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    NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions Chapter 5 Periodic Classification Of Elements

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    NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions Chapter 5 Periodic Classification Of Elements

    Edited By Sumit Saini | Updated on Sep 09, 2022 02:02 PM IST | #CBSE Class 10th

    Periodic Classification of Elements NCERT exemplar Class 10 Science solutions chapter 5 discusses the periodic table and its historical development. This chapter describes how the periodic table is classified. Our experienced subject matter experts have carefully prepared the NCERT exemplar Class 10 Science chapter 5 solutions to present exact and relevant responses to the students while practicing NCERT Class 10 Science questions. These NCERT exemplar Class 10 Science chapter 5 solutions develop a better understanding of the periodic classification of elements they are comprehensive in nature. The NCERT exemplar Class 10 Science solutions chapter 5 covers all the aspects within the CBSE syllabus for Class 10 chapter 5.

    Also read - NCERT Solutions for Class 10

    NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions Chapter 5-MCQ

    Question:1

    Upto which element, the Law of Octaves was found to be applicable
    (a) Oxygen
    (b) Calcium
    (c) Cobalt
    (d) Potassium
    Ans. (b)
    Newlands octave rule was applicable only to lighter elements up to 40u therefore Newland Octave’s rules are applicable only up to calcium. After calcium, each eighth element doesn't have properties like that of the first.

    Question:2

    According to Mendeleev's Periodic Law, the elements were arranged in the periodic table in the order of:
    (a) increasing atomic number
    (b) decreasing atomic number
    (c) increasing atomic masses
    (d) decreasing atomic masses
    Ans.(c)
    Mendeleev realized that the chemical and physical properties of elements were related to their atomic mass in a 'periodic'
    way, and arranged them so that groups of elements with similar properties fell into vertical columns in his table.
    So, according to Mendeleev’s periodic table elements are arranged according to atomic mass.

    Question:3

    In Mendeleev ’s Periodic Table, gaps were left for the elements to be discovered later. Which of the following elements found a place in the periodic table later
    (a) Germanium
    (b) Chlorine
    (c) Oxygen
    (d) Silicon
    Ans (a)
    Chlorine, oxygen and silicon were already included in Mendeleev's periodic table.
    Eka-Silicon -- Germanium
    Eka-aluminum -- Gallium
    were the elements that are left by Mendeleev in his periodic table.

    Question:4

    Which of the following statement (s) about the Modern Periodic Table are incorrect
    (i) The elements in the Modern Periodic Table are arranged on the basis of their decreasing atomic number
    (ii) The elements in the Modern Periodic Table are arranged on the basis of their increasing atomic masses
    (iii) Isotopes are placed in adjoining group (s) in the Periodic Table
    (iv) The elements in the Modern Periodic Table are arranged on the basis of their increasing atomic number

    (a) (i) only
    (b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
    (c) (i), (ii) and (iv)
    (d) (iv) only

    Ans.(b)
    (i) The elements in the Modern Periodic Table are arranged on the basis of their decreasing atomic number – Incorrect as the elements in periodic table are arranged according to increasing atomic number.
    (ii) The elements in the Modern Periodic Table are arranged on the basis of their increasing atomic masses – Incorrect as atomic mass was the criteria for Mendeleev’s periodic table.
    (iii) Isotopes are placed in adjoining group (s) in the Periodic Table – Incorrect as isotopes have same electronic configuration and thus they are placed in the same group.
    (iv) The elements in the Modern Periodic Table are arranged on the basis of their increasing atomic number – Correct.
    Hence option (b) is correct.

    Question:5

    Which of the following statements about the Modern Periodic Table is correct:
    (a) It has 18 horizontal rows known as Periods
    (b) It has 7 vertical columns known as Periods
    (c) It has 18 vertical columns known as Groups
    (d) It has 7 horizontal rows known as Groups
    Ans (c)
    According to Modern Periodic Table:
    18 – Vertical Columns – known as Groups
    7 - Horizontal Rows – known as Periods
    Hence option (c) is correct.

    Question:6

    Which of the given elements A, B, C, D and E with atomic number 2, 3, 7, 10 and 30 respectively belong to the same period?
    (a) A, B, C
    (b) B, C, D
    (c) A, D, E
    (d) B, D, E
    Ans(b)
    First period – 2 elements – Atomic number 1-2
    Second period – 8 elements – Atomic number 3-10
    Third period – 8 elements – Atomic number 11-18
    Fourth period – 16 elements – Atomic number 19-36
    So, 2nd Period has elements with atomic number 3 to 10
    Hence option (b) is correct.

    Question:7

    The elements A, B, C, D and E have atomic number 9, 11, 17, 12 and 13 respectively. Which pair of elements belong to the same group?
    (a) A and B
    (b) B and D
    (c) A and C
    (d) D and E
    Ans (c)
    Electronic configuration of A (atomic number 9): 2,7
    Electronic configuration of B (atomic number 11): 2,8,1
    Electronic configuration of C (atomic number 17): 2,8,7
    Electronic configuration of D (atomic number 12): 2,8,2
    Electronic configuration of E (atomic number 13): 2,8,3
    Elements having same number of electrons in the outer most shell belong to same group therefore A and C belong to same group
    Hence option (c) is correct.

    Question:8

    Where would you locate the element with electronic configuration 2,8 in the Modern Periodic Table?
    (a) Group 8
    (b) Group 2
    (c) Group 18
    (d) Group 10
    Ans (c)
    Electronic configuration 2, 8 means a complete octet. So the element is a noble gas.
    Element which has 8 electrons in the outer most shell belong to 18th group.
    Hence option (c) is correct.

