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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology and its Applications

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology and its Applications

Edited By Irshad Anwar | Updated on Jul 31, 2025 05:41 PM IST | #CBSE Class 12th

The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology and Its Applications teaches students about the various applications of biotechnology in agriculture, medicine, and industry. This chapter also explains topics such as genetically modified organisms (GMOs), gene therapy, biopesticides, and biofertilizers. It discusses how biotechnology can be used to improve crop yield, produce vaccines, and address issues of waste and pollution. The NCERT solutions explain the chapter very easily with a proper explanation of difficult concepts, which is beneficial for the students.

This Story also Contains
  1. NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology Chapter 10
  2. Access Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Solutions (Exercise Questions)
  3. Approach to Solve Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Question Answer
  4. Important Question from Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Solutions
  5. What Extra Should Students Study Beyond the NCERT for NEET?
  6. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter-wise
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology and its Applications
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology and its Applications

The Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Solutions help students understand how biotechnology is used in their day-to-day lives. Going through the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Biology helps students understand all the applications and processes easily without any confusion. All the answers are provided in a simple manner that prepares students for further studies as well as for real-life applications. They can also download the Class 12 Biotechnology and Its Applications NCERT PDF for proper guidance during exams.

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NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Biology Chapter 10

Students can download the complete questions with detailed answers in a PDF of the Biotechnology and its applications chapter for better learning. The NCERT Solutions for class 12 is a valuable resource for students to score well in their exams.

Download PDF

Access Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Solutions (Exercise Questions)

The detailed answers to all the questions in this chapter are given below. Through regular practice of Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 question answer, students can understand the important concepts related to biotechnology.

Ques 1: Which part of the plant is best suited for making virus-free plants, and why?

Ans: Meristematic tissue (e.g., shoot apical meristem) is most appropriate for the production of virus-free plants since it is generally free from viral infections. This is because viruses find it difficult to reach actively dividing cells in the meristem.

Ques 2: What is the major advantage of producing plants by micropropagation?

Ans: Micropropagation enables one to produce large numbers of genetically uniform plants rapidly. It can be applied for the propagation of disease-free plants and the conservation of rare or endangered species.

Ques 3: Find out what the various components of the medium used for propagation of an explant in vitro are.

Ans: The medium used for in vitro propagation includes nutrients like sucrose (source of energy), minerals (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), vitamins, plant growth regulators (auxins and cytokinins), and agar (gelling agent).

Ques 4: Crystals of Bt toxin produced by some bacteria do not kill the bacteria themselves because-

(a) Bacteria are resistant to the toxin

(b) The toxin is immature

(c) Toxin is inactive

(d) Bacteria enclose toxins in a special sac.

Ans: Bt toxin crystals formed in bacteria do not kill the bacteria because the toxin is inactive. The Bt toxin is in an inactive state inside the bacteria and is only activated when it is ingested by insects, where it is activated by the alkaline pH of the insect gut.

Hence, the correct answer is (c) Toxin is inactive

Ques 5: What are transgenic bacteria? Illustrate using any one example.

Ans: Transgenic bacteria are those whose genomes have been altered by recombinant DNA technology to include foreign genes. A good example is transgenic E. coli, which has been genetically modified to produce human insulin by the introduction of DNA sequences encoding the A and B chains of insulin, thus allowing it to synthesise insulin for the treatment of diabetes.

Transgenic bacteria

Ques 6: Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of the production of genetically modified crops.

Ans: The following table shows the advantages and disadvantages of GM crops:

Advantages

Disadvantages

Increased productivity and yield

Potential risk to wild species due to transgenes

Enhanced nutritional quality (e.g., golden rice)

Possible allergenicity and transfer of antibiotic resistance markers

Insect pest resistance reduces chemical pesticide use

Environmental concerns regarding genetic contamination

Tolerance to abiotic stresses (drought, salinity)

Impact on biodiversity and ecosystem balance

Reduced post-harvest losses


Ques 7: What are Cry proteins? Name an organism that produces it. How has man exploited this protein to his benefit?

Ans: Cry proteins are insecticidal proteins carried by the cry genes, which are produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). They are toxic to many insect larvae, especially those belonging to the order Lepidoptera. Humans have utilised Cry proteins by transferring the cry genes into genetically modified crops like Bt cotton and Bt brinjal, rendering them resistant to certain insect pests.

Ques 8: What is gene therapy? Illustrate using the example of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.

