NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 7 Alternating Current

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Class 12 Physics Chapter 7 Exercise Solutions

Q7.1 (a) A $100\Omega$ resistor is connected to a $220\: V$ , $50\: Hz$ ac supply.

a)what is the RMS value of current?

Answer:

Given,

RMS voltage in the circuit $V_{rms}=220V$

Resistance in the circuit $R=100\Omega$

Now,

RMS current in the circuit:

$I_{rms}=\frac{V_{rms}}{R}=\frac{220}{100}=2.2A$

Hence, the RMS value of current is 2.2A.

Q7.1 (b) A $100W$ resistor is connected to a $220\: V$ , $50Hz$ ac supply.

What is the rms value of current in the circuit?

Answer:

Given,

RMS Voltage in the circuit $V_{rms}=200V$

Resistance in the circuit $R=100\Omega$

Now,

RMS Current in the circuit:

$I_{rms}=\frac{V_{rms}}{R}=\frac{220}{100}=2.2A$

Hence, the RMS value of current is 2.2A.

Q7.1 (c) A $100\Omega$ resistor is connected to a $220\: V$ , $50\: Hz$ ac supply.

What is the net power consumed over a full cycle?

Answer:

Given,

Supplied RMS Voltage $V_{rms}=220V$

Supplied RMS Current $I_{rms}=2.2A$

The net power consumed over a full cycle:

$P=V_{rms}I_{rms}=220*2.2=484W$

Hence net power consumed is 484W.

Q7.2 (a) The peak voltage of an ac supply is $300 V$ . What is the RMS voltage?

Answer:

Given

Peak Value of ac supply:

$V_{peak}=300V$

Now as we know in any sinusoidal function

$RMSvalue=\frac{peakvalue}{\sqrt{2}}$

Since our ac voltage supply is also sinusoidal

$V_{rms}=\frac{V_{peak}}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{300}{\sqrt{2}}=212.13V$

Hence RMS value of voltage os 212.13V.

Q7.2 (b) The RMS value of current in an ac circuit is $10\: A$ . What is the peak current?

Answer:

Given,

RMS value of current $I_{rms}=10A$

Since Current is also sinusoidal (because only resistance is present in the circuit, not the capacitor and inductor)

$I_{rms}=\frac{I_{peak}}{\sqrt{2}}$

$I_{peak}=\sqrt{2}I_{rms}=\sqrt{2}*10=14.1A$

Hence the peak value of current is 14.1A.

Q7.3 A $44\: mH$ inductor is connected to $220\: V$ , $50\: Hz$ ac supply. Determine the RMS value of the current in the circuit.

Answer:

Given

Supply Voltage $V=220V$

Supply Frequency $f=50Hz$

The inductance of the inductor connected $L=44mH=44*10^{-3}H$

Now

Inductive Reactance

$X_L=\omega L=2\pi fL=2\pi *50*44*10^{-3}$

RMS Value of the current :

$I_{rms}=\frac{V_{rms}}{X_L}= \frac{220}{2\pi *50*44*10^{-3}}=15.92A$

Hence the RMS Value of current is 15.92A.

Q7.4 A $60\mu F$ capacitor is connected to a $100\: V$ , $60\; Hz$ ac supply. Determine the rms value of the current in the circuit.

Answer:

Given,

Supply Voltage $V = 110V$

Supply Frequency $f=60Hz$

The capacitance of the connected capacitor $C=60\mu F=60*10^{-6}F$

Now,

Capacitive Reactance

$X_C=\frac{1}{\omega C}=\frac{1}{2\pi fC}=\frac{1}{2\pi *60*60*10^{-6}}$

RMS Value of current

$I_{rms}=\frac{V_{rms}}{X_C}=V\omega C=V2\pi fC=110*2\pi *60*60*10^{-6}=2.49A$

Hence the RMS Value of current is 2.49A.

Q7.5 In Exercises 7.3 and 7.4, what is the net power absorbed by each circuit over a complete cycle. Explain your answer.

Answer:

As we know,

Power absorbed $P=VIcos\phi$

Where $\phi$ is the phase difference between voltage and current.

$\phi$ for the inductive circuit is -90 degree and $\phi$ for the capacitive circuit is +90 degree.

In both cases (inductive and capacitive), the power absorbed by the circuit is zero because in both cases the phase difference between current and voltage is 90 degree.

This can be seen as The elements(Inductor and Capacitor) are not absorbing the power, rather storing it. The capacitor is storing energy in electrostatic form and Inductor is storing the energy in magnetic form.

Q7.6 Obtain the resonant frequency $\omega _{r}$ of a series $LCR$ circuit with $L=2.0H$ , $C=32\mu F$ and $R=10\Omega$ . What is the Q -value of this circuit?

Answer:

Given, in a circuit,

Inductance, $L=2H$

Capacitance, $C=32\mu F=32*10^{-6}F$

Resistance, $R=10\Omega$

Now,

Resonance frequency (frequency of maximum current OR minimum impedance OR frequency at which inductive reactance cancels out capacitive reactance )

$\omega _r=\frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2*32*10^{-6}}}=\frac{1}{8*10^{-3}}=125s^{-1}$

Hence Resonance frequency is 125 per second.

Q-Value:

$Q=\frac{1}{R}\sqrt{\frac{L}{C}}=\frac{1}{10}\sqrt{\frac{2}{32*10^{-6}}}=25$

Hence Q - value of the circuit is 25.

Q7.7 A charged $30\mu F$ capacitor is connected to a $27mH$ inductor. What is the angular frequency of free oscillations of the circuit?

Answer:

Given

Capacitance $C=30\mu F=30*10^{-6}$

Inductance $L = 27mH = 27*10^{-3}H$

Now,

Angular Frequency

$\omega _r=\frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{30*10^{-6}*27*10^{-3}}}=1.11*10^{3}rad/sec$

Hence Angular Frequency is $1.11*10^{3}rad/sec$

Q7.8 Suppose the initial charge on the capacitor in Exercise 7.7 is $6mC$ . What is the total energy stored in the circuit initially? What is the total energy at later time?

Answer:

Given

Capacitance $C=30\mu F=30*10^{-6}$

Inductance $L = 27mH = 27*10^{-3}H$

Charge on the capacitor $Q=6mC=6*10^{-3}C$

Now,

The total energy stored in Capacitor :

$E=\frac{Q^2}{2C}=\frac{(6*10^{-3})^2}{2*30*10^{-6}}=\frac{6}{10}=0.6J$

Total energy later will be same because energy is being shared with capacitor and inductor and none of them loses the energy, they just store it and transfer it.

Q7.9 A series LCR circuit with $R=20\Omega$ , $L=1.5H$ and $c=35\mu F$ is connected to a variable-frequency $200\; V$ ac supply. When the frequency of the supply equals the natural frequency of the circuit, what is the average power transferred to the circuit in one complete cycle?