    Question:9

    An element which is an essential constituent of all organic compounds belongs to
    (a) group 1
    (b) group 14
    (c) group 15
    (d) group 16
    Ans (b)
    Carbon is the essential constituent of all organic compounds.
    Carbon belongs to the 14th group.
    Hence option (b) is correct.

    Question:10

    Which of the following is the outermost shell for elements of period 2?
    (a) K shell
    (b) L shell
    (c) M shell
    (d) N shell
    Ans (b)
    Second period means elements having two valence shells
    So, elements of period 2 has L as the outer most shell.
    Hence option (b) is correct.

    Question:11

    Which one of the following elements exhibit maximum number of valence electrons?
    (a) Na
    (b) Al
    (c) Si
    (d) P
    Ans (d)
    Na – Group 1 – 1 valence electron
    Al – Group 13 – 3 valence electrons
    Si – Group 14 – 4 valence electrons
    P – Group 15 – 5 valence electrons
    Hence option (d) is correct.

    Question:12

    Which of the following gives the correct increasing order of the atomic radii of O, F and N ?
    (a) O, F, N
    (b) N, F, O
    (c) O, N, F
    (d) F, O, N
    Ans (d)
    Along a period from left to right - Number of protons increases and valence shell remains the same.
    Hence radius of the atom decreases.
    Correct increasing order of the atomic radii of O, F and N:
    F , O , N
    Hence option (d) is correct.

    Question:13

    Which among the following elements has the largest atomic radii?
    (a) Na
    (b) Mg
    (c) K
    (d) Ca
    Ans (c)
    Atomic radius increases when we move from top to bottom along a group and it decreases when it moves from left to right along a period.
    So Potassium has the highest radius as it is left on the periodic table and also at the bottom of a group compared to all the elements in the same group.
    Simultaneously it belongs to alkali metals which are highly electropositive and gain inert gas configuration by losing an electron.
    Hence option (c) is correct

    Question:14

    Which of the following elements would lose an electron easily?
    (a) Mg
    (b) Na
    (c) K
    (d) Ca
    Ans (c)
    Atomic radius increases when we move from top to bottom along a group and it decreases when it moves from left to right along a period.
    So Potassium has the highest radius as it is left on the periodic table and also at the bottom of a group compared to all the elements in the same group.
    Simultaneously it belongs to alkali metals which are highly electropositive and gain inert gas configuration by losing an electron.
    Hence option (c) is correct.

    Question:15

    Which of the following elements does not lose an electron easily?
    (a) Na
    (b) F
    (c) Mg
    (d) Al
    Ans (b)
    Fluorine (F) has atomic number 9
    Electronic configuration: 2, 7.
    Fluorine has a tendency to gain one electron to form a stable configuration with 8 electrons in the outermost shell.
    Fluorine is the most electronegative element in the whole periodic table. So, it does not lose the electron that easily.
    Hence option (b) is correct.

    Question:16

    Which of the following are the characteristics of isotopes of an element?
    (i) Isotopes of an element have same atomic masses
    (ii) Isotopes of an element have same atomic number
    (iii) Isotopes of an element show same physical properties
    (iv) Isotopes of an element show same chemical properties

    (a) (i), (iii) and (iv) (b) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
    (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv)
    Ans (d)
    Isotopes of an element are atoms with same atomic number and different atomic mass. Hence they have similar chemical properties as they have same electronic configuration and they have different physical properties due to different mass.
    Hence option (d) is correct.

    Question:17

    Arrange the following elements in the order of their decreasing metallic character Na, Si, Cl, Mg, Al
    (a) Cl > Si >Al > Mg >Na
    (b) Na >Mg >Al >Si > Cl
    (c) Na > Al > Mg > Cl > Si
    (d) Al > Na> Si > Ca> Mg
    Ans (b)
    Metallic character decreases when we move from left to right in a period
    Na > Mg > Al > Si > Cl
    Hence option (b) is correct.

    Question:18

    Arrange the following elements in the order of their increasing non-metallic character Li, O, C, Be, F
    (a) F < O < C < Be < Li
    (b) Li < Be < C < O< F
    (c) F < O < C < Be < Li
    (d) F < O < Be < C < Li

    Ans (b)
    Metallic character decreases when we move from left to right in a period
    Li < Be < C < O < F
    Hence option (b) is correct.

    Question:19

    What type of oxide would Eka– aluminium form?
    (a) EO3
    (b) E3 O2
    (c) E2 O3
    (d) EO
    Ans (c)
    Eka-aluminum is the element Gallium
    Gallium has a valency of 3. Hence it forms an oxide having molecular formula E2O3.
    Hence option (c) is correct.

    Question:20

    Three elements B, Si, and Ge are
    (a) metals
    (b) non-metals
    (c) metalloids
    (d) metal, non-metal, and metalloid respectively
    Ans (c)
    Boron is a chemical element with the symbol B and atomic number 5. It is a metalloid.
    Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a metalloid.
    Germanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is a metalloid.
    Hence, Boron, Silicon, and Germanium are metalloids which are placed diagonally in periodic table.
    Hence option (c) is correct.