Ans: Gene therapy includes methods to fix or substitute faulty genes that cause disease occurrence. ADA deficiency, for example, is a result of a mutation in the gene for the adenosine deaminase enzyme. In one important case, a 4-year-old patient received gene therapy in which his lymphocytes were grown, a viable ADA cDNA was introduced with a retroviral vector, and afterwards, these converted cells were administered back into the patient's circulation. The diagram given below illustrates gene therapy for Adenosine deaminase deficiency.

gene therapy

Ques 9: Diagrammatically represent the experimental steps in cloning and expressing a human gene (say the gene for growth hormone) into a bacterium like E. coli.

Ans: Below is the diagram to represent the steps in DNA cloning.

A diagrammatic representation of the steps in DNA cloning

DNA Cloning

Ques 10: Can you suggest a method to remove oil (hydrocarbon) from seeds based on your understanding of rDNA technology and the chemistry of oil?

Ans: By recombinant DNA technology, it is possible to silence genes involved in the synthesis of glycerol and fatty acids in seeds, thereby lowering or even abolishing oil content (hydrocarbons). This is possible through methods like RNA interference (RNAi).

Ques 11: Find out from the internet what golden rice is.

Ans: Golden rice is a genetically modified rice variety engineered to synthesise beta-carotene, the precursor of vitamin A, in its endosperm instead of merely in its leaves. This was achieved by introducing two genes: psy from daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) and crtI from the bacterium Erwinia uredovora, both driven by endosperm-specific promoters.

Ques 12: Do our blood has proteases and nucleases?

Ans: Blood has no proteases or nucleases; rather, it has protease inhibitors that safeguard proteins from breakdown by proteases when circulating.

Ques 13: Consult the internet and find out how to make orally active protein pharmaceuticals. What is the major problem to be encountered?

Ans: To prepare orally active protein drugs, proteins or peptides are encapsulated in liposomes along with penetration enhancers for oral administration. The principal difficulty encountered is that the proteins can be hydrolysed by the proteases of the stomach before exerting their therapeutic action, which requires alternative routes of administration directly to target locations.

Also, check the NCERT Books and the NCERT Syllabus here:

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Approach to Solve Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Question Answer

To solve the textbook questions effectively, one needs to understand the concepts first. The chapter has important terms, such as GM crops, genetically engineered insulin, and transgenic animals. To understand these terms and their definitions clearly, students can refer to the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology and its Applications. Making notes of the chapter is important, highlighting all the important key points. Class 12 Biotechnology and its Applications NCERT PDF includes all the solved exercise questions, with to-the-point answers and necessary information. Therefore, one should practice these solutions to have an overall idea of the chapter and to answer the questions in the exams.

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Solutions

NEET Highest Scoring Chapters & Topics
Most Scoring concepts For NEET (Based On Previous Year Analysis)
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Important Question from Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Solutions

Given below is an important question from this chapter, which helps students understand how questions are framed in the exam. For more such questions, students can refer to the Biotechnology and Its Applications Class 12 NCERT Solutions.

Question 1: Which of the following steps are catalysed by Taq DNA polymerase in a PCR reaction?

  1. Denaturation of template DNA

  2. Annealing of primers to template DNA

  3. Extension of the primer end on the template DNA

  4. All of the above

Answer:

The extension of the primer end on the template DNA occurs during DNA replication or PCR amplification. Once the primer binds to the template strand, DNA polymerase extends the primer by adding complementary nucleotides to the growing strand. This process occurs in the 5' to 3' direction, with the polymerase synthesising the new strand based on the template sequence. The extension continues until the entire segment of DNA has been replicated or amplified.

Hence, the correct answer is option (3) Extension of the primer end on the template DNA

NCERT Solutions for Class 12- Subject-wise

What Extra Should Students Study Beyond the NCERT for NEET?

Provided below is a table that includes all the topics that students have to study beyond the NCERT for the NEET exam. To gain clarity on the topics, students can refer to the Biotechnology and Its Applications Class 12 NCERT Solutions. This includes all topics in a detailed manner.

Concepts

NCERT

NEET

Biotechnology & Its Principles

✅

✅

Tools of Biotechnology: Restriction Endonucleases

✅

✅

Functioning of Restriction Endonucleases

✅

✅

Gel Electrophoresis

✅

✅

Tools of Biotechnology: Cloning Vectors & Their Types

✅

✅

Features required to facilitate cloning into a vector

✅

✅

pBR322 Plasmid Vector & Mode of Selection of Transformants

✅

✅

Vectors for cloning genes in plants and animals

✅

✅

Competent Host (For Transformation with Recombinant DNA)