Answer:

Given,

Resistance $R=20\Omega$

Inductance $L=1.5H$

Capacitance $C=35\mu F=35*10^{-6}F$

Voltage supply $V = 200V$

At resonance, supply frequency is equal to the natural frequency, and at the natural frequency, the total impedance of the circuit is equal to the resistance of the circuit

as inductive and capacitive reactance cancels each other. in other words,

$Z = \sqrt{\left ( \omega L-\frac{1}{\omega C} \right )^2+R^2}=\sqrt{0^2+R^2}=R=20\Omega$

$\omega L=\frac{1}{\omega C}$

Now,

Current in the circuit

$I=\frac{V}{Z}=\frac{200}{20}=10A$

Average Power transferred in the circuit :

$P=VI=200*10=2000W$

Hence average power transferred is 2000W.

Q7.10 A radio can tune over the frequency range of a portion of $MW$ broadcast band: $(800kHz\: to1200kHz)$ . If its $LC$ circuit has an effective inductance of $200\mu H$ , what must be the range of its variable capacitor?

Answer:

Given,

Range of the frequency in which radio can be tune = $(800kHz\: to1200kHz)$

The effective inductance of the Circuit = $200\mu H$

Now, As we know,

$w^2=1/\sqrt{LC}$

$C=1/w^2L$

where $w$ is tuning frequency.

For getting the range of the value of a capacitor, let's calculate the two values of the capacitor, one maximum, and one minimum.

first, let's calculate the minimum value of capacitance which is the case when tuning frequency = 800KHz.

$C_{minimum}=\frac{1}{w_{minimum}^2L}=\frac{1}{(2\pi(800*10^3))^2*200*10^{-6}}=1.981*10^{-10}F$

Hence the minimum value of capacitance is 198pF.

Now, Let's calculate the maximum value of the capacitor.

in this case, tuning frequency = 1200KHz

$C_{maximum}=\frac{1}{w_{maximum}^2L}=\frac{1}{(2\pi(1200*10^3))^2*200*10^{-6}}=88.04*10^{-12}F$

Hence the maximum value of the capacitor is 88.04pf

Hence the Range of the values of the capacitor is $88.04pF to 198.1pF$ .

Q7.11 (a) Figure shows a series LCR circuit connected to a variable frequency $230\: V$ source. $L=5.0H$ , $C=80\mu F$ , $R=40\Omega$ .

(a) Determine the source frequency which drives the circuit in resonance.

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Answer:

Given,

Variable frequency supply voltage $V$ = 230V

Inductance $L=5.0H$

Capacitance $C=80\mu F=80*10^{-6}F$

Resistance $R=40\Omega$

a) Resonance angular frequency in this circuit is given by :

$w_{resonance}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{5*80*10^{-6}}}=\frac{1000}{20}=50rad/sec$

Hence this circuit will be in resonance when supply frequency is 50 rad/sec.

Q7.11 (b) Figure shows a series LCR circuit connected to a variable frequency $230\: V$ source.

$L=5.0H$ , $C=80\mu F$ , $R=40\Omega$ .

(b) Obtain the impedance of the circuit and the amplitude of current at the resonating frequency.

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Answer:

Given,

Variable frequency supply voltage $V$ = 230V

Inductance $L=5.0H$

Capacitance $C=80\mu F=80*10^{-6}F$

Resistance $R=40\Omega$

Now,

The impedance of the circuit is

$Z=\sqrt{(wL-\frac{1}{wC})^2+R^2}$

at Resonance Condition

: $wL=\frac{1}{wC}$

$Z=R=40\Omega$

Hence, Impedance at resonance is 40 $\Omega$ .

Now, at resonance condition, impedance is minimum which means current is maximum which will happen when we have a peak voltage, so

Current in the Resonance circuit is Given by

$I_{resonance}=\frac{V_{peak}}{Z}=\frac{\sqrt{2}* 230}{40}=8.13A$

Hence amplitude of the current at resonance is 8.13A.

Q7.11 Figure shows a series LCR circuit connected to a variable frequency $230\: V$ source.

$L=5.0H$ , $C=80\mu F$ , $R=40\Omega$ .

Determine the rms potential drops across the three elements of the circuit. Show that the potential drop across the LC combination is zero at the resonating frequency.

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Answer:

Potential difference across any element = $I_{rms}*(impedance)$

$I_{rms}=\frac{I_{peak}}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{8.13}{\sqrt{2}}=5.85A$

Now

The potential difference across the capacitor:

$V_{capacitor}=I_{rms}*\left (\frac{1}{w_{resonance}C} \right ) =5.85*\left ( \frac{1}{50*80*10^{-6}} \right )=1437.5V$

The potential difference across the inductor

$V_{inductor}=I_{rms}*(w_{resonance}L) =5.85* 50*5=1437.5V$

The potential difference across Resistor

=40 I_rms=230V

The potential difference across LC combination

$V_{LC}=I_{rms}*\left ( wL-\frac{1}{wC} \right )=5.85*0=0$

Hence at resonating, frequency potential difference across LC combination is zero.

NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 7 Exercise Solutions: Additional Exercise

Q7.12 (a) An $LC$ circuit contains a $20mH$ inductor and a $50\mu F$ capacitor with an initial charge of $10mC$ . The resistance of the circuit is negligible. Let the instant the circuit is closed be $t=0$ .

What is the total energy stored initially? Is it conserved during $LC$ oscillations?

Answer :

Given,

The inductance of the inductor:

$L=20mH=20*10^{-3}H$

The capacitance of the capacitor :

$C=50\mu F=50*10^{-6}F$

The initial charge on the capacitor:

$Q=10mC=10*10^{-3}C$

Total energy present at the initial moment:

$E_{initial}=\frac{Q^2}{2C}=\frac{(10*10^{-3})^2}{2*50*10^{-6}}=1J$

Hence initial energy in the circuit is 1J. Since we don't have any power-consuming element like resistance in the circuit, the energy will be conserved

Q7.12 (b) An $LC$ circuit contains a $20mH$ inductor and a $50\mu F$ capacitor with an initial charge of $10mC$ . The resistance of the circuit is negligible. Let the instant the circuit is closed be $t=0$ .

What is the natural frequency of the circuit?

Answer:

Given,

The inductance of the inductor:

$L=20mH=20*10^{-3}H$

The capacitance of the capacitor :

$C=50\mu F=50*10^{-6}F$

The initial charge on the capacitor:

$Q=10mC=10*10^{-3}C$

The natural angular frequency of the circuit:

$w_{natural}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{(20*10^{-3}*50*10^{-6})}}=10^3rad/sec$

Hence the natural angular frequency of the circuit is $10^3rad/sec$ .

The natural frequency of the circuit:

$f_{natural}=\frac{w_{natural}}{2\pi}=\frac{10^3}{2\pi}=159Hz$

Hence the natural frequency of the circuit is 159Hz.

Q7.12 (c-i) An $LC$ circuit contains a $20mH$ inductor and a $50\mu F$ capacitor with an initial charge of $10mC$ . The resistance of the circuit is negligible. Let the instant the circuit is closed be $t=0$ .

