NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - The Human Eye and The Colorful World

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - The Human Eye and The Colorful World

Vishal kumarUpdated on 16 Sep 2025, 08:31 PM IST

Have you ever wondered why the sky is blue in the daytime and reddish-orange in the sunrise and at sunset, or why we can only see the stars shining at night? All these interesting phenomena of the natural world are described in Chapter 10 Science Chapter 10 - The Human Eye and the Colourful World. The key topics discussed in this chapter include how the eye works, the structure and the necessities of the human eye, the different common conditions of the eye that are corrected by lenses, the refraction of light in the atmosphere, white light dispersion and scattering of light.

This Story also Contains

  1. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - Human Eye and Colourful World: Download PDF
  2. Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - Human Eye and Colourful World: Intext Solutions
  3. Human Eye and Colourful World NCERT Solutions: Exercise Questions
  4. Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - Human Eye and Colourful World: Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions
  5. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - Human Eye and Colourful World: Topics
  6. Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - Human Eye and Colourful World: Important Formulae
  7. Approach to Solve Questions of Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - Human Eye and Colourful World
  8. Benefits of the Human Eye and Colourful World Class 10 Question Answers
  9. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science: Chapter Wise
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - The Human Eye and The Colorful World
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 10


NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - Human Eye and Colourful World give a step-by-step explanation to every in-text and exercise question so that students develop a good conceptual knowledge. These NCERT solutions not only eliminate the common misunderstandings but also make learning exciting by giving real-world examples of some natural phenomena. These NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - Human Eye and Colourful World have been prepared as per the recent CBSE syllabus and contain HOTS questions, topics, and downloadable PDFs to enable the students to revise better, reinforce preparation to examine better and confidently appear in their board exams and other competitive tests.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - Human Eye and Colourful World: Download PDF

With step-wise answers to all questions in the textbook, the Human Eye and Colourful World NCERT Solutions will make students understand the main points. These solutions are provided in the form of a free downloadable PDF, which is convenient and easy to revise.

Download Solution PDF

Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - Human Eye and Colourful World: Intext Solutions

Human Eye and Colourful World NCERT Solutions: Human Eye and the Colourful World (Intext Questions) offers precise explanations by illustrated diagrams to enable students to study certain principles involved in eye functioning, defects of the eyes, atmospheric refraction, and dispersion of light. These step-by-step solutions enhance clarity of concepts and help in exam preparation.

Topic 10.2 - Defects of vision and their correction

Q. 1. What is meant by the power of accommodation of the eye?

Answer:

The power of accommodation is the ability of an eye to focus near and far objects clearly and make the image on the retina by adjusting its focal length. However, the focal length of the eye lens cannot be decreased below a certain minimum limit.

Q.2. A person with a myopic eye cannot see objects beyond 1.2 m distinctly. What should be the type the corrective lens used to restore proper vision?

Answer:

The correction for a myopic eye should be the concave lens (negative power) to restore proper vision.

Q.3. What is the far point and near point of the human eye with normal vision?

Answer:

The far point of the human eye with normal vision is at infinity, and the near point is 25cm from the eye.

Q.4. A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row. What could be the defect the child is suffering from? How can it be corrected?

Answer:

Since the student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row, he is most likely to suffer from myopia (short-sightedness), i.e., he can see objects clearly but is unable to see the far objects properly.

Hence, it can be corrected by placing the spectacles with concave lenses of appropriate power.

Human Eye and Colourful World NCERT Solutions: Exercise Questions

Human Eye and Colourful World Class 10 question answers (Exercise Questions) offer well-structured answers to all textbook questions. These solutions simplify complex topics like vision, refraction, rainbow formation, and scattering of light, making them easier to understand and revise for exams.

Q.1. The human eye can focus on objects at different distances by adjusting the focal length of the eye lens. This is due to

(a) presbyopia
(b) Accommodation
(c) near-sightedness
(d) far-sightedness

Answer:

It is due to the accommodation of the eye. The human eye can adjust its focal length according to the different distances. Therefore, option (b) is correct.

Q.2. The human eye forms the image of an object at its

(a) cornea

(b) iris

(c) pupil

(d) retina

Answer:

The human eye forms the image of an object on its retina. Therefore, the correct option is (d) Retina

Q.3. The least distance of distinct vision for a young adult with normal vision is about

(a) 25 m

(b) 2.5 cm

(c) 25 cm

(d) 2.5 m

Answer:

The least distance of distinct vision for a young adult with normal vision is about (c) 25 cm

Q.4. The change in focal length of an eye lens is caused by the action of the

(a) pupil

(b) retina

(c) ciliary muscles

(d) iris

Answer:

The change in focal length of an eye lens is caused by the action of the :(c) ciliary muscles

Q.5. A person needs a lens of power –5.5 dioptres for correcting his distant vision. For correcting his near vision he needs a lens of power +1.5 dioptre. What is the focal length of the lens required for correcting (i) distant vision, and (ii) near vision?