✅

✅

Direct or Vectorless Methods of Gene Transfer

✅

✅

Polymerase Chain Reaction

✅

✅

Processes of rDNA Technology

✅

✅

Isolation of DNA & Cutting of DNA at Specific Locations

✅

✅

Cloning of DNA & Insertion of Recombinant DNA into the Host Cell/Organism

✅

✅

Obtaining the Foreign Gene Product

✅

✅

Bioreactors

✅

✅

Downstream Processing

✅

✅

Purpose of Biotechnology

✅

✅

Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture

✅

✅

Insect - Resistant transgenic Plant - Bt Cotton

✅

✅

Pest - Resistant transgenic Plant Using RNAi

✅

✅

Biotechnological Application in Medicines - Genetically Engineered Insulin

✅

✅

Gene Therapy - ADA Deficiency Treatment

✅

✅

Molecular Diagnosis

✅

✅

Transgenic Animals

✅

✅

DNA Fingerprinting

✅

✅

Ethical Issues & Biopiracy

✅

✅

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter-wise

Below are the chapter-wise solutions:

NCERT solutions for Class 12 Biology chapter 1 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

NCERT solutions for Class 12 Biology chapter 2 Human Reproduction

NCERT solutions for Class 12 Biology chapter 3 Reproductive Health

NCERT solutions for Class 12 Biology chapter 4 Principles of Inheritance and Variation

NCERT solutions for Class 12 Biology chapter 5 Molecular basis of inheritance

NCERT solutions for Class 12 Biology chapter 6 Evolution

NCERT solutions for Class 12 Biology chapter 7 Human health and disease

NCERT solutions for Class 12 Biology chapter 8 Microbes in Human Welfare

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 9 Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10: Biotechnology and Its Application

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Organisms and Populations

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 12 Ecosystem

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 13 Biodiversity and Conservation


Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What are the key topics covered in NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10?

The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology and its Applications covers topics like biotechnological applications in agriculture and medicine, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), gene therapy, RNA interference (RNAi), transgenic animals, bioethics, biopatents, and the Human Genome Project.

2. How does biotechnology help in agriculture and healthcare?

In agriculture, biotechnology helps develop pest-resistant crops (Bt cotton), biofertilizers, and high-yield varieties. In healthcare, it enables gene therapy, vaccine production, and recombinant medicines like insulin. Students can practice the Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 question answer to gain more clarity.

3. What is gene therapy, and how is it explained in NCERT Biology?

Gene therapy is a technique used to treat genetic disorders by introducing functional genes into a patient’s cells. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology and its Applications explains it using ADA deficiency, where a healthy ADA gene is inserted into immune cells to restore function.

4. What is Bt cotton, and why is it important in biotechnology?

Bt cotton is a genetically modified crop containing Cry genes from Bacillus thuringiensis, which produce insecticidal proteins. It protects crops from bollworm infestations, reducing pesticide use and increasing yield.

5. What role does biotechnology play in environmental protection?

Biotechnology helps in bioremediation (using microbes to clean pollutants), waste management, and developing biodegradable plastics. It also aids in controlling oil spills and reducing industrial waste. Students can refer to the Biotechnology and Its Applications Class 12 NCERT Solutions for a more detailed explanation.

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Questions related to CBSE Class 12th

Have a question related to CBSE Class 12th ?
Can I change my board from CBSE to CHSE Odisha in Class 12th?

Changing from the CBSE board to the Odisha CHSE in Class 12 is generally difficult and often not ideal due to differences in syllabi and examination structures. Most boards, including Odisha CHSE , do not recommend switching in the final year of schooling. It is crucial to consult both CBSE and Odisha CHSE authorities for specific policies, but making such a change earlier is advisable to prevent academic complications.

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Manasvini Gupta 30 January,2025
quartely question paper for mathematics cbse

Hello there! Thanks for reaching out to us at Careers360.

Ah, you're looking for CBSE quarterly question papers for mathematics, right? Those can be super helpful for exam prep.

Unfortunately, CBSE doesn't officially release quarterly papers - they mainly put out sample papers and previous years' board exam papers. But don't worry, there are still some good options to help you practice!

Have you checked out the CBSE sample papers on their official website? Those are usually pretty close to the actual exam format. You could also look into previous years' board exam papers - they're great for getting a feel for the types of questions that might come up.

If you're after more practice material, some textbook publishers release their own mock papers which can be useful too.

Let me know if you need any other tips for your math prep. Good luck with your studies!

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Jefferson 25 September,2024
i have taken admission in clg after my campartment exam in chemistry along with the neet 2025 preperation but unfortunately i again got campartment after doing all this preparation i got 15 marks only now I can't able to think what should I do next.

It's understandable to feel disheartened after facing a compartment exam, especially when you've invested significant effort. However, it's important to remember that setbacks are a part of life, and they can be opportunities for growth.