( c) At what time is the energy stored

(i) completely electrical (i.e., stored in the capacitor)?

Answer:

at any instant, the charge on the capacitor is:

$Q=Q_0cos(w_{natural}t)=Q_0cos(2\pi f_{natural}t)=Q_0cos\left ( \frac{2\pi t}{T} \right )$

Where time period :

$T=\frac{1}{f_{natural}}=\frac{1}{159}=6.28ms$

Now, when the total energy is purely electrical, we can say that

$Q=Q_0$

$Q_0=Q_0cos(\frac{2\pi}{T})$

$cos(\frac{2\pi t}{T})=1$

this is possible when

$t=0,\frac{T}{2},T,\frac{3T}{2}....$

Hence Total energy will be purely electrical(stored in a capacitor) at

$t=0,\frac{T}{2},T,\frac{3T}{2}....$ .

Q7.12 (c-ii) An $LC$ circuit contains a $20mH$ inductor and a $50\mu F$ capacitor with an initial charge of $10mC$ . The resistance of the circuit is negligible.
(C) Let the instant the circuit is closed be $t=0$ .

(ii) completely magnetic (i.e., stored in the inductor)?

Answer:

The stored energy will we purely magnetic when the pure electrical stored is zero. i.e. when the charge on the capacitor is zero, all energy will be stored in the inductor.

So, t for which charge on the capacitor is zero is

$t=\frac{T}{4},\frac{3T}{4},\frac{5T}{4}..$

Hence at these times, the total energy will be purely magnetic.

Q7.12 (d) An $LC$ circuit contains a $20mH$ inductor and a $50\mu F$ capacitor with an initial charge of $10mC$ . The resistance of the circuit is negligible. Let the instant the circuit is closed be $t=0$ .

At what times is the total energy shared equally between the inductor and the capacitor?

Answer:

The energy will be shared equally when the energy in the capacitor is half of the maximum energy it can store.i.e.

$\frac{Q^2}{2C}=\frac{1}{2}\frac{Q_0^2}{2C}$

From here, we got

$Q=\frac{Q_0}{\sqrt{2}}$

So now, we know the charge on the capacitor, we can calculate the time for which

$\frac{Q_0}{\sqrt{2}}=Q_0cos\left ( \frac{2\pi t}{T} \right )$

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}=cos\left ( \frac{2\pi t}{T} \right )$

From here,

$t=\frac{T}{8},\frac{3T}{8},\frac{5T}{8}..$

Hence for these times, the total energy will be shared equally between capacitor and inductor.

Q7.12 (e) An $LC$ circuit contains a $20mH$ inductor and a $50\mu F$ capacitor with an initial charge of $10mC$ . The resistance of the circuit is negligible. Let the instant the circuit is closed be $t=0$ .

If a resistor is inserted in the circuit, how much energy is eventually dissipated as heat?

Answer:

If the resistance is added to the circuit, the whole energy will dissipate as heat eventually. energy will keep moving between the capacitor and inductor with reducing in magnitude in each cycle and eventually all energy will be dissipated.

Q 7.13 (a) A coil of inductance $0.50H$ and resistance $100\Omega$ is connected to a $240V$ , $50Hz$ ac supply. What is the maximum current in the coil?

Answer:

Given,

The inductance of the coil $L=0.50H$

the resistance of the coil $R=100\Omega$

Supply voltage $V=240V$

Supply voltage frequency $f=50Hz$

Now, as we know peak voltage = $\sqrt2$ (RMS Voltage)

Peak voltage

$V_{peak}=\sqrt2*240=339.4V$

The impedance of the circuit :

$Z=\sqrt{R^2+(wL)^2}=\sqrt{100^2+(2\pi (.5) *50)^2}$

Now peak current in the circuit :

$I_{peak}=\frac{V_{peak}}{Z}=\frac{339}{\sqrt{100^2+(2\pi (.5) *50)^2}}=1.82A$

Hence peak current is 1.82A in the circuit.

Q 7.13 (b) A coil of inductance $0.50H$ and resistance $100\Omega$ is connected to a $200V$ , $50Hz$ ac supply. What is the time lag between the voltage maximum and the current maximum?

Answer:

Let the voltage in the circuit be

$V = V_0coswt$ and

Current in the circuit be

$I = I_0cos(wt-\phi )$

Where $\phi$ is the phase difference between voltage and current.

V is maximum At

t = 0

$I$ is maximum At

$t=\frac{w}{\phi }$

Hence, the time lag between voltage maximum and the current maximum is

$\frac{w}{\phi }$ .

For phase difference $\phi$ we have

$tan\phi =\frac{wL}{R}=\frac{2\pi *50*0.5}{100}=1.57$

$\phi =57.5^0$

$t=\frac{\phi}{w}=\frac{57.5*\pi}{180*2\pi *50}=3.2ms$

Hence time lag between the maximum voltage and the maximum current is $3.2ms$

Q7.14 Obtain the answers (a) to (b) in Exercise 7.13 if the circuit is connected to a high-frequency supply $(240 V\: ,10 kHz)$ . Hence, explain the statement that at very high frequency, an inductor in a circuit nearly amounts to an open circuit. How does an inductor behave in a dc circuit after the steady state?

Answer:

Given,

The inductance of the coil $L=50H$

the resistance of the coil $R=100\Omega$

Supply voltage $V=240V$

Supply voltage frequency $f=10kHz$

Now, as we know peak voltage = $\sqrt2$ (RMS Voltage)

Peak voltage $V_{peak}=\sqrt2*240=339.4V$

Now,

The impedance of the circuit :

$Z=\sqrt{R^2+(wL)^2}=\sqrt{100^2+(2\pi 10*10^3 *50)^2}$

Now peak current in the circuit :

$I_{peak}=\frac{V_{peak}}{Z}=\frac{339}{\sqrt{100^2+(2\pi 10*10^3 *50)^2}}=1.1*10^{-2}A$

Hence peak current is $1.1*10^{-2}A$ in the circuit.

The current in the circuit is very small, which is one of the indications of inductor working as a nearly open circuit in the case of high frequency.

For phase difference $\phi$ we have

$tan\phi =\frac{wL}{R}=\frac{2\pi *10*10^3*0.5}{100}=100\pi$

$\phi =89.82^0$

Now

$t=\frac{\phi}{w}=\frac{89.82*\pi}{180*2\pi *10^3}=25\mu s$

Hence time lag between the maximum voltage and the maximum current is $25\mu s$ .

In the DC circuit, after attaining the steady state, inductor behaves line short circuit as $w$ is Zero.

Q7.15 (a) A $100\mu F$ capacitor in series with a $40\Omega$ resistance is connected to a $110\: V$ , $60\: Hz$ supply.
What is the maximum current in the circuit?

