NEET/JEE Coaching Scholarship
Get up to 90% Scholarship on Offline NEET/JEE coaching from top Institutes
NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions Chapter 9 Heredity is a compulsory study guide for Class 10 students based on the CBSE syllabus for the academic year 2025-26. This chapter is about how changes occur and are inherited in living beings and how they influence evolution. The main topics are Griffith's experiment, Mendel's laws, and the theories of Lamarckism and Darwinism. Not only are the NCERT Exemplar Solutions helping the students to overcome board exams, but also to build a good foundation for future study in biology. These solutions also make it easy for the students to achieve accurate answers to the questions present in their NCERT textbooks and make studying a simpler process to gain higher marks on their exams.
Students should get well-informed in the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science provided here, to score better marks in the Class 10 Science examination, These solutions provide correct answers and descriptions to each question of the chapter and serve as valuable study guides. Points such as patterns of inheritance and evolution process are required for scoring high marks. By performing these materials, the students are in a position to enhance their knowledge and achieve success in exams.
The detailed answers to the MCQ solutions are given below:
Question:1
Exchange of genetic material takes place in
(a) vegetative reproduction
(b) asexual reproduction
(c) sexual reproduction
(d) budding
Answer: (c)
Solution: Sexual reproduction: The exchange of genetic material takes place as genes of two parents are involved and both the genetic material are combined to form new genetic output.Question:2
Two pink coloured flowers on crossing resulted in 1 red, 2 pink and 1 white flower progeny. The nature of the cross will be
(a) double fertilization
(b) self pollination
(c) cross fertilization
(d) no fertilization
Answer:(c)
Solution:Question:3
A cross between a tall plant (TT) and short pea plant (tt) resulted in progeny that were all tall plants because
(a) tallness is the dominant trait
(b) shortness is the dominant trait
(c) tallness is the recessive trait
(d) height of pea plant is not governed by gene ‘T’ or ‘t’
Answer:(a)
Solution:Question:4
Which of the following statement is incorrect?
(a) For every hormone there is a gene.
(b) For every protein there is a gene.
(c) For production of every enzyme there is a gene.
(d) For every molecule of fat there is a gene
Question:5
If a round, green seeded pea plant (RR yy) is crossed with wrinkled, yellow seeded pea plant, (rr YY) the seeds produced in F1generation are
(a) round and yellow
(b) round and green
(c) wrinkled and green
(d) wrinkled and yellow
Question:6
In human males all the chromosomes are paired perfectly exceptone. This/these unpaired chromosome is/are
(i) large chromosome
(ii) small chromosome
(iii) Y-chromosome
(iv) X-chromosome
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (iii) only
(c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iv)
Question:7
The maleness of a child is determined by
(a) the X chromosome in the zygote
(b) the Y chromosome in zygote
(c) the cytoplasm of germ cell which determines the sex
(d) sex is determined by chance
Question:8
A zygote which has an X-chromosome inherited from the fatherwill develop into a
(a) boy
(b) girl
(c) X- chromosome does not determine the sex of a child
(d) either boy or girl
Question:9
Select the incorrect statement
(a) Frequency of certain genes in a population change over several generations resulting in
evolution
(b) Reduction in weight of the organism due to starvation is genetically controlled
(c) Low weight parents can have heavy weight progeny
(d) Traits which are not inherited over generations do not cause evolution
Question:10
New species may be formed if
(i) DNA undergoes significant changes in germ cells
(ii) chromosome number changes in the gamete
(iii) there is no change in the genetic material
(iv) mating does not take place
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
Question:11
Two pea plants one with round green seeds (RRyy) and another with wrinkled yellow (rrYY) seeds produce F1progeny that haveround, yellow (RrYy) seeds. When F1plants are selfed, the F2progeny will have new combination of characters. Choose the newcombination from the following
(i) Round, yellow
(ii) Round, green
(iii) Wrinkled, yellow
(iv) Wrinkled, green
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (i) and (iii)
Question:12
A basket of vegetables contains carrot, potato, radish and tomato. Which of them represent the correct homologous structures?
(a) Carrot and potato
(b) Carrot and tomato
(c) Radish and carrot
(d) Radish and potato
Question:13
Select the correct statement
(a) Tendril of a pea plant and phylloclade of Opuntia are homologous
(b) Tendril of a pea plant and phylloclade of Opuntia are analogous
(c) Wings of birds and limbs of lizards are analogous
(d) Wings of birds and wings of bat are homologous
Question:14
If the fossil of an organism is found in the deeper layers of earth, then we can predict that
(a) the extinction of organism has occurred recently
(b) the extinction of organism has occurred thousands of years ago
(c) the fossil position in the layers of earth is not related to its time of extinction
(d) time of extinction cannot be determined
Question:15
Which of the following statements is not true with respect to variation?
