NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 13 Organisms and Populations
NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology Organisms and Populations - Free PDF Download
Your serach for NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 13 organisms and populations is over now. Ecology is the study of the relationships of living organisms with the abiotic (physicochemical factors) and biotic components (other species) of their environment. Such facts are explained in solutions of NCERT for class 12 biology chapter 13 organisms and populations. You will also study natural selection in this chapter. Natural selection is also an interesting topic and therefore, some questions are expected in the exam as well for which CBSE NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 13 organisms and populations have all the answers. Students can use these NCERT Solutions for Class 12 to prepare for the board exams. Furthermore, you can download these solutions in PDF format for free. It offers solutions in accordance with the NCERT Textbook and the most recent CBSE Syllabus 2022–23.
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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 13 Organisms and Populations: You will also study that through evolutionary changes, natural selection takes place at the population level and hence, population ecology is an important area of ecology. In NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 13 organisms and populations, you will study the fact that populations have attributes that individual organisms do not- birth rates and death rates, sex ratio, and age distribution and also you will find questions related to this. The proportion of males and females of different age groups in a population is graphically presented as age pyramid, and its shape indicates whether a population is stationary or growing or declining. This has been explained in this chapter and if you are looking for the solution of any other class, then NCERT solutions are there for you to help. we have comprehensive answers to every chapter of the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology, which are updated to the CBSE Syllabus 2022–23.
Organism and population NCERT will also tell you about the growth rate, birth rate, death rate, and immigration of the population. So, you must practice each and every question related to this and if you have any doubt or problem in getting the correct answers by your own then, don't worry organism and population NCERT pdf will help you. But don't forget to try at least once, so that you can answer those questions by yourself and then check your answers with the help of solutions for the organism and population NCERT.
Also Read,
NCERT Exemplar for class 12 biology chapter 13 organisms and populations
After going through the solutions given for organism and population ncert in organism and population ncert pdf line by line, you can understand the answer to all questions easily and these are given below:
NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 13 organisms and populations: Solved Exercise Questions
Answer:
If you have to carry a sample from your home to your biology laboratory to demonstrate the presence of microbes with the help of a microscope, you can take curd with you because it consists of numerous lactic acid bacteria.
Answer:
Marine water fishes will not be able to survive in fresh water because marine water fishes are adapted to live in salt water conditions. If they are shifted to freshwater, the process of osmoregulation in them will be affected. Due to the internal high salt condition in fish, the freshwater will come inside the body of fish causing fishes to swell up, ultimately bursting.
Answer:
Some microbes can survive in temperatures as high as because these microbes are adapted to live at high temperatures. These organisms contain enzymes which can work at high temperature. This is why they can be found at thermal vents, hot springs etc. The organisms which are unable to survive high temperatures have enzymes that gats deactivated at high temperatures.
Q4. List the attributes that populations possess but not individual
Answer:
The term population refers to a group of individuals of any species living in a well-defined geographical area, sharing or competing for similar kind of resources and potentially interbreed.
Population Attributes: A population has certain attributes that an individual organism does not have. For example, individuals may have births and deaths, but a population has birth rates and death rates. The various population attributes are as follows:
1. Birth rate (natality)- It is the ratio of live births in an area to the population of an area. It is expressed as the number of individuals added to the population.
2. Death rate(mortality)- It refers to the live deaths in an area to the population of an area. It is expressed as the number of individuals removes from the population.
3. Sex ratio- It is the ratio of the number of male or female individuals per 1000 individuals.
4. Age distribution- A population at a given time is composed of different individuals belonging to different age groups. If the age distribution is plotted for the population, the resulting structure is called age pyramids. The shape of pyramids reflects the growth status of the population.
5. Population density- The number of individuals of a population present per unit area at a given time.
Answer:
Thus, if a population growing exponentially double in size in 3 years, the intrinsic rate of increase (r) of the population will be 0.264.
Q6. Name important defence mechanisms in plants against herbivory.
Answer:
The defence mechanisms in plants against herbivory are as follows:
1. Presence of thorns, spines, prickles and bristles
2. Stinging hirs
3. Hairy coating
4. Harbouring ants e.g. Acacia
5. Sticky glandular hairs e.g. Gnaphalium
6. Chemicals like latex, alkaloids and tannins having a bitter taste, offensive smell, silica and poisonous cardiac glycosides which herbivore animals do not like.
Answer:
An orchid that grows on mango tree represents an interaction called commensalism. In this type of interaction, one species is benefitted while another one remains unaffected. Orchid acts as an epiphyte on the mango tree as it does not derive nutrition from it but uses it for support while mango tree remains unaffected.