Answer:

Given,

The capacitance of the capacitor $C=100\mu F$

The resistance of the circuit $R=40\Omega$

Voltage supply $V = 100V$

Frequency of voltage supply $f=60Hz$

The maximum current in the circuit

$I_{max}=\frac{V_{max}}{Z}=\frac{\sqrt{2}V}{\sqrt{R^2+\left ( \frac{1}{wC} \right )^2}}=\frac{\sqrt{2}*110}{\sqrt{40^2+\left ( \frac{1}{2\pi *60*100*10^{-6}} \right )^2}}=3.24A$

Hence maximum current in the circuit is 3.24A.

Q 7.15 (b) A $100\mu F$ capacitor in series with a $40\Omega$ resistance is connected to a $110\; V$ , $60\: Hz$ supply. What is the time lag between the current maximum and the voltage maximum?

Answer:

In the case of a capacitor, we have

$tan\phi=\frac{\frac{1}{wC}}{R}=\frac{1}{wCR}$

So,

$tan\phi=\frac{1}{wCR}=\frac{1}{2\pi 60 *100*10^{-6}*40}=0.6635$

$\phi=33.56^0$

So the time lag between max voltage and the max current is :

$t=\frac{\phi }{w}=\frac{33.56\pi}{180*2\pi*60}=1.55ms$

Q7.16 Obtain the answers to (a) and (b) in Exercise 7.15 if the circuit is connected to a $110\: V$ , $10kHz$ supply? Hence, explain the statement that a capacitor is a conductor at very high frequencies. Compare this behaviour with that of a capacitor in a dc circuit after the steady state.

Answer:

Given,

The capacitance of the capacitor $C=100\mu F$

The resistance of the circuit $R=40\Omega$

Voltage supply $V = 100V$

Frequency of voltage supply $f=12kHz$

The maximum current in the circuit

$I_{max}=\frac{V_{max}}{Z}=\frac{\sqrt{2}V}{\sqrt{R^2+\left ( \frac{1}{wC} \right )^2}}=\frac{\sqrt{2}*110}{\sqrt{40^2+\left ( \frac{1}{2\pi *12*10^3*100*10^{-6}} \right )^2}}=3.9A$

Hence maximum current in the circuit is 3.9A.

In the case of capacitor, we have

$tan\phi=\frac{\frac{1}{wC}}{R}=\frac{1}{wCR}$

So,

$tan\phi=\frac{1}{wCR}=\frac{1}{2\pi 10*10^3 *100*10^{-6}*40}=\frac{1}{96\pi}$

$\phi=0.2^0$

So the time lag between max voltage and max current is :

$t=\frac{\phi }{w}=\frac{0.2\pi}{180*2\pi*60}=0.04\mu s$

At high frequencies, $\phi$ tends to zero. which indicates capacitor acts as a conductor at high frequencies.

In the DC circuit, after a steady state is achieved, Capacitor acts like an open circuit.

Q7.17 Keeping the source frequency equal to the resonating frequency of the series $LCR$ circuit, if the three elements, $L$ , $C$ and $R$ are arranged in parallel, show that the total current in the parallel $LCR$ circuit is minimum at this frequency. Obtain the current rms value in each branch of the circuit for the elements and source specified in Exercise 7.11 for this frequency.

Answer:

As we know, in the case of a parallel RLC circuit:

$\frac{1}{Z}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{R^2}+(wC-\frac{1}{wL})^2}$

$I=\frac{V}{Z}={V}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{R^2}+\left (wC- \frac{1}{wL} \right )^2}}$

The current will be minimum when

$wC=\frac{1}{wL}$

Which is also the condition of natural frequency. Hence the total current is minimum when source frequency is equal to the natural frequency.

RMS value of current in R

$I_{rms}=\frac{V_{rms}}{R}=\frac{230}{40}=5.75A$

RMS value in Inductor

$I_{inductor}=\frac{V_{rms}}{wL}=\frac{230}{5*50}=0.92A$

RMS value in capacitor

$I_{capacitor}=\frac{V_{rms}}{1/wL}={230*50*80*10^{-6}}=0.92A$

Capacitor current and inductor current will cancel out each other so the current flowing in the circuit is 5.75A.

Q7.18 (a) A circuit containing a $80mH$ inductor and a $60\mu F$ capacitor in series is connected to a $230\: V$ , $50\: Hz$ supply. The resistance of the circuit is negligible. Obtain the current amplitude and rms values.

Answer:

The inductance of the inductor $L=80mH=80*10^3H$

The capacitance of the capacitor $C=60\mu F$

Voltage supply $V = 230V$

Frequency of voltage supply $f=50Hz$ .

Here, we have

$V=V_{max}sinwt=V_{max}sin2\pi ft$

Impedance

$Z=\sqrt{R^2+\left ( wL-\frac{1}{wC} \right )^2}$

$Z=\sqrt{0^2+\left ( 2\pi*50*80*10^{-3}-\frac{1}{2\pi 50*60*10^{-6}} \right )^2}=8\pi-\frac{1000}{6\pi }$

Now,

Current in the circuit will be

$I=\frac{V}{Z}=\frac{V_{max}sinwt}{Z\angle \phi }=I_{max}sin(wt-\phi )$

where,

$I_{max}=\frac{V_{max}}{Z}=\frac{\sqrt{2}*230}{8\pi-\frac{1000}{6\pi}}=-11.63A$

The negative sign is just a matter of the direction of current.so,

$I=11.63sin(wt-\phi )$

here

$tan\phi=\frac{wL-\frac{1}{wC}}{R}$

But, since the value of R is zero(since our circuit have only L and C)

$\phi=90^0$

Hence

$I=11.63sin(wt-\frac{\pi}{2} )$

Now,

RMS value of this current:

$I_{rms}=\frac{I_{max}}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{11.63}{\sqrt{2}}=8.22A$ .

Q7.18 (b) A circuit containing a $80mH$ inductor and a $60\mu F$ capacitor in series is connected to a $230\: V$ , $50\: Hz$ supply. The resistance of the circuit is negligible. Obtain the rms values of potential drops across each element.

Answer:

As we know,

RMS potential drop across an element with impedance Z:

$V_{element}=I_{rms}Z_{element}$

SO,

RMS potential difference across inductor:

$V_{inductor}=I_{rms}*wL=8.22*2\pi *60*80*10^{-3}=206.61V$

RMS potential drop across capacitor

$V_{capacitor}=I_{rms}*\frac{1}{wC}=8.22*\frac{1}{2\pi*60*60*10^{-6}}=436.3V$

Q7.18 (c) A circuit containing a $80mH$ inductor and a $60\mu F$ capacitor in series is connected to a $230\: V$ , $50\: Hz$ supply. The resistance of the circuit is negligible

Answer:

Since

$I=I_{max}sin(wt-\phi )$

Current flowing in the circuit is sinusoidal and hence average power will be zero as the average of sin function is zero.in other words, the inductor will store energy in the positive half cycle of the sin (0 degrees to 180 degrees) and will release that energy in the negative half cycle(180 degrees to 360 degrees), and hence average power is zero.

Q7.18 (d) A circuit containing a $80mH$ inductor and a $60\mu F$ capacitor in series is connected to a $230\: V$ , $50\: Hz$ supply. The resistance of the circuit is negligible . What is the average power transferred to the capacitor?