Answer:

For the distant vision:

The power of the lens, given P=5.5D

Power( in D)=1f(m)


Hence, the focal length will be:

f=1005.5=18.2 cm


Therefore, the focal length of the lens required for correcting distant vision will be: -18.2 cm (Here, the negative sign of focal length tells us that it is a concave lens).

For near vision:
The power of the lens, given P=+1.5D

Power( in D)=1f(m)


Hence, the focal length will be:

f=100+1.5=66.66 cm


Therefore, the focal length of the lens required for correcting near vision will be: +66.7 cm (Here, the positive sign of focal length tells us that it is a convex lens).

Q.6. The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye. What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem?

Answer:

The myopic person is suffering from near-sightedness, which can be corrected by putting a concave lens in spectacles.

Given that the far point up to which a myopic person can see is 80cm in front of the eye.

Here, this person can see the distant object (kept at infinity) clearly if the image of this distant object is formed at his far point.

So, we have

The object distance, u= (in finity )
The image distance, v=80 cm (far point, in front of the lens).

Hence, substituting the values in the lens formula, we obtain

1v1u=1f1801=1f1f=180

f=80 cm
Therefore, the focal length of the required concave lens will be 80 cm
Now, Power,

Power =1f(m)=10.8=1.25D


Hence, the power of the concave lens required is -1.25 D

Q.7. Make a diagram to show how hypermetropia is corrected. The near point of a hypermetropic eye is 1 m. What is the power of the lens required to correct this defect? Assume that the near point of the normal eye is 25 cm.

Answer:

1644209753983

Given the near point for the hypermetropic eye is 1m.

Assume the near point of the normal eye is 25 cm.

So,

The object distance will be, u=25 cm (Normal near the point)
The image distance, v=1m (Near the point of this defective eye) or -100 cm
Then the focal length can be found from the lens formula:

1v1u=1f


Substituting the values in the equation, we obtain

1100125=1f1+4100=1f3100=1ff=1003=33.3 cm or 0.333 m


Hence, the power of the lens will be:

P=1f(m)=1+0.333 m=+3.0D


Thus, the power of the convex lens required will be +0.3 D

Q.8. Why is a normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm?

Answer:

A normal eye is not able to see objects placed closer than 25 cm clearly because the ciliary muscles have a limit of contraction and relaxation. To see closer objects, the ciliary muscles must decrease the focal length of the eye lens. However, the focal length of the eye lens cannot be decreased below a certain minimum limit. Due to this, our eyes are not able to see objects clearly when placed closer than 25cm.

Q.9. What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye?

Answer:

There is no change to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye. The image is always formed in the retina of our eye.

Q.10. Why do stars twinkle?

Answer:

Stars twinkle because of turbulence in the atmosphere of Earth.

The light from the star is refracted in different directions because of the variable refractive index. This seems to us like the position of stars to be changed slightly and also brightness and position. Hence, the twinkling of stars happens.

Q.11. Explain why the planets do not twinkle.

Answer:

Planets do not twinkle the way stars do. The reason is that stars are so far away that they appear to be a point source of light on the sky, while planets have a finite size and the size of a planet "averages out" the turbulent effects of the atmosphere.

Therefore, we see a relatively stable image of the eye. Hence, twinkling is not observed on planets.

Q.12. Why does the Sun appear reddish early in the morning?

Answer:

At sunrise and sunset, the sun is closer to the horizon. The sunlight near the horizon passes through denser layers of the air and covers a larger distance before reaching our eyes. Most of the blue light gets scattered. The light that reaches our eyes is of longer wavelengths, mainly orange and red. That is why the sun appears red at sunrise and at sunset.

Q.13. Why does the sky appear dark instead of blue to an astronaut?

Answer:

The dark colour is nothing but the absence of light.

The sky appears dark instead of blue to an astronaut because there is no atmosphere in outer space that can scatter the sunlight. As the sunlight is not scattered, no scattered light reaches the eyes of the astronauts the sky appears black to them.

Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - Human Eye and Colourful World: Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions

Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - Human Eye and Colourful World (HOTS Questions) will assess in-depth knowledge and concept application. The questions are not basic ones because they make students develop their own way of thinking about real-life phenomena, such as myopia, dispersion, and atmospheric refraction.

Q1: The angle of a prism is 30 and its refractive index is 2 and one of the surfaces is silvered. At what angle of incidence, a ray be incident on one surface so that after reflection from the silvered surface, it retraces its path?