Q8. What is the ecological principle behind the biological control method of managing with pest insects?
Answer:
The biological principle involved in the biological control method of managing pest insects is checking their population through predators and parasites. The predators act as biological control by preying upon insect pests.
Q9. Distinguish between the following: (a) Hibernation and Aestivation
Answer:
The differences between hibernation and aestivation are as follows :
Hibernation | Aestivation |
A state of reduction in activity in some organisms to escape winters | A state of reduction in activity in some organisms to escape extreme summers |
E.g. Bears and squirrels | E.g. Fishes and snails |
Q9. (b) Ectotherms and Endotherm
Answer:
The differentiation between ectotherms and endotherms is as follows:
Ectotherms | Endotherms |
These are cold-blooded animals | These are warm-blooded animals |
The change according to the variation in the environment | They maintain a constant internal environment despite the changing environment |
(a) Adaptations of desert plants and animal
Answer:
Plants found in deserts are well adapted to overcome the harsh desert conditions such as water scarcity and scorching heat. Adaptations of desert plants include
1. To reach to underground water, plants have an extensive root system.
2. They bear thick cuticles and sunken stomata on the surface of their leaves to reduce transpiration.
3. In Opuntia, the leaves are entirely modified into spines and photosynthesis is carried out by green stems.
4. A special pathway that is C4 pathway is found to synthesize food. It enables the stomata to remain closed during the day to reduce the loss of water through transpiration.
Animals found in deserts such as desert kangaroo rats, lizards, snakes, etc. are well adapted to their habitat. The kangaroo rat found in the deserts of Arizona never drinks water in its life. It has the ability to concentrate its urine to conserve water.
(b) Adaptations of plants to water scarcity
Answer:
Plants found in desserts are well adapted to cope with water scarcity and scorching heat of the desert. Some of these adaptations are as follows:
1. Plants have an extensive root system to tap underground water.
2. They bear thick cuticles and sunken stomata on the surface of their leaves to reduce transpiration.
3. In Opuntia, the leaves are modified into spines and the process of photosynthesis is carried out by green stems.
4. Desert plants have special pathways to synthesize food, called CAM (C4 pathway). It enables their stomata to remain closed during the day to reduce water loss by transpiration.
(c) Behavioural adaptations in animals
Answer:
Various organisms are affected by various environmental conditions. To overcome these environmental conditions, organisms undergo adaptations such as migration, hibernation, aestivation, etc. The adaptations in the behaviour of an organism are called behavioural adaptations. For example, ectothermic animals and certain endotherms exhibit behavioural adaptations. Ectotherms are cold-blooded animals such as fish, amphibians, reptiles, etc. Their temperature varies with their surroundings. For example, the desert lizard basks in the sun during early hours when the temperature is quite low. However, as the temperature begins to rise, the lizard burrows itself inside the sand to escape the scorching sun. Similar burrowing strategies are exhibited by other desert animals.
(d) Importance of light to plant
Answer:
The ultimate source of energy for plants is sunlight. Plants are autotrophic organisms, which need light in order to perform the process of photosynthesis. Plants need the sun because sunlight is made up of electromagnetic radiations which are given off as energy to the plants. These electromagnetic radiation acts as the key factor in a process that is called photosynthesis. The photons of light energy are received by the chlorophyll molecules and they give off energy in the form of electrons. These electrons are than through a cyclic as well as non-cyclic flow are converted into chemical energy i.e. ATP and NADPH in the process of photosynthesis by which organic substances are formed in plants. Thus, light is a very important factor for plants and for the survival of all the components of Earth.
(e) Effect of temperature or water scarcity and the adaptations of animals
Answer:
Effects of temperature or water scarcity and the adaptations of animals: Temperature is considered to be the most important ecological factor. The average temperature varies from one place to another and these variations in temperature affect the distribution of plants as well as animals on the Earth. There are animals which cannot tolerate a wide range of temperature and these animals are called stenothermal animals. The animals which can tolerate a wide range of temperature are called eurythermal animals. Some animals also undergo adaptations to suit their natural habitats. For example, the animals found in colder areas have shorter ears and limbs in order to prevent the loss of heat from their bodies. Similarly, animals like polar bears have thick layers of fat below their skin and thick coats of fur to prevent the loss of heat in polar regions. Some animals show adaptations like hibernation and aestivation to escape harsh winter and summer conditions respectively in order to respond against the temperature conditions.