(a) All variations in a species have equal chance of survival
(b) Change in genetic composition results in variation
(c) Selection of variants by environmental factors forms the basis of evolutionary processes.
(d) Variation is minimum in asexual reproduction
Question:16
A trait in an organism is influenced by
(a) paternal DNA only
(b) maternal DNA only
(c) both maternal and paternal DNA
(d) neither by paternal nor by maternal DNA
Question:17
Select the group which shares maximum number of common characters
(a) two individuals of a species
(b) two species of a genus
(c) two genera of a family
(d) two genera of two families
Question:18
According to the evolutionary theory, formation of a new species is generally due to
(a) sudden creation by nature
(b) accumulation of variations over several generations
(c) clones formed during asexual reproduction
(d) movement of individuals from one habitat to another
Question:19
From the list given below, select the character which can be acquired but not inherited
(a) colour of eye
(b) colour of skin
(c) size of body
(d) nature of hair
Question:20
The two versions of a trait (character) which are brought in by the male and female gametes are situated on
(a) copies of the same chromosome
(b) two different chromosomes
(c) sex chromosomes
(d) any chromosome
Question:21
Select the statements that describe characteristics of genes
(i) genes are a specific sequence of bases in a DNA molecule
(ii) a gene does not code for proteins
(iii) in individuals of a given species, a specific gene is located on a particular chromosome
(iv) each chromosome has only one gene
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iv)
Question:22
In peas, a pure tall plant (TT) is crossed with a short plant (tt). The ratio of pure tall plants to short plants in F2 is
(a) 1 : 3
(b) 3 : 1
(c) 1 : 1
(d) 2 : 1
Question:23
The number of pair (s) of sex chromosomes in the zygote of humans is
(a) one (b) two
(c) three (d) four
Question:24
The theory of evolution of species by natural selection was given by
(a) Mendel (b) Darwin
(c) Morgan (d) Lamarck
Question:25
Some dinosaurs had feathers although they could not fly but birds have feathers that help them to fly. In the context of evolution thismeans that
(a) reptiles have evolved from birds
(b) there is no evolutionary connection between reptiles and birds
(c) feathers are homologous structures in both the organisms
(d) birds have evolved from reptiles
The detailed answers to the Short Answer questions are given below:
Question:26
How is the sex of a new born determined in humans?
Answer:
Exchange of genetic material takes place as genes of two parents are involved and both the genetic material are combined to form new genetic output.Question:27
Do genetic combination of mothers play a significant role in determining the sex of a new born.
Answer:
Mothers have a pair of X-chromosomes. So they do not play significant role in determining the sex of a new born.Question:28
Mention three important features of fossils which help in the study of evolution.
Answer:
Important features of fossils which help in the study of evolution areHeredity and Evolution Excercise: 3.5
Question:29
Why do all the gametes formed in human females have an X chromosome?
Answer:
Human females have two X-chromosomes called sex chromosome. During meiosis at the time of gamete formation, one X-chromosome enters each gamete. Hence, all the gametes formed in human females possess an X-chromosome.Question:30
Answer:
Question:31
Answer:
A very small population of a species faces a greater threat of extinction than a larger population because of the following reasons:Question:32
Answer:
The structures that are similar in related organisms because they were inherited from a common ancestor are Homologous structures. These may or may not have the same function as in the descendants.Question:33
Answer:
Common ancestry may extraordinarily restrict the degree of diversity, e.g., all birds are closely related, they have common ancestors but birds and reptiles are also related.Question:34
Answer:
Character Contrasting traitsQuestion:35
Why did Mendel choose pea plant for his experiments?
Answer:
Mendel choose pea plant for his experiment for the following reasonsQuestion:36
A woman has only daughters. Analyse the situation genetically and provide a suitable explanation.
Answer:
Humans have two sex chromosomes, X and Y.The detailed answers to the Long Answer questions are given below:
Question:37
Answer:
Yes, the geographical isolation of individuals of a species leads to the formation of a new species.Question:38
Answer:
Evolution is basically the generation of diversity and the moulding of diversity by ecological selections. Additionally, it isn't as though the recently created species are in any capacity better than the older ones.Question:39
Answer:
Irrespective of their races, all humans are a single species. We can notice features like:Question:40
Differentiate between inherited and acquired characters. Give one example for each type.