    Question:21

    Which of the following elements will form an acidic oxide?
    (a) An element with atomic number 7
    (b) An element with atomic number 3
    (c) An element with atomic number 12
    (d) An element with atomic number 19
    Ans (a)
    Non Metals form an acidic oxide and Metal forms basic oxides
    Element with atomic number 7: Nitrogen - Non-metal
    Element with atomic number 3: Lithium - Metal
    Element with atomic number 12: Magnesium - Metal
    Element with atomic number 19: Potassium - Metal
    So element with atomic number 7 forms acidic oxide.
    Hence option (a) is correct.

    Question:22

    The element with atomic number 14 is hard and forms acidic oxide and a covalent halide. To which of the following categories does the element belong?
    (a) Metal
    (b) Metalloid
    (c) Non-metal
    (d) Left-hand side element
    Ans (b)
    Element with atomic number 14 – Silicon (Si)
    It is hard and brittle.
    Silicon forms acidic oxides such as silicon dioxide which is weakly acidic.
    Non-metals need to gain electrons to become stable. When non-metals react with halogens, they can share electrons and form covalent bonds.
    Si has a tendency to react with halogens and form covalent bonds.
    Hence, it is a metalloid (shows characteristics of both metals and non metals)
    Hence option (b) is correct.

    Question:23

    Which one of the following depict the correct representation of atomic radius(r) of an atom?

    (a) (i) and (ii)
    (b) (ii) and (iii)
    (c) (iii) and (iv)
    (d) (i) and (iv)
    Ans (b)
    Atomic radius is the distance between the centre of the nucleus to the outer most shell which contains electrons.
    We can see that in figure (ii) and (iii), correct representation is shown.
    Hence option (b) is correct.

    Question:24

    Which one of the following does not increase while moving down the group of the periodic table?
    (a) Atomic radius
    (b) Metallic character
    (c) Valence
    (d) Number of shells in an element
    Ans (c)
    Atomic radius increases down a group
    Metallic character increases down a group
    The number of electrons in the outer most shell are same in a group hence valence electrons and valency of all the elements in the group remains the same when we move from top to bottom.
    Number of shells in an element increases down a group
    Hence option (c) is correct.

    Question:25

    On moving from left to right in a period in the periodic table, the size of the atom.
    (a) increases
    (b) decreases
    (c) does not change appreciably
    (d) first decreases and then increases
    Ans (b)
    When move from left to right in a period the atomic radius decreases as the number of electrons are increasing in the outer most shell
    which increases the nuclear forces among them.
    Hence option (b) is correct.

    Question:26

    Which of the following set of elements is written in order of their increasing metallic character?
    (a) Be Mg Ca
    (b) Na Li K
    (c) Mg Al Si
    (d) C O N
    Ans (a)
    When we move from top to bottom in group the metallic nature increases as the atomic size increases due to increase in the number of shells.
    Hence metallic character:
    Ca > Mg > Be
    K >Na > Li
    Metallic character goes on decreasing while going from left to right in a period.
    Hence metallic character:
    Mg > Al > Si
    C> N >O
    Hence option (a) is correct.

    NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions Chapter 5-Short Answer

    Question:27

    The three elements A, B and C with similar properties have atomic masses X, Y and Z respectively. The mass of Y is approximately equal to the average mass of X and Z. What is such an arrangement of elements called as? Give one example of such a set of elements.
    Answer:

    Such an arrangement of elements is called triad, as in Dobereiner’s Triads.
    Doberenier’s Triads: It is the arrangement of elements as a set containing 3 elements where mass of
    middle element is equal or close to the average of other two elements.
    Y= \frac{X+Z}{2}
    For example,
    Lithium (Atomic mass 7), Sodium (Atomic mass 23) and Potassium (Atomic mass 39)
    Average atomic mass of Li and K = \frac{39+7}{2}= 23

    Question:28

    Elements have been arranged in the following sequence on the basis of their increasing atomic masses.
    F, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, K
    (a) Pick two sets of elements which have similar properties.
    (b) The given sequence represents which law of classification of elements

    Answer:

    (a) SET 1 – F, Cl
    SET 2 – Na, K
    (b)The law of octaves states that every eighth element has similar properties when the elements are arranged in the increasing order of their atomic masses.
    Based on Newlands octaves rule the above elements can be arranged as Follows:
    F Na Mg Al Si P S Cl K Ar

    Question:29

    Can the following groups of elements be classified as Dobereiner's triad ?
    (a) Na, Si, Cl
    (b) Be, Mg, Ca
    Atomic mass of Be 9; Na 23; Mg 24; Si 28; Cl 35; Ca 40
    Explain by giving reason.

    Answer:

    Doberenier’s Triads: It is the arrangement of elements as a set containing 3 elements where mass of middle element is equal or close to the average of other two elements.
    (a)(23) ; Si(28) ; Cl(35)
    Atomic Mass of Si= \frac{23+35}{2}= \frac{58}{2}
    = 29
    Silicon mass is close to the average of Sodium and chlorine but the above three elements are not dobereiner’s traits as the properties of the elements don’t match.
    (b)Be(9) ; Mg(24) ; Ca(40)
    Atomic mass of Mg= \frac{9+40}{2}= 24\cdot 5
    Magnesium mass is close to the average of Beryllium and calcium and all the three
    elements have common properties therefore the above three elements are a dobereiner’s triads.