Possible steps:

  1. Re-evaluate Your Study Strategies:

    • Identify Weak Areas: Pinpoint the specific topics or concepts that caused difficulties.
    • Seek Clarification: Reach out to teachers, tutors, or online resources for additional explanations.
    • Practice Regularly: Consistent practice is key to mastering chemistry.

  2. Consider Professional Help:

    • Tutoring: A tutor can provide personalized guidance and support.
    • Counseling: If you're feeling overwhelmed or unsure about your path, counseling can help.

  3. Explore Alternative Options:

    • Retake the Exam: If you're confident in your ability to improve, consider retaking the chemistry compartment exam.
    • Change Course: If you're not interested in pursuing chemistry further, explore other academic options that align with your interests.

  4. Focus on NEET 2025 Preparation:

    • Stay Dedicated: Continue your NEET preparation with renewed determination.
    • Utilize Resources: Make use of study materials, online courses, and mock tests.

  5. Seek Support:

    • Talk to Friends and Family: Sharing your feelings can provide comfort and encouragement.
    • Join Study Groups: Collaborating with peers can create a supportive learning environment.

Remember: This is a temporary setback. With the right approach and perseverance, you can overcome this challenge and achieve your goals.

I hope this information helps you.







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Kanishka kaushikii 17 September,2024
i scored 84 percent in cbse 2 years ago.Am i eligible for medhavi scholarship if give 12th again after 2 drop years and will got 75+ in mpboard

Hi,

Qualifications:
Age: As of the last registration date, you must be between the ages of 16 and 40.
Qualification: You must have graduated from an accredited board or at least passed the tenth grade. Higher qualifications are also accepted, such as a diploma, postgraduate degree, graduation, or 11th or 12th grade.
How to Apply:
Get the Medhavi app by visiting the Google Play Store.
Register: In the app, create an account.
Examine Notification: Examine the comprehensive notification on the scholarship examination.
Sign up to Take the Test: Finish the app's registration process.
Examine: The Medhavi app allows you to take the exam from the comfort of your home.
Get Results: In just two days, the results are made public.
Verification of Documents: Provide the required paperwork and bank account information for validation.
Get Scholarship: Following a successful verification process, the scholarship will be given. You need to have at least passed the 10th grade/matriculation scholarship amount will be transferred directly to your bank account.

Scholarship Details:

Type A: For candidates scoring 60% or above in the exam.

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Cash Scholarship:

Scholarships can range from Rs. 2,000 to Rs. 18,000 per month, depending on the marks obtained and the type of scholarship exam (SAKSHAM, SWABHIMAN, SAMADHAN, etc.).

Since you already have a 12th grade qualification with 84%, you meet the qualification criteria and are eligible to apply for the Medhavi Scholarship exam. Make sure to prepare well for the exam to maximize your chances of receiving a higher scholarship.

Hope you find this useful!

Read Complete Answer
Yuvan 30 August,2024
i upload 12th board result screenshot in ncweb form from the cbse site so it is valid

hello mahima,

If you have uploaded screenshot of your 12th board result taken from CBSE official website,there won,t be a problem with that.If the screenshot that you have uploaded is clear and legible. It should display your name, roll number, marks obtained, and any other relevant details in a readable forma.ALSO, the screenshot clearly show it is from the official CBSE results portal.

hope this helps.

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Ashvadha 12 July,2024
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Popular CBSE Class 12th Questions

A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is

Option 1)

0.34\; J

 Option 2)

0.16\; J
Option 3)

1.00\; J

 Option 4)

0.67\; J
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A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times.  Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated.  How much fat will he use up considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up ?  Fat supplies 3.8×107 J of energy per kg which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate.  Take g = 9.8 ms−2 :

Option 1)

2.45×10−3 kg

 Option 2)

 6.45×10−3 kg
Option 3)

 9.89×10−3 kg

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An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range

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Option 3)

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A particle is projected at 600   to the horizontal with a kinetic energy K. The kinetic energy at the highest point

Option 1)

K/2\,

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In the reaction,

2Al_{(s)}+6HCL_{(aq)}\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}\, _{(aq)}+6Cl^{-}\, _{(aq)}+3H_{2(g)}

Option 1)

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6L\, HCl_{(aq)}  is consumed for ever 3L\, H_{2(g)}      produced
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33.6 L\, H_{2(g)} is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts

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67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)} at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .
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0.02

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3.125 × 10-2
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1.25 × 10-2

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2.5 × 10-2
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If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12, mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative atomic mass unit, the mass of one mole of a substance will

Option 1)

decrease twice

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remain unchanged

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Option 1)

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less than 3

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