Water scarcity is another factor that forces animals to undergo certain adaptations to suit their natural habitat. Adaptations of desert animals are mainly to conserve the water. For example, Animals found in desserts such as desert kangaroo rats, lizards, snakes, etc. are well adapted to their habitat. The kangaroo rat found in the deserts of Arizona never drinks water in its life. It has the ability to concentrate its urine to conserve water.
Q11. List the various abiotic environmental factors.
Answer:
Abiotic environmental factors- These are the non-living conditions present in an ecosystem. The various environmental factors are temperature, light, water, wind, humidity, precipitation, soil, minerals etc.
Q12. Give an example for:
Answer:
Endothermic organisms are those which can regulate their body temperature. Examples of endothermic organisms include birds such as cow, sparrow, pigeons etc and mammals like bears, rats, cows.rabbits etc.
Q12. Give the example for:
Answer:
Ectothermic organisms cannot regulate their body temperature. Examples of ectothermic organisms include sharks, frogs, snakes, lizards, tortoises etc.
Q12. Give an example for:
(c) An organism of benthic zone
Answer:
Benthic zone refers to the floor of a water body. Decomposing bacteria are found in the benthic zone.
Q13. Define population and community
Answer:
Population- A group of individuals belonging to the same species and residing in a particular geographical area at a given period of time is called population. All humans living in a region constitute the population.
Community- A community refers to groups of individuals of different species living in a particular area at a given period of time. Such individuals can not breed with the members of other species.
Q14. Define the following terms and give one example for each
Answer:
Commensalism- It is a kind of population interaction in which one species gets benefitted while the other one remains unaffected. E.g. Orchid growing on trees.
Q14. Define the following terms and give one example for each:
Answer:
Parasitism- It is the interaction wherein one species (parasite) depends on the other species (host) for food and shelter. This is a kind of negative interaction as parasite gets benefitted but the host is harmed.
E.g . Taenia solium living in the intestine of human
Q14. Define the following terms and give one example for each:
Answer:
Camouflage- This is an adaptive strategy adapted by prey species to escape the predators. For example, many species of frogs and insects camouflage in their surroundings and escape their predators.
Q14. Define the following terms and give one example for each:
Answer:
Mutualism: The symbiotic relationship between two species in which both species are benefited is called mutualism. For example, lichens show a mutual symbiotic relationship between fungi and blue-green algae, where both are equally benefited from each other.
Q14. Define the following terms and give one example for each :
Answer:
Interspecific competition: In this interaction, both species (different) get negatively affected. For example, the competition between flamingoes and resident fishes in South American lakes for common food resources i.e., zooplankton.
Q15. With the help of suitable diagram describe the logistic population growth curve.
Answer:
Logistic population growth curve
The growth of a population takes place according to the availability of food, presence of predators and parasites, presence of other biotic and abiotic factors affecting a population and other conditions in a particular environment. There are two main types of models i.e. exponential growth model and the logistic growth model.
The logistic growth curve represents the logistic growth model. It represents growth when there is a competition between the individuals of a population for food and space. In this case, the fittest organism survives, reproduces and population growth is seen. In this type of growth, initially, a lag phase is shown which is followed by phases of acceleration and de-acceleration. The different phases of the logistic growth curve are:
1. Lag phase- In this phase, no growth is seen due to the absence of food and other resources.
2. Positive acceleration phase- Limited growth in population is seen as the resources become available.
3. Exponential growth phase- The population grows suddenly and show very rapid growth. The curve rises steeply.
4. Negative acceleration phase- In this phase, environmental resistance increases and growth rate of the population decreases.
5. Stationary phase- In this phase, the growth becomes stationary and becomes stable. The population is said to have reached the carrying capacity of the habitat.
A diagrammatic representation of Population growth curves is given below. The curve a represents exponential growth and curve b represents logistic growth
The equation of the logistic growth curve is as follows:
Where N = Population density at time t
R = Intrinsic rate of natural increase
K = Carrying capacity
Since resources for growth for populations are finite and become limiting, the logistic growth model is considered a more realistic one.
Q16. Select the statement which explains best parasitism.
(a) One organism is benefited.
(b) Both the organisms are benefited.
(c) One organism is benefited, other is not affected.
(d) One organism is benefited, other is affected.
Answer:
(d) One organism is benefited, other is affected.
In parasitism, one organism lives on the body of another. In this interaction, the parasite gets benefitted while the host is negatively affected.
Q17. List any three important characteristics of a population and explain
Answer:
The term population refers to a group of individuals of any species living in a well-defined geographical area, sharing or competing for similar kind of resources and potentially interbreed. Some characteristics of the population are as follows:
1. Birth rate (natality)- It is the ratio of live births in an area to the population of an area. It is expressed as the number of individuals added to the population.