    Question:30

    In Mendeleev ’s Periodic Table the elements were arranged in the increasing order of their atomic masses. However, cobalt with atomic mass of 58.93 amu was placed before nickel having an atomic mass of 58.71 amu. Give reason for the same.
    Answer:

    In Mendeleev ’s Periodic Table the elements were arranged in the increasing order of their atomic masses. But cobalt with atomic mass of 58.93 amu was placed before nickel having an atomic mass of 58.71 amu because
    a)The properties of cobalt are similar to rhodium and iridium
    b)The properties of nickel are similar to palladium and platinum
    And in order to have the elements with similar properties under one group cobalt is placed before nickel even if its mass is greater than that of nickel.

    Question:31

    “Hydrogen occupies a unique position in Modern Periodic Table”. Justify the statement.
    Answer:

    Hydrogen is placed separately in periodic table because:
    a) Considering the properties, it is similar to alkali metals
    b) Based on electronic configuration it is one electron short for inert gas configuration which is similar to halogens
    c) Some of the properties do not resemble with alkali metals like the nature of oxides. Hydrogen oxide (H2O) is neutral but alkali
    metal oxides are basic and halogen oxides are acidic.

    Question:32

    Write the formulae of chlorides of Eka-silicon and Eka-aluminium, the elements predicted by Mendeleev.
    Answer:

    Eka-Silicon means Germanium (Ge) which belongs to group 4 (carbon group) whose valency is 4
    So chloride of germanium is : GeCl4
    Eka-aluminum means Gallium (Ga) which belongs to group 3 (Boron group) whose valency is 3
    So chloride of Gallium is : GaCl3

    Question:33

    Three elements A, B and C have 3, 4 and 2 electrons respectively in their outermost shell. Give the group number to which they belong in the Modern Periodic Table. Also, give their valencies.
    Answer:

    i) Element A has 3 electrons in the outer most shell therefore its valency is 3. So element A can be one of the following: B, Al, Ga, In , Tl
    ii) Element B has 4 electrons in the outer most shell therefore its valency is 4. So element B can be one of the following: C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb
    iii) Element C has 2 electrons in the outer most shell therefore its valency is 2. So element C can be one of the following: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

    Question:34

    If an element X is placed in group 14, what will be the formula and the nature of bonding of its chloride?
    Answer:

    Elements belonging to group 14 will have an electronic configuration: 2 8 4
    So, it has 4 electrons in the outer most shell therefore its valency is 4
    Thus, the chloride of element X will be XCl4

    Question:35

    Compare the radii of two species X and Y. Give reasons for your answer.
    (a) X has 12 protons and 12 electrons
    (b) Y has 12 protons and 10 electrons

    Answer:

    Species X:
    K L M
    2 8 2
    Which has three shells.
    Species Y:
    K L
    2 8
    Which has two shells.
    Since element X has 3 shells and Y has only 2 shells, we can make a conclusion the element X has larger radius compared to Y.

    Question:36

    Arrange the following elements in increasing order of their atomic radii.
    (a) Li, Be, F, N
    (b) Cl, At, Br, I

    Answer:

    (a) Li, Be, F, N
    All the elements above belong to same period (2nd Period) and when we move from left to right in a period, the atomic radius decreases.
    F<N<Be<Li
    (b) Cl, At, Br, IAll the elements above belong to same group (17th Group) and
    when we move from top to bottom in a group the atomic radius increases.
    Cl <Br < I< At

    Question:37

    Identify and name the metals out of the following elements whose electronic configurations are given below.
    (a) 2, 8, 2
    (b) 2, 8, 1
    (c) 2, 8, 7
    (d) 2, 1
    Answer:

    Electronic Configuration

    Valence electrons

    Metal / Non-Metal

    Atomic Number

    Name of the elements

    2,8,2

    2

    Metal

    2+8+2=12

    Magnesium

    2,8,1

    1

    Metal

    2+8+1=11

    Sodium

    2,8,7

    7

    Non-Metal

    2+8+7=17

    Chlorine

    2,1

    1

    Metal

    2+1=3

    Lithium

    Question:38

    Write the formula of the product formed when the element A (atomic number 19) combines with the element B (atomic number 17). Draw its electronic dot structure. What is the nature of the bond formed?
    Answer:

    Electronic configuration of A(21) : 2 8 8 1
    Electronic Configuration of B(17): 2 8 7
    A is an electropositive element so it tends to lose an electron to attain noble gas configuration on the other hand B is an electronegative element
    which takes an electron and gains noble gas configuration.
    Based on atomic number A is potassium and B is Chlorine.
    Electron dot structure:

    Ionic bond will be formed.

    Question:39

    Arrange the following elements in the increasing order of their metallic character: Mg, Ca, K, Ge, Ga
    Answer:

    Group No : 1 2 13 14
    3rd Period : Mg
    4th Period : K Ca Ga Ge
    When we move from left to right in a period the metallic nature decreases and all the nonmetals are present in p-block.
    On the other hand, when me move from top to bottom in a group the metallic character increases. So,
    taking all these trends into consideration:
    Ge<Ga<Mg<Ca<K

    Question:40

    Identify the elements with the following property and arrange them in increasing order of their reactivity
    (a) An element which is a soft and reactive metal
    (b) The metal which is an important constituent of limestone
    (c) The metal which exists in liquid state at room temperature

    Answer:

    a) Sodium (Na) and Potassium(K) belong to alkali metals which are highly reactive due to their electro positive nature and these elements are so reactive that these are kept in kerosene so that they won’t react with oxygen or moisture in air.
    b) Limestone is CaCO3: Calcium is the only metal in its molecule. Therefore, calcium is the most important metal in limestone.
    c) Mercury is the only metal which exists as liquid in room temperature.
    Order of reactivity Mercury (Hg) < Calcium (ca) <sodium (Na)