Answer:

As we know,

Average power $P=VIcos\theta$ where $\theta$ is the phase difference between voltage and current.

Since in the circuit, phase difference $\theta$ is $\pi/2$ , the average power is zero.

Q7.18 (e) A circuit containing a $80mH$ inductor and a $60\mu F$ capacitor in series is connected to a $230\: V$ , $50\: Hz$ supply. The resistance of the circuit is negligible . What is the total average power absorbed by the circuit? [‘Average’ implies ‘averaged over one cycle’.]

Answer:

Since the phase difference between voltage and current is 90 degree, even the total power absorbed by the circuit is zero. This is an ideal circuit, we can not have any circuit in practical that consumes no power, that is because practically resistance of any circuit is never zero. Here only inductor and capacitor are present and none of them consumes energy, they just store it and transfer it like they are doing it in this case.

Q7.19 Suppose the circuit in Exercise 7.18 has a resistance of $15\Omega$ . Obtain the average power transferred to each element of the circuit, and the total power absorbed.

Answer:

The inductance of the inductor $L=80mH=80*10^3H$

The capacitance of the capacitor $C=60\mu F$

The resistance of a $15\Omega$ resistor

Voltage supply $V = 230V$

Frequency of voltage supply $f=50Hz$

As we know,

Impedance

$Z=\sqrt{R^2+\left ( wL-\frac{1}{wC} \right )^2}$

$Z=\sqrt{15^2+\left ( 2\pi*50*80*10^{-3}-\frac{1}{2\pi 50*60*10^{-6}} \right )^2}=31.728$

Current flowing in the circuit :

$I=\frac{V}{Z}=\frac{230}{31.72}=7.25A$

Now,

Average power transferred to the resistor:

$P_{resistor}=I^2R=(7.25)^2*15=788.44W$

Average power transferred to the inductor = 0

Average power transferred to the capacitor = 0:

Total power absorbed by circuit :

$P_{resistor}+p_{inductor}+P_{capacitor}=788.44+0+0=788.44W$

Hence circuit absorbs 788.44W.

Q7.20 (a) A series LCR circuit with $L=0.12H$ , $C=480nF$ , $R=23\Omega$ is connected to a $230V$ variable frequency supply.

What is the source frequency for which current amplitude is maximum. Obtain this maximum value.

Answer:

The inductance of the inductor $L=0.12H$

The capacitance of the capacitor $C=480n F$

The resistance of the resistor $R=23\Omega$

Voltage supply $V = 230V$

Frequency of voltage supply $f=50Hz$

As we know,

the current amplitude is maximum at the natural frequency of oscillation, which is

$w_{natural}=\sqrt\frac{1}{LC}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{0.12*480*10^{-9}})}=4166.67rad/sec$

Also, at this frequency,

$Z=R=23$

SO,

The maximum current in the circuit :

$I_{max}=\frac{V_{max}}{Z}=\frac{V_{max}}{R}=\frac{\sqrt{2*}230}{23}=14.14A$

Hence maximum current is 14.14A.

Q7.20 (b) A series LCR circuit with $L=0.12H$ , $C=480nF$ , $R=23\Omega$ is connected to a $230V$ variable frequency supply.

What is the source frequency for which average power absorbed by the circuit is maximum. Obtain the value of this maximum power.

Answer:

Since the resistor is the only element in the circuit which consumes the power, the maximum absorbed power by circuit will be maximum when power absorbed by the resistor will be maximum. power absorbed by the resistor will be maximum at when current is maximum which is the natural frequency case,

Hence when source frequency will be equal to the natural frequency, the power absorbed will be maximum.

Hence frequency

$f=\frac{w_r}{2\pi}=\frac{4166.67}{2\pi}=663.48Hz$

Maximum Power Absorbed

$P=I^2R=(14.14)^2*23=2299.3W$ .

Q7.20 (c) A series LCR circuit with $L=0.12H$ , $C=480nF$ , $R=23\Omega$ is connected to a $230V$ variable frequency supply . What is the $Q$ factor of the given circuit?

Answer:

The value of maximum angular frequency is calculated in the first part of the question and whose magnitude is 4166.67

Q-factor of any circuit is given by

$Q=\frac{w_rL}{R}=\frac{4166.67*0.12}{23}=21.74$

Hence Q-factor for the circuit is 21.74.

Q7.20 (d) A series LCR circuit with $L=0.12H$ , $C=480nF$ , $R=23\Omega$ is connected to a $230V$ variable frequency supply. For which frequencies of the source is the power transferred to the circuit half the power at resonant frequency? What is the current amplitude at these frequencies?

Answer:

Power $P=I^2R$

Power $P$ will be half when the current $I$ is $1/\sqrt{2}$ times the maximum current.

As,

$I =I_{max}Sin(wt-\phi)$

At half powerpoint :

$\frac{i_{max}}{\sqrt{2}} =I_{max}Sin(wt-\phi)$

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} =Sin(wt-\phi)$

$wt=\phi+\frac{\pi}{4}$

here,

$\phi=tan^{-1}(\frac{wL-\frac{1}{wC}}{R})$

On putting values, we get, two values of $w$ for which

$wt=\phi+\frac{\pi}{4}$

And they are:

$w_1=678.75Hz$

$w_2=648.22Hz$

Also,

The current amplitude at these frequencies

$I_{halfpowerpoint}=\frac{I_{max}}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{14.14}{1.414}=10A$

Q7.21 Obtain the resonant frequency and $\varrho$ -factor of a series $LCR$ circuit with $L=0.3H$ , $C=27\mu F$ , and $R=7.4\Omega$ . It is desired to improve the sharpness of the resonance of the circuit by reducing its ‘full width at half maximum’ by a factor of 2. Suggest a suitable way.

Answer:

The inductance of the inductor $L=0.3H$

The capacitance of the capacitor $C=27\mu F$

The resistance of the resistor $R=7.4\Omega$

Now,

Resonant frequency

$w_r=\frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{0.3*27*10^{-6}}}=111.11rad/sec$

Q-Factor of the circuit

$Q=\frac{w_rL}{R}=\frac{111.11*0.3}{7.4}=45.0446$

Now, to improve the sharpness of resonance by reducing its full width at half maximum, by a factor of 2 without changing $w_r$ ,

we have to change the resistance of the resistor to half of its value, that is

$R_{new}=\frac{R}{2}=\frac{7.4}{2}=3.7\Omega$

Q7.22 (a) In any ac circuit, is the applied instantaneous voltage equal to the algebraic sum of the instantaneous voltages across the series elements of the circuit? Is the same true for rms voltage?

Answer:

Yes, at any instant the applied voltage will be distributed among all element and the sum of the instantaneous voltage of all elements will be equal to the applied. But this is not the case in RMS because all elements are varying differently and they may not be in the phase.

7.22 (b) Answer the following questions: A capacitor is used in the primary circuit of an induction coil.