2. Death rate(mortality)- It refers to the live deaths in an area to the population of an area. It is expressed as the number of individuals removes from the population.
3. Sex ratio- It is the ratio of the number of male or female individuals per 1000 individuals.
4. Age distribution- A population at a given time is composed of different individuals belonging to different age groups. If the age distribution is plotted for the population, the resulting structure is called age pyramids. The shape of pyramids reflects the growth status of the population.
5. Population density- The number of individuals of a population present per unit area at a given time.
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 13 – Organisms and Population
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 13 – Organisms and Population is classified under Unit – Ecology and is included in the CBSE Syllabus for the academic session 2022-23. According to previous trends, the unit as a whole receives 14 marks. Thus, in order to easily achieve the 14 marks and deal with any type of question, students must thoroughly review the NCERT Solutions from these chapters.
Also, try to attempt all the given questions in organism and population NCERT, and if still confused or in case, you have any doubt then refer to organism and population ncert solutions. For example, the answer for the question, "what are allopatric species" is A species inhabiting different geographical areas is known as allopatric species. There you will get all the answers to those questions which are mentioned in this chapter and it will help you to score good marks not only in the board exam even in other competitive exams too.
Important Topics of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 13 Organisms and Populations:
13.1 Organism and Its Environment
13.1.1 Major Abiotic Factors
13.1.2 Responses to Abiotic Factors
13.1.3 Adaptations
13.2 Populations
13.2.1 Population Attributes
13.2.2 Population Growth
13.2.3 Life History Variation
13.2.4 Population Interactions
Dropped Topics –
13.1 Organism and Its Environment,
13.1.1 Major Abiotic Factors,
13.1.2 Responses to Abiotic Factors,
13.1.3 Adaptations Summary (para 2)
Ques. 1, 2, 3, 9, 10, 11, 12.
If you have any doubt or unable to answer by yourself then, organism and population ncert solutions are there for you to help you out.
Highlights of NCERT Solutions Class 12 Biology Chapter 13 – Organisms and Population
Class 12 biology chapter 13 NCERT solutions Key features are given below:
- Chapter 13 biology class 12 NCERT solutions are written in the best possible way using simple language that makes solutions easier to read and understand
- In the organism and population class 12 pdf, points are used to frame answers to help understand quickly.
- Class 12 biology chapter 13 NCERT solutions content is derived from the textbook by the subject expert.
- Solutions for chapter 13 biology class 12 are as per the latest CBSE Syllabus and guidelines.
- Organism and population class 12 pdf links are readily available and easily accessible for free.
- Important topics are listed in the organism and population question and answer.
- organisms and populations class 12 NCERT will also help you to prepare for your competitive exams like NEET.
- organism and population class 12 NCERT solution will also help you in your 12th board exam.
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Solutions
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions |
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Mathematics Solutions |
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions |
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics Solutions |
Also Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here:
- NCERT Books Class 12 Biology
- NCERT Syllabus Class 12 Biology
- NCERT Books Class 12
- NCERT Syllabus Class 12
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology- Chapter wise
Chapter 1 | Reproduction in organisms |
Chapter 2 | Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants |
Chapter 3 | Human Reproduction |
Chapter 4 | Reproductive Health |
Chapter 5 | Principles of Inheritance and Variation |
Chapter 6 | Molecular basis of inheritance |
Chapter 7 | Evolution |
Chapter 8 | Human Health and Disease |
Chapter 9 | Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production |
Chapter 10 | Microbes in Human Welfare |
Chapter 11 | Biotechnology: Principles and Processes |
Chapter 12 | Biotechnology and its Applications |
Chapter 13 | Organisms and Populations |
Chapter 14 | Ecosystem |
Chapter 15 | Biodiversity and Conservation |
Chapter 16 | Environmental Issues |
NCERT Solutions for Class 12- Subject wise
NCERT solutions for Class 12 Maths |
NCERT solutions for Class 12 Chemistry |
NCERT solutions for Class 12 Biology |
NCERT solutions for Class 12 Physics |
Frequently Asked Question (FAQs) - NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 13 Organisms and Populations
Question: Explain the concept of hibernation covered in Chapter 13 of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology.
Answer:
Hibernation is the state in which animals slow down their metabolic activities in order to go dormant during the winter. Fish, amphibians, and reptiles all exhibit this. These animals consume a lot of food and store it as extra fat in order to combat the issue of food scarcity during hibernation. During sleep, this is provided in the form of energy. To understand the key ideas, students of Class 12 are encouraged to consult NCERT Solutions. The main goal of the solutions is to aid students in their board exam preparation. The step-by-step explanations in plain language give students more confidence to take the board exam without being intimidated.