    Question:41

    Properties of the elements are given below. Where would you locate the following elements in the periodic table?
    (a) A soft metal stored under kerosene
    (b) An element with variable (more than one) valency stored under water.
    (c) An element which is tetravalent and forms the basis of organic chemistry
    (d) An element which is an inert gas with atomic number 2
    (e) An element whose thin oxide layer is used to make other elements
    corrosion resistant by the process of “anodising”

    Answer:

    a) Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) belong to alkali metals which are highly reactive due to their electropositive nature and these elements are so reactive that these are kept in kerosene so that they won’t react with oxygen or moisture in air. Sodium is found in group 1 period 3 and potassium is found in group 1 period 4.
    b) Phosphorous shows variable valency of 3 and 5. It is stored under water as it is highly
    reactive when it comes in contact with air. Phosphorous is placed in group 15 period 3.
    c) Carbon is tetravalent and it is the basis for all the organic compounds in nature. Carbon is placed in group 14 and period 2.
    d) Helium is the inert gas with atomic number 2 and it is the lightest inert gas. Helium is placed in group 18 and period 1.
    e) Anodizing is the process of making a thin layer of Al2­O3 on other elements to protect from corrosion. Aluminum is the main metal in that thin layer, it is placed in group 13 and period 3.

    NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions Chapter 5-Long Answer

    Question:42

    An element is placed in 2nd Group and 3rd Period of the Periodic Table, burns in presence of oxygen to form a basic oxide.
    (a) Identify the element
    (b) Write the electronic configuration
    (c) Write the balanced equation when it burns in the presence of air
    (d) Write a balanced equation when this oxide is dissolved in water
    (e) Draw the electron dot structure for the formation of this oxide

    Answer:

    a) Element is in 2nd Group and 3rd Period that means it belongs to Alkali Earth Metals and it is Magnesium (Mg).
    b) Atomic Number of Magnesium is 12 whose electronic configuration is:
    K L M
    2 8 2
    c) When Magnesium is burnt in the presence in air it will form Magnesium Oxide.
    2Mg\left ( s \right )+O_{2}\left ( g \right )\overset{Heat}{\rightarrow}2MgO\left ( s \right )
    d) When Magnesium Oxide is dissolved in water it will form Magnesium Hydroxide.
    2MgO\left ( s \right )+2H_{2}O\left ( l \right )\rightarrow 2Mg\left ( OH \right )_{2}
    e) Electronic Configuration of Magnesium: 2 8 2
    Electronic Configuration of Oxygen: 2 6
    Electron Dot Structure:

    Question:43

    An element X (atomic number 17) reacts with an element Y (atomic number 20) to form a divalent halide.
    (a) Where in the periodic table are elements X and Y placed?
    (b) Classify X and Y as metal (s), non-metal (s) or metalloid (s)
    (c) What will be the nature of oxide of element Y? Identify the nature of bonding in the compound formed
    (d) Draw the electron dot structure of the divalent halide

    Answer:

    a) Element X has atomic number 17 (Chlorine) and its electronic configuration is 2 8 7
    It has 7 valence electrons, so it belongs to group 17 and it has 3 shells which means it belongs to 3rd Period.
    Element Y has atomic number 20 (Calcium) and its electronic configuration is 2 8 8 2
    It has 2 valence electrons and it belongs to group 2 and it has 4 shells which means it belongs to 4th Period.
    b) As element X has 7 electrons in the outer most shell it is short of one
    electron for inert gas configuration. So, X will prefer accepting an electron hence it is a Non-Metal. Whereas element Y has 2 electrons in the outermost shell which means this element prefers to lose electrons and reach inert gas configuration. So, element Y is going to be a metal.
    c) Since Y is a metal, and all the metallic oxides are basic in nature. Oxygen being a non-metal, the bonding between them is going to be Ionic in nature (Electropositive (Metals) and electronegative (Non-metals) elements will form Ionic Bond).
    d) Electronic Configuration of Calcium: 2 8 8 2
    Electronic Configuration of Chlorine: 2 8 7
    Electron Dot Structure of Calcium Chloride CaCl2

    Question:44

    Atomic number of a few elements are given below 10, 20, 7, 14
    (a) Identify the elements
    (b) Identify the Group number of these elements in the Periodic Table
    (c) Identify the Periods of these elements in the Periodic Table
    (d) What would be the electronic configuration for each of these elements?
    (e) Determine the valency of these elements

    Answer:

    Group Number is Electrons in the outer most shell plus 10 as long as the electrons in the outermost shell is greater than 2.
    Period Number is the number of shells that are filled by electrons.
    Valency is the least number of electrons an element loses or gains to have an inert gas configuration

    Atomic Number

    (d)

    Electronic Configuration

    (b)

    Group Number

    (c)

    Period Number

    (e) Valency

    (a) Element

    10

    2,8

    (8+10=18)

    2

    0

    Neon

    20

    2,8,8,2

    2

    4

    2

    Calcium

    7

    2,5

    15

    2

    3

    Nitrogen

    14

    2,8,4

    14

    3

    4

    Silicon

    Question:45

    Complete the following cross word puzzle (Figure 5.1)