Answer:

Yes, we use capacitors in the primary circuit of an induction coil to avoid sparking. when the circuit breaks, a large emf is induced and the capacitor gets charged from this avoiding the case of sparking and short circuit.

Q 7.22 (c) Answer the following questions:

An applied voltage signal consists of a superposition of a $dc$ voltage and an ac voltage of high frequency. The circuit consists of an inductor and a capacitor in series. Show that the dc signal will appear across $C$ and the ac signal across $L$ .

Answer:

For a high frequency, the inductive reactance and capacitive reactance:

$X_L=wL=Large \:value\: And \:X_C = \frac{1}{wC}=Very\:small$

Hence the capacitor does not offer resistance to a higher frequency, so the ac voltage appears across L.

Similarly

For DC, the inductive reactance and capacitive reactance:

$X_L=wL=Very\:small\: And \:X_C = \frac{1}{wC}=Large \:value$

Hence DC signal appears across Capacitor only.

Q 7.22 (d) Answer the following questions:

A choke coil in series with a lamp is connected to a dc line. The lamp is seen to shine brightly. Insertion of an iron core in the choke causes no change in the lamp’s brightness. Predict the corresponding observations if the connection is to an ac line.

Answer:

For a steady state DC, the increasing inductance value by inserting iron core in the choke, have no effect in the brightness of the connected lamp, whereas, for ac when the iron core is inserted, the light of the lamp will shine less brightly because of increase in inductive impedance.

Q7.22 (e) Answer the following questions:

Why is choke coil needed in the use of fluorescent tubes with ac mains? Why can we not use an ordinary resistor instead of the choke coil?

Answer:

We need choke coil in the use of fluorescent tubes with ac mains to reduce the voltage across the tube without wasting much power. If we use simply resistor for this purpose, there will be more power loss, hence we do not prefer it.

Q7.23 A power transmission line feeds input power at $2300 V$ to a stepdown transformer with its primary windings having $40000$ turns. What should be the number of turns in the secondary in order to get output power at $230 V$ ?

Answer:

Given,

Input voltage:

$V_{input}=2300V$

Number of turns in the primary coil

$N_{primary}= 4000$

Output voltage:

$V_{output}=230V$

Now,

Let the number of turns in secondary be

$N=N_{secondary}$

Now as we know, in a transformer,

$\frac{V_{primary}}{V_{secondary}}=\frac{N_{primary}}{N_{secondary}}$

${N_{secondary}} =\frac{V_{secondary}}{V_{primary}}*N_{primary}=\frac{230}{2300}*4000=400$

Hence the number of turns in secondary winding id 400.

Q7.24 At a hydroelectric power plant, the water pressure head is at a height of $300m$ and the water flow available is $100m^{3}s^{-1}$ . If the turbine generator efficiency is $60^{0}/_{0}$ , estimate the electric power availablefrom the plant $(g=9.8ms^{-2})$ .

Answer:

Given,

Height of the water pressure head

$h=300m$

The volume of the water flow per second

$V=100m^3s^{-1}$

Turbine generator efficiency

$\eta =0.6$

Mass of water flowing per second

$M=100*10^3=10^5kg$

The potential energy stored in the fall for 1 second

$P=Mgh=10^5*9.8*300=294*10^6J$

Hence input power

$P_{input}=294*10^6J/s$

Now as we know,

$\eta =\frac{P_{output}}{P_{input}}$

$P_{output}=\eta *P_{input}=0.6*294*10^6=176.4*10^6W$

Hence output power is 176.4 MW.

Q7.25 (a) A small town with a demand of $800 kW$ of electric power at $220V$ is situated $15km$ away from an electric plant generating power at $440V$ . The resistance of the two wire line carrying power is $0.5\Omega$ per km. The town gets power from the line through a $4000-220V$ step-down transformer at a sub-station in the town. Estimate the line power loss in the form of heat.

Answer:

Power required

$P=800kW=800*10^3kW$

The total resistance of the two-wire line

$R=2*15*0.5=15\Omega$

Input Voltage

$V_{input}=4000V$

Output Voltage:

$V_{output}=220V$

RMS Current in the wireline

$I=\frac{P}{V_{input}}=\frac{800*10^3}{4000}=200A$

Now,

Power loss in the line

$P_{loss}=I^2R=200^2*15=600*10^3=600kW$

Hence, power loss in line is 600kW.

7.25 (b) A small town with a demand of $800 kW$ of electric power at $220V$ is situated $15km$ away from an electric plant generating power at $440V$ . The resistance of the two wire line carrying power is $0.5\Omega$ per km. The town gets power from the line through a $4000-220V$ step-down transformer at a sub-station in the town.

How much power must the plant supply, assuming there is negligible power loss due to leakage?

Answer:

Power required

$P=800kW=800*10^3kW$

The total resistance of the two-wire line

$R=2*15*0.5=15\Omega$

Input voltage

$V_{input}=4000V$

Output voltage:

$V_{output}=220V$

RMS current in the wireline

$I=\frac{P}{V_{input}}=\frac{800*10^3}{4000}=200A$

Now,

Total power delivered by plant = line power loss + required electric power = 800 + 600 = 1400kW.

Q7.25 (c) A small town with a demand of $800 kW$ of electric power at $220V$ is situated $15km$ away from an electric plant generating power at $440V$ . The resistance of the two wire line carrying power is $0.5\Omega$ per km. The town gets power from the line through a $4000-220V$ step-down transformer at a sub-station in the town. Characterise the step up transformer at the plant.

Answer:

Power required

$P=800kW=800*10^3kW$

The total resistance of the two-wire line

$R=2*15*0.5=15\Omega$

Input Voltage

$V_{input}=4000V$

Output Voltage:

$V_{output}=220V$

RMS Current in the wireline

$I=\frac{P}{V_{input}}=\frac{800*10^3}{4000}=200A$

Now,

Voltage drop in the power line = $IR=200*15=3000V$

Total voltage transmitted from the plant = 3000+4000=7000

as power is generated at 440V, The rating of the power plant is 440V-7000V.

Q7.26 Do the same exercise as above with the replacement of the earlier transformer by a $40,000-220V$ step-down transformer (Neglect, as before, leakage losses though this may not be a good assumption any longer because of the very high voltage transmission involved). Hence, explain why high voltage transmission is preferred?

Answer:

Power required

$P=800kW=800*10^3kW$

The total resistance of the two-wire line

$R=2*15*0.5=15\Omega$

Input Voltage

$V_{input}=40000V$

Output Voltage:

$V_{output}=220V$

RMS current in the wireline

$I=\frac{P}{V_{input}}=\frac{800*10^3}{40000}=20A$

Now,

a) power loss in the line

$P_{loss}=I^2R=20^2*15=6kW$

Power supplied by plant = 800 kW + 6 kW = 806kW.

Voltage drop in the power line = $IR=20*15=300V$

Total voltage transmitted from the plant = 300+40000=40300

as power is generated at 440V, The rating of the power plant is 440V-40300V.