Answer:

so r1+r2=A and r2=0 Hence r1=30n1sini=n2sinrsini=(2)(1/2)i=45


Q2: One ray of light suffers minimum deviation in an equilateral prism P, additional prisms Q and R of identical shape and made up of the same material shown in the figure. The ray will now suffer ________

Answer:

Atmospheric refraction causes the sun to appear two minutes before it is actually above the horizon (advanced sunrise). Also, we can see the sun for about two minutes even after it is actually below the horizon (delayed sunset). Therefore, the time from sunrise to sunset is increased by about four minutes because of the refraction of light through the Earth's atmosphere. If the Earth had no atmosphere, the length of the day would have been shorter by about four minutes.


Q3: Which of the following are conditions necessary for observing a rainbow?

Answer:

A rainbow occurs due to reflection and refraction occurring from water droplets present in the air. So, to see a rainbow, it should have rained and the Sun should be present.
At the same time, the Sun should be behind the observer. If it is otherwise, only the glare of the Sun will be felt, and no rainbow will be observed.


Q4: A beam of white light falls on a glass prism. The colour of light which undergoes the least bending on passing through the glass prism is :

Answer:

μ= velocity of light in air or vacuum velocity of light in a given medium

The refractive index of violet colour in the glass is greater than the refractive index of red; in other words, the speed of violet is the least in glass, and the speed of red is the highest. So, the red light bends the least while the violet bends the most.


Q5: By how much time would the day have been shorter if the Earth had no atmosphere?

Answer:

Atmospheric refraction causes the sun to appear two minutes before it is actually above the horizon (advanced sunrise). Also, we can see the sun for about two minutes even after it is actually below the horizon (delayed sunset). Therefore, the time from sunrise to sunset is increased by about four minutes because of the refraction of light through the Earth's atmosphere. If the Earth had no atmosphere, the length of the day would have been shorter by about four minutes.


NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - Human Eye and Colourful World: Topics

Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - Human Eye and Colourful World have all the important topics like the structure of the human eye, problems in vision, refraction in air, light scattering and formation of a rainbow. Students can learn the major concepts and successfully pass the exams with the utilisation of these solutions.

10.1 The Human Eye
10.1.1 Power Of Accommodation
10.2 Defects Of Vision And Their Correction
10.3 Refraction Of Light Through A Prism
10.4 Dispersion Of White Light By A Glass Prism
10.5 Atmospheric Refraction
10.6 Scattering Of Light
10.6.1 Tyndall Effect
10.6.2 Why Is The Colour Of The Clear Sky Blue?

Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - Human Eye and Colourful World: Important Formulae

Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - Human Eye and Colourful World question answers also comprise a list of useful formulae on lens and refraction and vision correction. These solutions enable students to better solve numerical questions in less time and practice more in examination preparation.

1. Lens Formula

1f=1v1u
Where:
f= focal length of the lens
v= image distance
u= object distance
(Sign convention applies)

2. Magnification by a Lens

m=hh=vu
Where:
m= magnification
h= height of the image
h= height of the object

3. Refractive Index

n=sinisinr
Or,

n=cv
Where:
i= angle of incidence
r= angle of refraction
c= speed of light in vacuum
v= speed of light in the medium

Approach to Solve Questions of Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - Human Eye and Colourful World

Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - Human Eye and Colourful World, tells about surprising things such as the functioning of the human eye, defects of the vision, refraction in the atmosphere, the scattering of light and natural phenomena like the blue sky and the red sunsets. The best way to solve questions in this chapter is by paying attention to both the clarity of concepts and real-life examples so that both theory-based and reasoning-based answers are accurate.

  • Understand the anatomy of the human eye: Study structures like the cornea, iris, lens, retina, etc.
  • Understand defects and corrections of the eye: Myopia (concave lens), Hypermetropia (convex lens), Presbyopia (bifocal lens).
  • Learn accommodation: The capacity of the eye to accommodate lens shape to focus near and far objects.

  • Understand refraction using a prism: Light is bent and separated into a spectrum (dispersion).

  • Understand the effects of atmospheric refraction: Twinkling of stars, advanced sunrise, and delayed sunset.

  • Understand scattering of light: Blue sky, red sunset phenomenon explained by scattering of shorter and longer wavelengths.

  • Label diagrams clearly: Eye, prism, and spectrum diagrams assist in scoring marks.

  • Practice NCERT questions: In-text and exercise questions often appear in exams.

Benefits of the Human Eye and Colourful World Class 10 Question Answers

The Human Eye and Colourful World Class 10 question answers give the students the step-by-step solutions that are well organised and easy to understand, thus making it easy and efficient to learn concepts such as vision, refraction, dispersion, scattering of light and optical phenomena. Such solutions are made according to the current CBSE syllabus to enable the students to revise, clear doubts easily and enhance their problem-solving ability. Through such solutions, students will be able to find precision, increase confidence, and do better in exams.