    Across:
    (1) An element with atomic number 12.
    (3) Metal used in making cans and member of Group 14.
    (4) A lustrous non-metal which has 7 electrons in its outermost shell.
    Down:
    (2) Highly reactive and soft metal which imparts yellow colour when subjected to flame and is kept in kerosene.
    (5) The first element of second Period
    (6) An element which is used in making fluorescent bulbs and is second member of Group 18 in the Modern Periodic Table
    (7) A radioactive element which is the last member of halogen family.
    (8) Metal which is an important constituent of steel and forms rust when exposed to moist air.
    (9) The first metalloid in Modern Periodic Table whose fibres are used in making bullet-proof vests

    Answer:

    Across
    1) Element with atomic number 12: Magnesium
    3) Metal used in making cans and member of Group 14: Tin
    4) A lustrous non-metal which has 7 electrons in its outermost shell: Iodine
    Down
    2) Highly reactive and soft metal which imparts yellow colour when subjected to flame and is kept in kerosene: Sodium
    5) The first element of second Period: Lithium
    6) An element which is used in making fluorescent bulbs and is second member of Group 18 in the Modern Periodic Table: Neon
    7) A radioactive element which is the last member of halogen family: Astatine
    8) Metal which is an important constituent of steel and forms rust when exposed to moist air: Iron
    9) The first metalloid in Modern Periodic Table whose fibres are used in making bullet-proof vests: Boron

    Question:47

    Mendeleev predicted the existence of certain elements not known at that time and named two of them as Eka-silicon and Eka-aluminium.
    (a) Name the elements which have taken the place of these elements
    (b) Mention the group and the period of these elements in the Modern Periodic Table.
    (c) Classify these elements as metals, non-metals or metalloids
    (d) How many valence electrons are present in each one of them?

    Answer:

    a)
    Eka-Silicon---------- Germanium
    Eka-aluminum---------- Gallium
    b)
    Germanium is in group 14, Period 4
    Gallium is in group 13, Period 4
    c)
    Gallium is a Metal
    Germanium is Metalloid
    d)
    Ga lies in group 13 which means it has 3 valence electrons.
    Ge lies in group 14 which means it has 4 valence electrons.

    Question:48

    (a) Electropositive nature of the element(s) increases down the group and decreases across the period
    (b) Electronegativity of the element decreases down the group and increases across the period
    (c) Atomic size increases down the group and decreases across a period (left to right)
    (d) Metallic character increases down the group and decreases across a period.
    On the basis of the above trends of the Periodic Table, answer the following about the elements with atomic numbers 3 to 9.
    (a) Name the most electropositive element among them
    (b) Name the most electronegative element
    (c) Name the element with smallest atomic size
    (d) Name the element which is a metalloid
    (e) Name the element which shows maximum valency.

    Answer:

    Atomic Number

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7

    8

    9

    Name

    Lithium

    Beryllium

    Boron

    Carbon

    Nitrogen

    Oxygen

    Fluorine

    Symbol

    Li

    Be

    B

    C

    N

    O

    F

    a) Lithium (atomic number 3) is the most electropositive element in 2nd Period as it is the left most element in the period
    d) Fluorine (atomic number 9) is the most electronegative element in 2nd Period as it is the right most element in the period
    c) Element with smaller atomic size is fluorine (atomic number 9) as the atomic size decreases as we move from left to right in a period
    d) Boron (atomic number 5) is the metalloid in 2nd Period.
    e) Carbon (atomic number 6) has the maximum valency of 4.

    Question:50

    An element X of group 15 exists as diatomic molecule and combines with hydrogen at 773 K in presence of the catalyst to form a compound, ammonia which has a characteristic pungent smell.
    (a) Identify the element X. How many valence electrons does it have?
    (b) Draw the electron dot structure of the diatomic molecule of X. What type of bond is formed in it?
    (c) Draw the electron dot structure for ammonia and what type of bond is formed in it?

    Answer:

    (a) X is nitrogen (atomic number 7)
    Electronic configuration: 2, 5
    Valence electrons: 5
    (b)


    (c) Ammonia is NH3
    N atom has the following Lewis structure:

    It has three unpaired electrons, each of which can make a covalent bond by sharing electrons with an H atom.
    Electron dot structure for ammonia:

    It forms a covalent bond.

    Question:51

    Which group of elements could be placed in Mendeleev's Periodic Table without disturbing the original order? Give reason.
    Answer:

    The noble gases could have been placed in a separate group without disturbing the group as they are found in atmosphere with very little concentrations and have inert properties.
    When Mendeleev gave periodic table, none of the noble gases were discovered. When they were later discovered, they were placed in a separate group called as Zero group.

    Question:52

    Give an account of the process adopted by Mendeleev for the classification of elements. How did he arrive at “Periodic Law”?
    Answer:

    When Mendeleev was working with the periodic table, only 63 elements were known to mankind. He focused on the masses of the elements as well as the nature of the compounds formed when these reacted with oxygen and hydrogen. He grouped the elements which had similar oxide and hydride formations under same group and arranged them according to their atomic masses.
    Elements with similar properties were arranged in a group.
    Mendeleev observed that elements were automatically arranged in the order of increasing atomic masses

    NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 10 Science Chapter 5 Important Topics:

    The chapter on Periodic Classification of Elements in NCERT exemplar Class 10 Science solutions chapter 5 covers the below-mentioned topics:

    • Classification of the periodic table.
    • NCERT exemplar Class 10 Science solutions chapter 5 discusses octave law and its limitation in the periodic table
    • Classification to understand basic properties of similar group elements.