Answer:
Differences between inherited and acquired charactersQuestion:41
Give reasons why acquired characters are not inherited.
Answer:
Acquired characters are traits that are not inherited, i.e., the acquired traits are simply changes in non-reproductive tissues, so, cannot be passed on to DNA of germ cells.Question:42
Answer:
Morphological structures are effortlessly visible to us. As the name suggests, molecular structures are the ones at sub-atomic level. Different biomolecules are needed to make an organism. Diversity in morphological structure causes diversity in organisms that we see around us. Life started as simple forms and bit by bit it developed into numerous unpredictable organisms. In this manner, it tends to be said that morphological structures show the least stability. When we look at the molecular level, all the life forms are comprised of same biomolecules. DNA, protein, lipid, carbohydrates, etc. are available in all creatures. The structure of DNA is same in each life form, however the quantity of DNAs shifts starting with one organism then onto the next.Question:43
In the following crosses write the characteristics of the progeny
Cross Progeny
(a) RRYY x RRYY
Round, yellow Round, yellow ________
(b) RrYy x Rr Yy
Round, yellow Round, yellow ________
(c) rryy x rryy
wrinkled, green wrinkled, green _______
(d) RRYY x rryy
Round, yellow wrinkled, green ________
Answer:
(a) Parents: RRYY x RRYYQuestion:44
Study the following cross and showing self pollination in F1, fill in the blank and answer the question that follows
Parents: RRYY × rryy
Round, Yellow wrinkled. green
F1: RrYy × ?
Round, yellow ?
Answer:
Self-cross in F1 shows dominant character (law of dominance) in F1 generation.Question:45
In question 44, what are the combinations of character in the F2progeny? What are their ratios?
Answer:
RrYy x RrYyQuestion:46
Give the basic features of the mechanism of inheritance.
Answer:
Features of mechanism of inheritance are following:Question:47
Give reasons for the appearance of new combinations of characters in the F2progeny.
Answer:
Law of independent assortment: This is the reason for the appearance of new combinations in the F2 generation. It states that:NCERT Class 10 Exemplar Solutions for Other Subjects
In chpater "Heredity and Evolution," explains how traits are passed on from one generation to the next and why there is variation when organisms give rise to offspring. The chapter discusses important concepts like inherited characteristics, Mendel's laws of inheritance, and sex determination. These concepts educate students about the biological mechanisms of heredity and the role of genetic variation in evolution. The solutions provided within this chapter aim at simplifying hard concepts and allowing students to study comprehensively for exams.
Read more NCERT Notes Subject Wise
The key topics and subtopics covered in the Chapter Heredity:
Main Topic | Subtopics |
Understanding the concept of heredity | |
Accumulation of Variation During Reproduction | How variations are formed and passed on |
Characteristics that are passed from parents to offspring | |
Rules for the Inheritance of Traits | |
Expression of Traits | How inherited traits are expressed in organisms |
Mechanisms that determine the sex of an organism |
Must check NCERT Solution Subject Wise
Here are some important diagrams from "Heredity":
Mendel's Pea Plant Experiment:
This diagram illustrates Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants, showcasing the traits he studied, such as seed shape and color, which helped establish the foundation of genetics.
Punnett Square:
A visual representation used to predict the genotypes of offspring from a cross between two parents. This diagram is essential for understanding inheritance patterns and the probability of traits being passed on.
Chromosome Structure:
This diagram depicts the structure of chromosomes, including the arrangement of genes. It is important to understand how genetic information is stored and transmitted during cell division.
Sex Determination in Humans:
This diagram illustrates how sex is determined in humans through the combination of X and Y chromosomes contributed by each parent, highlighting the role of the male in determining the sex of the offspring.
Dihybrid Cross:
This diagram shows a dihybrid cross between two individuals differing in two traits. It helps explain Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment and how traits are inherited together or separately.
Below mentioned are the chapters to go through:
Finally, NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 9, "Heredity" is for those students who are willing to score well in their CBSE exam as well as NEET. With elaborated solutions and explanation to most of the questions, these solutions not only improve basic concepts such as Mendel's laws and theories of evolution, but also provides the required platform for further study of biology.
CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science - Chapter-wise
Below mentioned are the Chapterwise solutions:
Adequate understanding and implementation of these solutions will certainly help students to comprehend heredity and evolution better, thereby excelling at their exams and being better aware of the wonderful processes of life.
Also, Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here
Key questions include:
Mendel’s experiments and laws of inheritance.
Differences between acquired and inherited traits.
Mechanisms of natural selection and speciation.
Role of fossils in evolution.
Homologous and analogous organs.
Mendel’s experiments with pea plants demonstrated that traits are inherited through discrete units called genes, following principles like dominance, segregation, and independent assortment.
Acquired traits: Develop during an organism's lifetime due to environmental influence; not passed to offspring (e.g., muscle development).
Inherited traits: Transmitted genetically from parents to offspring (e.g., eye color).
Variations arise due to mutations, genetic recombination during reproduction, and environmental factors. These variations contribute to evolution by enabling adaptation.
The law of segregation states that during gamete formation, alleles for a trait separate so each gamete carries only one allele. Mendel demonstrated this using monohybrid crosses.
Natural selection contributes to evolution by favouring individuals with advantageous traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in a given environment. Over time, these advantageous traits become more common in the population, leading to gradual changes in species as they adapt to their surroundings
Males have only one X chromosome, so recessive sex-linked traits (e.g., color blindness) are expressed directly, whereas females require two copies of the recessive allele for expression.
Natural selection favors individuals with advantageous traits, increasing their survival and reproduction rates. Over time, these traits become more common in the population, driving evolution.
Fossils provide evidence of past organisms, showing transitional forms and evolutionary changes over time, helping trace the lineage of species.
Variations increase adaptability to changing environments, reduce extinction risk, and drive evolutionary processes through natural selection.
Hello
Since you are a domicile of Karnataka and have studied under the Karnataka State Board for 11th and 12th , you are eligible for Karnataka State Quota for admission to various colleges in the state.
1. KCET (Karnataka Common Entrance Test): You must appear for the KCET exam, which is required for admission to undergraduate professional courses like engineering, medical, and other streams. Your exam score and rank will determine your eligibility for counseling.
2. Minority Income under 5 Lakh : If you are from a minority community and your family's income is below 5 lakh, you may be eligible for fee concessions or other benefits depending on the specific institution. Some colleges offer reservations or other advantages for students in this category.
3. Counseling and Seat Allocation:
After the KCET exam, you will need to participate in online counseling.
You need to select your preferred colleges and courses.
Seat allocation will be based on your rank , the availability of seats in your chosen colleges and your preferences.
4. Required Documents :
Domicile Certificate (proof that you are a resident of Karnataka).
Income Certificate (for minority category benefits).
Marksheets (11th and 12th from the Karnataka State Board).
KCET Admit Card and Scorecard.
This process will allow you to secure a seat based on your KCET performance and your category .
check link for more details
https://medicine.careers360.com/neet-college-predictor
Hope this helps you .
Hello Aspirant, Hope your doing great, your question was incomplete and regarding what exam your asking.
Yes, scoring above 80% in ICSE Class 10 exams typically meets the requirements to get into the Commerce stream in Class 11th under the CBSE board . Admission criteria can vary between schools, so it is advisable to check the specific requirements of the intended CBSE school. Generally, a good academic record with a score above 80% in ICSE 10th result is considered strong for such transitions.
hello Zaid,
Yes, you can apply for 12th grade as a private candidate .You will need to follow the registration process and fulfill the eligibility criteria set by CBSE for private candidates.If you haven't given the 11th grade exam ,you would be able to appear for the 12th exam directly without having passed 11th grade. you will need to give certain tests in the school you are getting addmission to prove your eligibilty.
best of luck!
According to cbse norms candidates who have completed class 10th, class 11th, have a gap year or have failed class 12th can appear for admission in 12th class.for admission in cbse board you need to clear your 11th class first and you must have studied from CBSE board or any other recognized and equivalent board/school.
You are not eligible for cbse board but you can still do 12th from nios which allow candidates to take admission in 12th class as a private student without completing 11th.
Get up to 90% Scholarship on Offline NEET/JEE coaching from top Institutes
This ebook serves as a valuable study guide for NEET 2025 exam.
This e-book offers NEET PYQ and serves as an indispensable NEET study material.
As per latest 2024 syllabus. Physics formulas, equations, & laws of class 11 & 12th chapters
As per latest 2024 syllabus. Chemistry formulas, equations, & laws of class 11 & 12th chapters
Accepted by more than 11,000 universities in over 150 countries worldwide