We prefer high voltage transmission because power loss is a lot lesser than low voltage transmission.

NCERT Solutions for class 12 physics: Chapter-Wise

Here are the exercise-wise solutions of the NCERT Class 12 physics book:

NCERT solutions for class 12 physics chapter 1 Electric Charges and Fields

NCERT solutions for class 12 physics chapter 2 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

NCERT solutions for class 12 physics chapter 3 Current Electricity

NCERT solutions for class 12 physics chapter 4 Moving Charges and Magnetism

NCERT solutions for class 12 physics chapter 5 Magnetism and Matter

NCERT solutions for class 12 physics chapter 6 Electromagnetic Induction

NCERT solutions for class 12 physics chapter 7 Alternating Current

NCERT solutions for class 12 physics chapter8 Electromagnetic Waves

NCERT solutions for class 12 physics chapter 9 Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

NCERT solutions for class 12 physics chapter 10 Wave Optics Solutions

NCERT solutions for class 12 physics chapter 11 Dual nature of radiation and matter

NCERT solutions for class 12 physics chapter 12 Atoms

NCERT solutions for class 12 physics chapter 13 Nuclei

NCERT solutions for class 12 physics chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics Materials Devices and Simple Circuits

Alternating current class 12 solutions: Important Formulas and Diagrams

Important Formulas and Diagrams serve as a crucial resource for exam preparation, be it for board exams or competitive ones like JEE and NEET. These formulas and diagrams condense complex concepts, aiding students in quick revision and problem-solving, ultimately boosting their confidence and performance in exams.

Alternating Current and Voltage

JEE Main Highest Scoring Chapters & Topics

Just Study 40% Syllabus and Score upto 100%

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I=I_osinωt Alternating current

V=V_osinωt Alternating Voltage

Where: Io is the peak value of current and Vo is the peak value of voltage

Periodic Time:

$T=\frac{2 \pi}{\omega}$

Frequency(f):

$\mathrm{f}=1 / \mathrm{T}=\omega / 2 \Pi$

Mean Value of An Alternating Current:

$V_{r m s}=\frac{V_0}{\sqrt{2}}=0.707 V_0$

Impedance and Resistance

For L-R series circuit: $Z_{R L}=\sqrt{R^2+X L^2}$

For R-C series circuit: $Z_{R C}=\sqrt{R^2+X C^2}$

Series LRC Circuit

$\begin{aligned} & Z_{R L C}= \sqrt{R^2+\left(X_L-X_C\right)^2} \\ & \sqrt{R^2+\left(\omega L-\frac{1}{\omega C}\right)^2} \end{aligned}$

At resonant frequency,

$\begin{aligned} X_C & =X_L \\ \frac{1}{\omega C} & =\omega L \\ \omega_r & =\frac{1}{\sqrt{L C}} \Rightarrow f_r=\frac{1}{2 \pi \sqrt{L C}} \end{aligned}$

Voltage and power in a transformer

The voltage across secondary coil: $V_s=\left(\frac{N_s}{N_p}\right) V_p$

Input and Output power: $\begin{aligned} & P_{\text {input }}=P_{\text {output }} \\ & V_P I_P=V_S I_S \end{aligned}$

NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 7 Alternating Current: Important topics

Class 12 NCERT introduces the concept of different ac circuits including the elements, resistor, capacitor, inductor and ac voltage source. Single-phase ac circuits and their questions are discussed in the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 physics chapter 7. The following are the main headings covered in physics Class 12 chapter 7.

AC voltage applied to a resistor- In this section, the analysis of a resistor circuit applied with an ac voltage of Vmsinωt is done and the terms like RMS and peak voltage and current is introduced. Also, the power dissipated in the resistor circuit is discussed. Question 1 and 2 of chapter 7 Physics Class 12 NCERT solutions given are based on this topic. The main formulas used here are:

$RMSvalue=\frac{peakvalue}{\sqrt{2}}$

The power consumed in a resistor circuit connected with ac source, P= V_rms* I_rms
In the next part of Alternating Current class 12, phasor representation of voltage and current is introduced.
Ch 7 physics Class 12 gives a small analysis of circuits involving R, L and C. Alternating Current Class 12 NCERT pdf solutions discuss questions based on series RL, RC and RLC circuits. Also, chapter 7 Class 12 physics discuss circuit including capacitance and inductance only
The concepts of LC oscillation, resonance and transformer and their basic equations are discussed.

Key Features of Class 12 Physics NCERT Solutions for Chapter 7 Alternating Current

omprehensive Coverage: These ncert class 12 physics chapter 7 exercise solutions encompass all topics and questions presented in Chapter 7, ensuring a thorough understanding of alternating current.
Detailed Explanations: Each ac current class 12 solution offers in-depth explanations, helping students grasp complex concepts.
Clarity and Simplicity: The alternating current class 12 solutions are presented in clear and straightforward language, making it easier for students to comprehend.
Practice Questions: Exercise questions are included for students to practice and assess their understanding.
Exam Preparation: These physics chapter 7 class 12 solutions are instrumental in board exam preparation and provide valuable support for competitive exams like JEE and NEET.
Foundation for Advanced Study: The concepts covered in this chapter are foundational for advanced physics and electrical engineering studies.
Free Accessibility: These alternating current questions and answers pdf are available for free, ensuring accessibility to all students.

These features make Alternating Current Class 12 NCERT solutions a valuable tool for students, facilitating their success in exams and future studies.

Also Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here:

NCERT solutions subject wise

Significance of NCERT solutions for class 12 physics chapter 7 in board exam

From the unit electromagnetic induction and alternating current Class 12, around 10% of the questions are asked in the CBSE 12th board exam.
If all the Class 12 Physics Chapter 7 NCERT solutions are covered then it is easy to answer questions asked in board exams.
This chapter 7 of NCERT Class 12 physics solutions is also important for JEE Main, NEET, state board exams, and competitive exams.
Prepare the chapter well with the help of CBSE NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 7 solutions.

Also, check

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Is the supply coming to our home alternating?

Yes, the supply received in our home is alternating. Usually, domestic supplies are single-phase and supply to industries, factories etc are three-phase.

2. What type of questions are asked in board exams from the chapter alternating current?

In the previous year question papers, questions related to identifying the circuit elements are repeatedly asked. Along with this simple numerical questions are also asked from Alternating Current. For practising numerical, solve NCERT exercise questions, NCERT exemplar questions and previous year papers.

3. What is the weightage of chapter for JEE Main?

One question for JEE main can be expected from the Class 12 chapter Alternating Current.

4. How important is the chapter for NEET?

One or two questions may be asked from NCERT chapter Alternating Current for NEET exam.

