that the waste we throw away can harm our environment for years? The NCERT notes for class 10, chapter 13 are designed by subject experts in clear language. These notes are easy to read and a great resource for quick revision before exams. This chapter includes important topics like food chains, food webs, energy flow, and types of waste. It also explains how human actions affect nature and the ozone layer. The NCERT notes make all topics simple and useful for board and competitive exam preparation.
The NCERT Notes for Class 10 provide clear explanations of important topics, making learning easier and effective for students. This chapter introduces students to the environment, which consists of biotic (living) components and abiotic (non-living) components. Our environment also includes the ozone layer and its vital role in protecting life on Earth from ultraviolet radiation. The NCERT Notes Class 10 Science cover all concepts, which are useful in competitive exams. Questions from this chapter have been frequently asked in various exams.
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Students can download the full PDF notes for the chapter Our Environment to revise all the main topics easily. It covers topics like ecosystems, waste management, and how humans affect nature. This PDF is simple to understand and can be used both online and offline for quick revision.
To help students with their studies, these notes are prepared in simple language. They explain important topics like food chains, food webs, and energy flow in an easy-to-understand way. Concepts like biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste, ecosystem, and the impact of human activities are also clearly covered.
Provided below are some of the key points to know the differences between the two different type of substances and their impact on the environment.
Primary consumers- Animals that feed on plants are called primary consumers. Example - cow, buffalo, goat etc.
Secondary consumers- Animals that eat the primary consumers are said to be secondary consumers. Example - Sparrow, crow, etc.
Tertiary consumers- Animals that feed on other carnivores are known as tertiary consumers. Wolf eating upon fox is an example of tertiary consumer.
Some key points of the food chain and food web are explained below, along with clear diagrams.
Ozone is a highly reactive molecule containing three oxygen atoms(O3).
UV rays break up molecular oxygen (O2) into free oxygen (O) atoms, which mix with the molecular oxygen (O2) to generate ozone (O3).
O2 →O + O
O+O2 →O3
Also Read, NCERT Books and Syllabus
Previous years’ questions given below help students understand what kind of questions are asked in the exam. They can also check how much they have studied and where they need to improve.
Question 1: _________ is a non-biodegradable substance.
Option 1. Paper
Option 2. Aluminum
Option 3. Plant products
Option 4. None of the above
Answer:
Paper, clipboards, metal containers like aluminium plants and human waste, and several plant products are classified under biodegradable substances. However, an example of a non - non-biodegradable substance could be plastic products.
Hence, the correct answer is option (4), None of the above
Question 2: Primary producers capture about __ of the energy of sunlight that falls on their leaves.
Option 1. 0.1%
Option 2. 1%
Option 3. 10%
Option 4. 0.01%
Answer:
Primary producers that are green plants, also known as autotrophs, capture about 1% of the energy of sunlight that falls on their leaves and convert it into food energy.
Hence, the correct answer is option (2), 1%
Question 3: Every food chain in the ecosystem begins with ____ , which is the primary source of food.
Option 1. Saprophytes
Option 2. Parasites
Option 3. Producers
Option 4. Consumers
Answer:
Primarily, all green plants, which are considered primary producer, capture the energy present in sunlight and convert it into chemical energy.
Hence, the correct answer is option (3), Producers
NCERT Solutions Subject Wise
Given below are the notes for each chapter, which are designed to simplify the concepts and help students in doing effective exam preparation.
Producers are all organisms that can prepare their own food through photosynthesis using the sun's radiant energy received by the chlorophyll in the leaves.
Consumers are organisms that consume the food produced, either directly or indirectly.
Based on their manner of feeding, consumers can be classed as primary, secondary, or tertiary.
Primary consumers include all herbivores and some parasites.
Rabbits, for example, consume grass.
Secondary consumers include many tiny carnivores and parasites.
A snake that eats rabbits is an example.
Tertiary consumers include larger carnivores and omnivores.
An owl, for example, eats snakes.
Our waste materials are discharged into the environment as a result of our daily activities. Biodegradable compounds are those that can be broken down by biological processes. For example - Plant and animal organic materials.
Non-biodegradable compounds are those that are not broken down by bacteria or saprophytes. Plastics are a good example.
Decomposers are creatures that break down the dead remnants and waste products of other organisms. Decomposers in the soil break down complex organic chemicals into simple inorganic substances that plants can utilise.
Exam Date:22 July,2025 - 29 July,2025
Exam Date:22 July,2025 - 28 July,2025
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