Question: Why you should use NCERT solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 13?
Answer:
- NCERT is the base of your learning.
- You will get all the answers to this chapter in organism and population ncert pdf and it will help you to score good marks in the exam.
- By solving these exercises, one can be thorough in all the concepts present in NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 13
- This will also help you with competitive exams like NEET.
- CBSE NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 13 organisms and populations will also help you in your 12th board exam.
- Organism and population ncert will also boost your knowledge.
- To score well in the examination, follow the NCERT syllabus and solve the exercise given in the NCERT Book. To practice more problems, students must refer to NCERT Exemplar.
Question: What are the difference between ectotherms and endotherms?
Answer:
The differentiation between ectotherms and endotherms is given below:
Ectotherms | Endotherms |
These are cold-blooded animals | These are warm-blooded animals |
The change according to the variation in the environment | They maintain a constant internal environment despite the changing environment |
Question: What are different attributes of population given in the organism and population ncert? Explain them.
Answer:
Population Attributes:
- Birth rate (natality)- It is the ratio of live births in an area to the population of an area. It is expressed as the number of individuals added to the population.
- Death rate(mortality)- It refers to the live deaths in an area to the population of an area. It is expressed as the number of individuals removes from the population.
- Sex ratio- It is the ratio of the number of male or female individuals per 1000 individuals.
- Age distribution- A population at a given time is composed of different individuals belonging to different age groups. If the age distribution is plotted for the population, the resulting structure is called age pyramids. The shape of pyramids reflects the growth status of the population.
- Population density- The number of individuals of a population present per unit area at a given time.
Question: What are the important topics of organism and population NCERT?
Answer:
The important topics of organism and population ncert are:
- Organism and Its Environment
- Major Abiotic Factors
- Responses to Abiotic Factors
- Adaptations
- Populations
- Population Attributes
- Population Growth
- Life History Variation
- Population Interactions
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Questions related to CBSE Class 12th
i couldnt clear 1st compartment (which held in August 2022) cbse class 12th so can I give improvement in all subjects which to be held on March 2023. tell me a solution i need more than 75% in class 12th
hello,
Yes you can appear for the compartment paper again since CBSE gives three chances to a candidate to clear his/her exams so you still have two more attempts. However, you can appear for your improvement paper for all subjects but you cannot appear for the ones in which you have failed.
I hope this was helpful!
Good Luck
i was not able to clear 1st compartment and now I have to give 2nd compartment so can I give improvement exam next year? plz tell me very much tensed(cbse class 12th)
Hello dear,
If you was not able to clear 1st compartment and now you giving second compartment so YES, you can go for your improvement exam next year but if a student receives an improvement, they are given the opportunity to retake the boards as a private candidate the following year, but there are some requirements. First, the student must pass all of their subjects; if they received a compartment in any subject, they must then pass the compartment exam before being eligible for the improvement.
As you can registered yourself as private candidate for giving your improvement exam of 12 standard CBSE(Central Board of Secondary Education).For that you have to wait for a whole year which is bit difficult for you.
Positive side of waiting for whole year is you have a whole year to preparing yourself for your examination. You have no distraction or something which may causes your failure in the exams. In whole year you have to stay focused on your 12 standard examination for doing well in it. By this you get a highest marks as a comparison of others.
Believe in Yourself! You can make anything happen
All the very best.
if i am giving improvement in one subject this year, will i be able to give improvement in more subjects next year?
Hello Student,
I appreciate your Interest in education. See the improvement is not restricted to one subject or multiple subjects and we cannot say if improvement in one subject in one year leads to improvement in more subjects in coming year.
You just need to have a revision of all subjects what you have completed in the school. have a revision and practice of subjects and concepts helps you better.
All the best.
I got an RT for 2 subjects, so do I have to give exams for all the subjects in the coming year or just the 2. pls help me
Hi,
You just need to give the exams for the concerned two subjects in which you have got RT. There is no need to give exam for all of your subjects, you can just fill the form for the two subjects only.
I will have my boards in Feb 2023 (Class 12) and I still havent completed 1 chapter in any subject (Physics, chemistry and maths) , My 11th concepts are not that great but its okish, I wanted to know that If I do start studying from 15th of August Can I get above 85?
If you'll do hard work then by hard work of 6 months you can achieve your goal but you have to start studying for it dont waste your time its a very important year so please dont waste it otherwise you'll regret.