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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 Heredity
The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 Heredity describes how characteristics are inherited by a child from their parents. It discusses important topics such as Mendel's laws of inheritance, dominant and recessive characteristics, and sex determination. By reading the answers, students get to know about the genetic characteristics we inherit, like the colour of our eyes. The NCERT Solutions provide clear answers to questions, making it easier for students to understand and learn each topic.
This Story also Contains
- Download PDF of Heredity Class 10 NCERT Solutions
- NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8(In-Text Exercise Questions)
- Answers to NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Chapter 8 (Chapter-End Exercise)
- Approach to Solve Class 10 Science Chapter 8 Question Answers
- Important Topics of Heredity Class 10 NCERT Solutions
- Important Question from Heredity Class 10 NCERT Solutions
- NCERT Solutions Chapter-wise for Class 10 Science
The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 use diagrams to describe complex concepts simply. Heredity Class 10 NCERT Solutions explains how heredity affects the development of living organisms. These are important for the study of genetics and evolution. To perform well in examinations, students must study through the Heredity Class 10 NCERT Solutions PDF. By this, they can focus on revision and improve their problem-solving speed.
Also Read,
Download PDF of Heredity Class 10 NCERT Solutions
Get easy access to solutions that cover all important concepts from the Heredity chapter. This PDF can be accessed offline without using the internet.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8(In-Text Exercise Questions)
In this section, students will see the detailed answers. These questions are one of the most important parts of understanding the topics. Students must go through the Class 10 Science Chapter 8 question answers to make their base stronger.
Exercise 8.1
Answer:
Trait B is more likely to have arisen earlier because it has a higher percentage of the population, and in asexual reproduction, traits are carried over to the next generation with minimal changes in the traits.
For example, all the sugarcane in the field that reproduces asexually have almost similar characteristics however, the animals and humans which reproduce sexually have more variation of traits in the next generation.
Q. 2. How does the creation of variations in a species promote survival?
Answer:
Variation in our characteristics occurs due to sexual reproduction and inaccurate copying of DNA. The varied characteristics that are suited for survival are passed on to the next generation more easily, and the characteristics that are not favourable for survival will vanish after some generations.
Favourable variations help a species to adapt to changes in its environment, and they promote the survival of a species.
Exercise 8.2
Q. 1. How do Mendel’s experiments show that traits may be dominant or recessive?
Answer:
Mendel crossed a pure-breeding tall plant with a pure-breeding short plant.
In the first generation (F1), all of the plants were tall. The short trait was not visible.
In the second generation (F2), which was produced by self-pollinating the F1 plants, the short trait reappeared, and the plants were in a ratio of 3 tall to 1 short.
This showed that the tall trait was dominant because it was expressed in the F1 generation and hid the short trait. The short trait was recessive because it was masked in the F1 generation but reappeared in the F2.
Q. 2. How do Mendel’s experiments show that traits are inherited independently?
Answer:
Mendel performed a dihybrid cross between pure-breeding tall plants with round seeds and short plants with wrinkled seeds. In the next generation, he observed not only the original combinations (tall-round and short-wrinkled) but also new combinations like tall-wrinkled and short-round were formed.
This result showed:
Tall and Round + Short and Wrinkled → Tall and Round + Tall and Wrinkled + Short and Round + Short and Wrinkled
The appearance of new trait combinations like tall-wrinkled and short-round proved that the inheritance of one trait (like plant height) does not depend on the inheritance of another trait (like seed shape).
Hence, he concluded that traits are inherited independently
Answer:
No, this information is not sufficient to conclude that any trait is dominant or recessive. This is because we don't know the blood group of all offspring.
The given blood group A can be AA or AO, so we can't really draw any conclusion from it.
Q. 4. How is the sex of the child determined in human beings?
Answer:
Half the male gametes have X-chromosomes, and the other half have Y-chromosomes human male has one X-chromosome and one Y-chromosome. In other words, the human male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. On the other hand, all-female gametes have only X chromosomes. If a sperm carrying a Y chromosome fertilises an ovum, then the child born will be a boy.
On the other hand, if a sperm carrying X chromosomes fertilises an ovum, then the child born will be a girl.
X + X = Girl
X + Y = Boy.
Answers to NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Chapter 8 (Chapter-End Exercise)
Here are the step-by-step solutions to the Heredity chapter-end exercise questions, which help in revising the concepts thoroughly and easily
(a) TTWW
(b) TTww
(c) TtWW
(d) TtWw
Answer:
As half the progenies are short, this implies that the parent plant also will have a collection of short genes. Also, since all progenies bore violet flowers, the violet colour is dominant over white.
Hence, TtWW might be the correct answer.
Answer:
No, we cannot say anything for sure based on this information alone.
The observation that children with light-colored eyes are likely to have parents with light-colored eyes is true for both dominant and recessive traits. For example:
Dominant Trait: If the light-eyed trait were dominant, a light-eyed parent would pass that trait to their children, and they would have light eyes.
Recessive Trait: Light-colored eyes are actually a recessive trait. For a child to have light eyes, they must receive a recessive allele from both parents. Therefore, if both parents have light eyes, all of their children will also have light eyes.
The only way to confirm if a trait is dominant or recessive is to observe a cross where a trait disappears in one generation and reappears in the next (like Mendel's experiments) or to see a child with the recessive trait born to parents who show the dominant trait.