    NCERT Class 10 Exemplar Solutions for Other Subjects:

    NCERT Class 10 Science Exemplar Solutions for Other Chapters:

    Features of NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions Chapter 5:

    These Class 10 Science NCERT exemplar chapter 5 solutions provide an understanding of periodic table and how it is classified. We will also learn that Mendeleev had left some spaces for those matters which can be discovered later. These elaborate solutions can be used by the students to understand and hone the concepts of Periodic classification of elements. The Class 10 Science NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 5 Periodic classification of elements are sufficient to develop a strong base in order to solve problems given in other books such as Chemistry question bank, NCERT Class 10 Science, S. Chand by Manjit Kaur and Lakhmir Singh, et cetera.

    It is highly suggested to explore the NCERT exemplar Class 10 Science solutions chapter 5 pdf download feature to keep the solutions handy when attempting the problems of NCERT exemplar Class 10 Science chapter 5 in offline mode.

    Check NCERT Solutions for questions given in the book

    Must check NCERT Solution Subject Wise

    Read more NCERT Notes Subject Wise

    Also Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here

    Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

    1. Q1. How elements are arranged in the modern periodic table?

    A1. In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in increasing order of atomic number.

    2. Q2. Orbits are also known as shells what are the standard nomenclatures of these shells?

    A2. Shells are those orbits in which electrons revolve around the nucleus. Every orbit has limitation on number of electrons it can have. These orbits or shells are named as KLMN shells

    3. Q3. What is atomic radius?

    A3. The radius of the last orbit where electron can exist in any substance is called atomic radius. This radius is very large in comparison with nuclear radius.

    4. Q4. Will these problems of exemplar require additional knowledge of Periodic classifications of elements?

    A4. NCERT Exemplar class 10 science solutions chapter 5 equip the student with a multidimensional approach to the problems and understand the concept of Periodic classifications of elements.

    5. Q5. Is the chapter Periodic classifications of elements important for Board examinations?

    A5. The chapter of Periodic classifications of elements is important for Board examinations as it holds around 5-7% weightage of the whole paper.

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    The eligibility age criteria for class 10th CBSE is 14 years of age. Since your son will be 15 years of age in 2024, he will be eligible to give the exam.

    According to CBSE norms, a student must be 14 years old by the end of the year in which the exam will be held in order to sit for the 10th board exam. If your age is greater than 14, however, there are no limits. Therefore, based on your DOB, you will be 12 years and 6 months old by the end of December 2022. After the actual 16 June 2024, you'll be qualified to take your 10th board.

    Hello aspirant,

    Central Board Of Secondary Education(CBSE) is likely to declare class 10 and 12 terms 2 board result 2022 by July 15. The evaluation process is underway. Students are demanding good results and don't want to lack behind. They are requesting the board to use their best scores in Term 1 and Term 2 exams to prepare for the results.

    CBSE concluded board exams 2022 for 10, and 12 on June 15 and May 24. Exams for both classes began on April 26. A total of 35 lakh students including 21 lakh class 10 students and 14 lakh class 12 students appeared in exams and are awaiting their results.

    You can look for your results on websites- cbse.gov (//cbse.gov) .in, cbseresults.nic.in

    Thank you

    Sir, did you get any problem in result
    I have also done this same mistake in board 2023 exam
    Please reply because I am panic regarding this problem

    Hello SIR CBSE board 9th class admission 2022 Kara Raha hu entrance ki problem hai please show the Entrance for Baal vidya mandir school sambhal

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    A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is

    Option 1)

    0.34\; J

    Option 2)

    0.16\; J

    Option 3)

    1.00\; J

    Option 4)

    0.67\; J

    A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times.  Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated.  How much fat will he use up considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up ?  Fat supplies 3.8×107 J of energy per kg which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate.  Take g = 9.8 ms−2 :

    Option 1)

    2.45×10−3 kg

    Option 2)

     6.45×10−3 kg

    Option 3)

     9.89×10−3 kg

    Option 4)

    12.89×10−3 kg

     

    An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range

    Option 1)

    2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J

    Option 2)

    200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J

    Option 3)

    2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J

    Option 4)

    20,000 \, \, J - 50,000 \, \, J

    A particle is projected at 600   to the horizontal with a kinetic energy K. The kinetic energy at the highest point

    Option 1)

    K/2\,

    Option 2)

    \; K\;

    Option 3)

    zero\;

    Option 4)

    K/4

    In the reaction,

    2Al_{(s)}+6HCL_{(aq)}\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}\, _{(aq)}+6Cl^{-}\, _{(aq)}+3H_{2(g)}

    Option 1)

    11.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}  at STP  is produced for every mole HCL_{(aq)}  consumed

    Option 2)

    6L\, HCl_{(aq)}  is consumed for ever 3L\, H_{2(g)}      produced

    Option 3)

    33.6 L\, H_{2(g)} is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts

    Option 4)

    67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)} at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .

    How many moles of magnesium phosphate, Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?

    Option 1)

    0.02

    Option 2)

    3.125 × 10-2

    Option 3)

    1.25 × 10-2

    Option 4)

    2.5 × 10-2

    If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12, mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative atomic mass unit, the mass of one mole of a substance will

    Option 1)

    decrease twice

    Option 2)

    increase two fold

    Option 3)

    remain unchanged

    Option 4)

    be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.

    With increase of temperature, which of these changes?

    Option 1)

    Molality

    Option 2)

    Weight fraction of solute

    Option 3)

    Fraction of solute present in water

    Option 4)

    Mole fraction.