Also Read

NCERT Class 12 Maths Notes - Download Chapter wise Free PDFs

NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 9 Notes Ray Optics and Optical Instruments - Download PDF

NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 8 Notes Electromagnetic Waves - Download PDF

NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 7 Notes Alternating Current - Download PDF

NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 6 Notes Electromagnetic Induction - Download PDF

NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 5 Notes Magnetism and Matter - Download PDF

NCERT Books for Class 12 - Download All Subjects PDFs Here

NCERT Solutions for Miscellaneous Exercise Chapter 7 Class 12 - Integrals

NCERT Solutions for Exercise 4.1 Class 11 Maths Chapter 4 - Principle of Mathematical Induction

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 Three Dimensional Geometry

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics Solutions Chapter 8 Electromagnetic Waves

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Questions related to CBSE Class 12th

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quartely question paper for mathematics cbse

Hello there! Thanks for reaching out to us at Careers360.

Ah, you're looking for CBSE quarterly question papers for mathematics, right? Those can be super helpful for exam prep.

Unfortunately, CBSE doesn't officially release quarterly papers - they mainly put out sample papers and previous years' board exam papers. But don't worry, there are still some good options to help you practice!

Have you checked out the CBSE sample papers on their official website? Those are usually pretty close to the actual exam format. You could also look into previous years' board exam papers - they're great for getting a feel for the types of questions that might come up.

If you're after more practice material, some textbook publishers release their own mock papers which can be useful too.

Let me know if you need any other tips for your math prep. Good luck with your studies!

Read Complete Answer

Jefferson 25 September,2024

i have taken admission in clg after my campartment exam in chemistry along with the neet 2025 preperation but unfortunately i again got campartment after doing all this preparation i got 15 marks only now I can't able to think what should I do next.

It's understandable to feel disheartened after facing a compartment exam, especially when you've invested significant effort. However, it's important to remember that setbacks are a part of life, and they can be opportunities for growth.

Possible steps:

Re-evaluate Your Study Strategies:
- Identify Weak Areas: Pinpoint the specific topics or concepts that caused difficulties.
- Seek Clarification: Reach out to teachers, tutors, or online resources for additional explanations.
- Practice Regularly: Consistent practice is key to mastering chemistry.
Consider Professional Help:
- Tutoring: A tutor can provide personalized guidance and support.
- Counseling: If you're feeling overwhelmed or unsure about your path, counseling can help.
Explore Alternative Options:
- Retake the Exam: If you're confident in your ability to improve, consider retaking the chemistry compartment exam.
- Change Course: If you're not interested in pursuing chemistry further, explore other academic options that align with your interests.
Focus on NEET 2025 Preparation:
- Stay Dedicated: Continue your NEET preparation with renewed determination.
- Utilize Resources: Make use of study materials, online courses, and mock tests.
Seek Support:
- Talk to Friends and Family: Sharing your feelings can provide comfort and encouragement.
- Join Study Groups: Collaborating with peers can create a supportive learning environment.

Remember: This is a temporary setback. With the right approach and perseverance, you can overcome this challenge and achieve your goals.

I hope this information helps you.

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Kanishka kaushikii 17 September,2024

i scored 84 percent in cbse 2 years ago.Am i eligible for medhavi scholarship if give 12th again after 2 drop years and will got 75+ in mpboard

Hi,

Qualifications:
Age: As of the last registration date, you must be between the ages of 16 and 40.
Qualification: You must have graduated from an accredited board or at least passed the tenth grade. Higher qualifications are also accepted, such as a diploma, postgraduate degree, graduation, or 11th or 12th grade.
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Examine Notification: Examine the comprehensive notification on the scholarship examination.
Sign up to Take the Test: Finish the app's registration process.
Examine: The Medhavi app allows you to take the exam from the comfort of your home.
Get Results: In just two days, the results are made public.
Verification of Documents: Provide the required paperwork and bank account information for validation.
Get Scholarship: Following a successful verification process, the scholarship will be given. You need to have at least passed the 10th grade/matriculation scholarship amount will be transferred directly to your bank account.

Scholarship Details:

Type A: For candidates scoring 60% or above in the exam.

Type B: For candidates scoring between 50% and 60%.

Type C: For candidates scoring between 40% and 50%.

Cash Scholarship:

Scholarships can range from Rs. 2,000 to Rs. 18,000 per month, depending on the marks obtained and the type of scholarship exam (SAKSHAM, SWABHIMAN, SAMADHAN, etc.).

Since you already have a 12th grade qualification with 84%, you meet the qualification criteria and are eligible to apply for the Medhavi Scholarship exam. Make sure to prepare well for the exam to maximize your chances of receiving a higher scholarship.

Hope you find this useful!

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Yuvan 30 August,2024

i upload 12th board result screenshot in ncweb form from the cbse site so it is valid

hello mahima,

If you have uploaded screenshot of your 12th board result taken from CBSE official website,there won,t be a problem with that.If the screenshot that you have uploaded is clear and legible. It should display your name, roll number, marks obtained, and any other relevant details in a readable forma.ALSO, the screenshot clearly show it is from the official CBSE results portal.

hope this helps.

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Ashvadha 12 July,2024

Kya mujhe class 12 ka important question milega jo exam mai per year puche jate hai

Hello Akash,

If you are looking for important questions of class 12th then I would like to suggest you to go with previous year questions of that particular board. You can go with last 5-10 years of PYQs so and after going through all the questions you will have a clear idea about the type and level of questions that are being asked and it will help you to boost your class 12th board preparation.

You can get the Previous Year Questions (PYQs) on the official website of the respective board.

I hope this answer helps you. If you have more queries then feel free to share your questions with us we will be happy to assist you.

Thank you and wishing you all the best for your bright future.

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kumardurgesh1802 10 July,2024

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Central Board of Secondary Education Class 12th Examination

JEE Test Series

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Option 1) $0.34\; J$	Option 2) $0.16\; J$
Option 3) $1.00\; J$	Option 4) $0.67\; J$

Option 1) $2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J$	Option 2) $200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J$
Option 3) $2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J$	Option 4) $20,000 \, \, J - 50,000 \, \, J$

Option 1) $K/2\,$	Option 2) $\; K\;$
Option 3) $zero\;$	Option 4) $K/4$

Option 1) $11.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}$ at STP is produced for every mole $HCL_{(aq)}$ consumed	Option 2) $6L\, HCl_{(aq)}$ is consumed for ever $3L\, H_{2(g)}$ produced
Option 3) $33.6 L\, H_{2(g)}$ is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts	Option 4) $67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}$ at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .

Option 1) 0.02	Option 2) 3.125 × 10^-2
Option 3) 1.25 × 10^-2	Option 4) 2.5 × 10^-2

Option 1) decrease twice	Option 2) increase two fold
Option 3) remain unchanged	Option 4) be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.

Option 1) Molality	Option 2) Weight fraction of solute
Option 3) Fraction of solute present in water	Option 4) Mole fraction.

Option 1) twice that in 60 g carbon	Option 2) 6.023 × 10²²
Option 3) half that in 8 g He	Option 4) 558.5 × 6.023 × 10²³

Option 1) less than 3	Option 2) more than 3 but less than 6
Option 3) more than 6 but less than 9	Option 4) more than 9

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 7 Alternating Current

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 7 – Access and Download Free PDF

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