  1. Conceptual Clarity: Complex concepts such as accommodation of the eye, scattering of light and dispersion have been explained in a language that anyone can understand, making learning very effective.

  2. Easy Exam Preparation: The in-text and exercise questions are all answered on the basis of the latest CBSE guidelines, which can also help students understand how questions actually appear in the board examination.

  3. Step-by-Step Solutions: Examples of numerical problems on lens formula, magnification and power of lens are clearly provided step-by-step, giving accuracy and confidence.

  4. Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions: The chapter contains additional application-oriented questions that develop analytical abilities and aid in resolving complex questions in exams and competitive tests.

  5. Revision Friendly: The short and organised solutions can be used in a last-minute revision before tests.

  6. Real-Life Connections: Solutions bridges the gap between the knowledge the students read in the textbook and the real world by providing explanations of how rainbows form or why the sky is blue, and why the sun appears to have a red colour during sunset, allowing the students to relate science to real life.

Also, check

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: What is the human eye in Class 10?
A:

The human eye is a human optical instrument which resembles a camera. It helps us to see things by refracting the light through the cornea and the lens, which in turn produces the image on the retina. The retina turns the image into a series of electrical impulses, which are transmitted to the brain by the optic nerve, enabling us to see.

Q: Why do stars twinkle in Class 10 NCERT solutions?
A:

The twinkling is caused by the atmospheric refraction of light in stars. As starlight is refracted through the turbulent atmosphere of the Earth, it is continuously refracted because of the different densities of air and temperatures. This causes alternation of the apparent location of the star, which leads to the twinkling effect.

Q: How can I download NCERT solutions for class 10 Science chapter 10 pdf?
A:

Through the NCERT solutions Class 10 science chapter 10 PDF download facility, download this solution as a webpage to access offline. To get more problems on The Human Eye and The Colourful World, refer to the NCERT exemplar.

Q: How to solve human eye numericals?
A:

The numericals involving the human eye will be solved by first finding out the kind of eye defect. Measure the object distance (u) and image distance (v), and the smallest distance of clear vision was 25 cm, which is the least distance of distinct vision in a normal eye. Use the lens formula (1/f=1/v -1/u) to obtain the focal length (f). Subsequently, P = 1/f (f in meters) to derive the lens power. Lastly, test the sign of P: A positive value means that the lens used is convex to correct hypermetropia, whereas a negative value means that the lens used is concave to correct myopia.

Q: How human eye class 10 solutions is important for the board exam?
A:

The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science's "The Human Eye and the Colorful World" chapter is important for board exams as it covers a key aspect of the Science syllabus. The solutions provide a comprehensive explanation of the concepts, helping students to score well in the subject and prepare for internal assessments and tests. It is a valuable resource for students preparing for board exams.

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Questions related to CBSE Class 10th

On Question asked by student community

Have a question related to CBSE Class 10th ?

To get the previous year question papers you can visit the official website of your board and search under the section of previous year question papers. You can also search on Google for the papers or visit the educational platforms like Careers 360 for the papers. They also provide with the papers and answer key also.

You must be at least 14 years old by December 31st of the year 2027

Since your date of birth is 29 January 2013, you will turn 14 in January 2027, which is before the December 31st deadline for the 2027 exam.

Hence you are eligible..

Good luck!!

Hello,

If you want to get your 10th marksheet online, you just need to visit an official website like https://www.cbse.gov.in/ or https://results.cbse.nic.in/ for the CBSE board, and for the state board, you can check their website and provide your roll number, security PIN provided by the school, and school code to download the result.

I hope it will clear your query!!

Hello, if you are searching for Class 10 books for exam preparation, the right study material can make a big difference. Standard textbooks recommended by the board should be your first priority as they cover the syllabus completely. Along with that, reference books and guides can help in practicing extra questions and understanding concepts in detail. You can check the recommended books for exam preparation from the link I am sharing here.
https://school.careers360.com/ncert/ncert-books-for-class-10
https://school.careers360.com/boards/cbse/cbse-best-reference-books-for-cbse-class-10-exam

Hello Dinesh !

As per CBSE board guidelines for internal assessment for class 10th you will have to give a 80 marks board exam and 20 marks internal assessment. The internal assessment will be at the end of your year.

For knowing the definite structure of the internal assessment you will have to ask your teachers or your seniors in the school as CBSE has provided flexibility in choosing the methods of internal assessment to schools. For more details related to assessment scheme for class 10 given by CBSE you can visit: Assessment scheme (http://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/CurriculumMain2Sec/Curriculum_Sec_2021- 22.pdf)

I Hope you have understood it!