    Number of atoms in 558.5 gram Fe (at. wt.of Fe = 55.85 g mol-1) is

    Option 1)

    twice that in 60 g carbon

    Option 2)

    6.023 × 1022

    Option 3)

    half that in 8 g He

    Option 4)

    558.5 × 6.023 × 1023

    A pulley of radius 2 m is rotated about its axis by a force F = (20t - 5t2) newton (where t is measured in seconds) applied tangentially. If the moment of inertia of the pulley about its axis of rotation is 10 kg m2 , the number of rotations made by the pulley before its direction of motion if reversed, is

    Option 1)

    less than 3

    Option 2)

    more than 3 but less than 6

    Option 3)

    more than 6 but less than 9

    Option 4)

    more than 9

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    Radio Jockey

    Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

    A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

    3 Jobs Available
    Producer

    An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story. 

    They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

    2 Jobs Available
    Fashion Blogger

    Fashion bloggers use multiple social media platforms to recommend or share ideas related to fashion. A fashion blogger is a person who writes about fashion, publishes pictures of outfits, jewellery, accessories. Fashion blogger works as a model, journalist, and a stylist in the fashion industry. In current fashion times, these bloggers have crossed into becoming a star in fashion magazines, commercials, or campaigns. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Photographer

    Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

    2 Jobs Available
    Copy Writer

    In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism, Advertising, Marketing Management. Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

    5 Jobs Available
    Editor

    Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

    3 Jobs Available
    Journalist

    Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

    3 Jobs Available
    Publisher

    For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

    3 Jobs Available
    Vlogger

    In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. Ever since internet cost got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, the career as vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the career as vlogger, how to become a vlogger, so on and so forth then continue reading the article. Students can visit Jamia Millia Islamia, Asian College of Journalism, Indian Institute of Mass Communication to pursue journalism degrees.

    3 Jobs Available
    Travel Journalist

    The career of a travel journalist is full of passion, excitement and responsibility. Journalism as a career could be challenging at times, but if you're someone who has been genuinely enthusiastic about all this, then it is the best decision for you. Travel journalism jobs are all about insightful, artfully written, informative narratives designed to cover the travel industry. Travel Journalist is someone who explores, gathers and presents information as a news article.

    2 Jobs Available
    Videographer

    Careers in videography are art that can be defined as a creative and interpretive process that culminates in the authorship of an original work of art rather than a simple recording of a simple event. It would be wrong to portrait it as a subcategory of photography, rather photography is one of the crafts used in videographer jobs in addition to technical skills like organization, management, interpretation, and image-manipulation techniques. Students pursue Visual Media, Film, Television, Digital Video Production to opt for a videographer career path. The visual impacts of a film are driven by the creative decisions taken in videography jobs. Individuals who opt for a career as a videographer are involved in the entire lifecycle of a film and production. 

    2 Jobs Available
    SEO Analyst

    An SEO Analyst is a web professional who is proficient in the implementation of SEO strategies to target more keywords to improve the reach of the content on search engines. He or she provides support to acquire the goals and success of the client’s campaigns. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Product Manager

    A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

    3 Jobs Available
    Quality Controller

    A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

    A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

    3 Jobs Available
    Production Manager

    Production Manager Job Description: A Production Manager is responsible for ensuring smooth running of manufacturing processes in an efficient manner. He or she plans and organises production schedules. The role of Production Manager involves estimation, negotiation on budget and timescales with the clients and managers. 

    Resource Links for Online MBA 

    3 Jobs Available
    QA Manager

    Quality Assurance Manager Job Description: A QA Manager is an administrative professional responsible for overseeing the activity of the QA department and staff. It involves developing, implementing and maintaining a system that is qualified and reliable for testing to meet specifications of products of organisations as well as development processes. 

    2 Jobs Available
    QA Lead

    A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Reliability Engineer

    Are you searching for a Reliability Engineer job description? A Reliability Engineer is responsible for ensuring long lasting and high quality products. He or she ensures that materials, manufacturing equipment, components and processes are error free. A Reliability Engineer role comes with the responsibility of minimising risks and effectiveness of processes and equipment. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Safety Manager

    A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.

    2 Jobs Available
    Corporate Executive

    Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

    2 Jobs Available
    Information Security Manager

    Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

    3 Jobs Available
    Computer Programmer

    Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

    3 Jobs Available
    Product Manager

    A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

    3 Jobs Available
    ITSM Manager

    ITSM Manager is a professional responsible for heading the ITSM (Information Technology Service Management) or (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) processes. He or she ensures that operation management provides appropriate resource levels for problem resolutions. The ITSM Manager oversees the level of prioritisation for the problems, critical incidents, planned as well as proactive tasks. 

    3 Jobs Available
    .NET Developer

    .NET Developer Job Description: A .NET Developer is a professional responsible for producing code using .NET languages. He or she is a software developer who uses the .NET technologies platform to create various applications. Dot NET Developer job comes with the responsibility of  creating, designing and developing applications using .NET languages such as VB and C#. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Corporate Executive

    Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

    2 Jobs Available
    DevOps Architect

    A DevOps Architect is responsible for defining a systematic solution that fits the best across technical, operational and and management standards. He or she generates an organised solution by examining a large system environment and selects appropriate application frameworks in order to deal with the system’s difficulties. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Cloud Solution Architect

    Individuals who are interested in working as a Cloud Administration should have the necessary technical skills to handle various tasks related to computing. These include the design and implementation of cloud computing services, as well as the maintenance of their own. Aside from being able to program multiple programming languages, such as Ruby, Python, and Java, individuals also need a degree in computer science.

    2 Jobs Available
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