Q. 3. Outline a project which aims to find the dominant coat colour in dogs.
Answer:
(i) Select two varieties of dogs, one with white coat colour, the other with black coat colour.
(ii) Crossbreed them, taking a male dog from one variety and female dog from the other variety.
(iii) Observe the colour of the offspring of the F1 generation.
(iv) Now, bring about breeding among the organisms of the F1 generation.
(v) Observe the coat colour of the organisms (pups) of the F2 generation and note the variations in coat colour.
(vi) Draw conclusions based on your study.
One of the probable inheritance patterns may be as follows.
Phenotypic ratio = 3: 1,
Black coat colour (3): White coat colour (1)
Q. 4. How is the equal genetic contribution of male and female parents ensured in the progeny?
Answer:
The equal genetic contribution of male and female parents is ensured by the inheritance of equal chromosomes from both sides. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Out of these, the first 22 pairs are called autosomes, and the 23rd pair is known as the sex chromosomes (X and Y). Females have two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). During reproduction, the male germ cell (sperm) and the female germ cell (egg), both haploid, fuse to form a fertilised ovum, which is diploid. This fertilised ovum gets an equal number of chromosomes (23 each) from both the mother and the father.
The father contributes 22 autosomes and either an X or Y chromosome, while the mother contributes 22 autosomes and one X chromosome. This way, the genetic material in the offspring comes equally from both parents.
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Approach to Solve Class 10 Science Chapter 8 Question Answers
Start with a careful read of the chapter to learn about the basic principles of heredity, including how characteristics are inherited from parents to children.
Concentrate on Mendel's laws of inheritance because they are the main principles that describe dominant and recessive characteristics.
Take note of major topics such as sex determination, acquired and inherited characteristics. All topics are well-explained in the Heredity Class 10 NCERT Solutions PDF.
Use diagrams and examples given in the Solutions of Heredity Class 10 to explain difficult topics.
Carefully practice exercise questions to prepare well for exams. The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science give students an idea of how questions are framed in the exam.
Important Topics of Heredity Class 10 NCERT Solutions
Heredity is a chapter that explains how traits are passed from parents to offspring through genes. Given below are the topics that are included in this chapter. To gain clarity on these topics, students can use Solutions of Heredity Class 10.
Heredity
Accumulation Of Variation During Reproduction
Inherited Traits
Rules for the Inheritance of Traits – Mendel’s Contributions
How do these traits get expressed
Sex Determination
Also, check the NCERT Books and the NCERT Syllabus here:
Important Question from Heredity Class 10 NCERT Solutions
This chapter helps students understand the basic principles of inheritance and how genetic variation occurs in living organisms. Given below is a question along with the detailed answer. Other types of questions are present in the Solutions of Heredity Class 10.
Question: In an experiment to study the independent inheritance of two separate traits — shape and colour of seeds — the ratio of the different combinations in F₂ progeny would be:
A. 1 : 3
B. 1: 2:1
C. 9:3:3:1
D. 9:1:1:3
Answer: The correct answer is option(C), 9:3:3:1
Explanation:
According to the question, when two traits are taken, then that is a classic Mendelian dihybrid cross. The F₂ generation shows a phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1, in which:
- 9 shows both dominant traits
- 3 show one dominant and one recessive trait
- 3 shows the other dominant and one recessive trait
- 1 shows both recessive traits
NCERT Solutions Chapter-wise for Class 10 Science
Below are the Chapter-wise solutions:
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What is heredity and why is it important?
Q: What are Mendel’s laws of inheritance?
A:
Gregor Mendel’s experiments led to two fundamental laws which are given in the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 Heredity:
Q: What is the difference between dominant and recessive traits?
A:
A dominant trait is expressed in the organism even if only one allele is present, while a recessive trait is expressed only when both alleles are recessive. For example, in pea plants, the allele for tall plants is dominant over the allele for dwarf plants.
Q: How is sex determined in humans?
A:
Sex determination in humans depends on the type of sex chromosome inherited from the father. Females have two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). The presence of the Y chromosome determines male sex.
Q: How is sex determined in human beings?
A:
In humans, sex is determined by the XY chromosome system. Males have XY chromosomes, while females have XX chromosomes. The male sperm determines the baby’s sex by contributing either an X or Y chromosome.
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Yes, you can give the CBSE board exam in 2027.
If your date of birth is 25.05.2013, then in 2027 you will be around 14 years old, which is the right age for Class 10 as per CBSE rules. So, there is no problem.
Hope it helps !
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For example, if you are looking to apply for JEE Main 2025 (a competitive exam in India), having passed class 12 or appearing for it in 2025 are mentioned as eligibility criteria.
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"Real papers" for CBSE board exams are the previous year's question papers . You can find these, along with sample papers and their marking schemes , on the official CBSE Academic website (cbseacademic.nic.in).
For notes , refer to NCERT textbooks as they are the primary source for CBSE exams. Many educational websites also provide chapter-wise revision notes and study material that align with the NCERT syllabus. Focus on practicing previous papers and understanding concepts thoroughly.
Popular CBSE Class 10th Questions
A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is
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0.02 |
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1.25 × 10-2 |
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2.5 × 10-2 |
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