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The human eye is such an organ which helps us to see this beautiful world and understand several interesting phenomena like shining of stars, blue colour of the sky, red appearance of sun during sun rise and sun set etc. The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 10 – The Human Eye and the Colourful World answers all these questions in a simple manner. Based on the latest CBSE syllabus, the chapter includes the concepts of the structure and functioning of the human eye, defects of vision and correction thereof, atmospheric refraction, dispersion of light, scattering of light,etc.The NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science are the best ways to find answers to all the exercise questions provided in the chapter.
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NCERT solutions can be used for revision purposes and make your learning and examination preparation easy. explains in simple steps all the intext and exercise questions, which can enable our students understand complicated topics and get to grips with their board exams and other competitive entrance tests easily.The solutions are easy to understand and help students analyze their understanding of the chapter.
With step-wise answers to all questions in the textbook, the Human Eye and Colourful World NCERT Solutions will make students understand the main points. These class 10 science chapter 10 Human Eye and Colourful World question answers are provided in the form of a free downloadable PDF, which is convenient and easy to revise.
Human Eye and Colourful World NCERT Solutions: Human Eye and the Colourful World (Intext Questions) offers precise explanations by illustrated diagrams to enable students to study certain principles involved in eye functioning, defects of the eyes, atmospheric refraction, and dispersion of light. These step-by-step class 10 science chapter 10 Human Eye and Colourful World question answers enhance clarity of concepts and help in exam preparation.
Q.1. What is meant by the power of accommodation of the eye?
Answer:
The power of accommodation is the ability of an eye to focus near and far objects clearly and make the image on the retina by adjusting its focal length. However, the focal length of the eye lens cannot be decreased below a certain minimum limit.
Q.2. A person with a myopic eye cannot see objects beyond 1.2 m distinctly. What should be the type of corrective lens used to restore proper vision?
Answer:
The correction for a myopic eye should be the concave lens (negative power) to restore proper vision.
Q.3. What are the far point and near point of the human eye with normal vision?
Answer:
The far point of the human eye with normal vision is at infinity, and the near point is 25cm from the eye.
Q.4. A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row. What could be the defect the child is suffering from? How can it be corrected?
Answer:
Since the student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row, he is most likely to suffer from myopia (short-sightedness), i.e., he can see objects clearly but is unable to see distant objects properly.
Hence, it can be corrected by placing the spectacles with concave lenses of appropriate power.
Human Eye and Colourful World Class 10 question answers (Exercise Questions) offer well-structured answers to all textbook questions. These Human Eye and Colourful World class 10 question answers simplify complex topics like vision, refraction, rainbow formation, and scattering of light, making them easier to understand and revise for exams
Q.1. The human eye can focus on objects at different distances by adjusting the focal length of the eye lens. This is due to
(a) presbyopia
(b) Accommodation
(c) near-sightedness
(d) far-sightedness
Answer: (b) Accommodation
Explanation:
It is due to the accommodation of the eye. The human eye can adjust its focal length according to the different distances. Therefore, option (b) is correct.
Q.2. The human eye forms the image of an object at its
(a) cornea
(b) iris
(c) pupil
(d) retina
Answer: (d) retina
Explanation:
The human eye forms the image of an object on its retina. Therefore, the correct option is (d) Retina
Q.3. The least distance of distinct vision for a young adult with normal vision is about
(a) 25 m
(b) 2.5 cm
(c) 25 cm
(d) 2.5 m
Answer: (c) 25 cm
Explanation:
The least distance of distinct vision for a young adult with normal vision is about (c) 25 cm
Q.4. The change in focal length of an eye lens is caused by the action of the
(a) pupil
(b) retina
(c) ciliary muscles
(d) iris
Answer: (c) ciliary muscles
Explanation:
The change in focal length of an eye-lens is caused by the action of the :(c) ciliary muscles
Q.5. A person needs a lens of power -5.5 dioptres for correcting his distant vision. For correcting his near vision, he needs a lens of power +1.5 dioptre. What is the focal length of the lens required for correcting (i) distant vision, and (ii) near vision?
Answer:
For the distant vision:
The power of the lens, given $P=-5.5 \mathrm{D}$
$
\operatorname{Power}(\text { in } D)=\frac{1}{f(m)}
$
Hence, the focal length will be:
$
f=\frac{100}{-5.5}=-18.2 \mathrm{~cm}
$
Therefore, the focal length of the lens required for correcting distant vision will be: -18.2 cm (Here, the negative sign of focal length tells us that it is a concave lens).
For near vision:
The power of the lens, given $P=+1.5 \mathrm{D}$
$
\operatorname{Power}(\text { in } D)=\frac{1}{f(m)}
$
Hence, the focal length will be:
$
f=\frac{100}{+1.5}=66.66 \mathrm{~cm}
$
Therefore, the focal length of the lens required for correcting near vision will be: +66.7 cm (Here, the positive sign of focal length tells us that it is a convex lens).
Q.6. The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye. What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem?
Answer: -1.25 D
Explanation:
The myopic person is suffering from near-sightedness, which can be corrected by putting a concave lens in spectacles.
Given that the far point up to which a myopic person can see is 80cm in front of the eye.
Here, this person can see the distant object (kept at infinity) clearly if the image of this distant object is formed at his far point.
So, we have
The object distance, $u=\infty$ (in finity $)$
The image distance, $v=-80 \mathrm{~cm}$ (far point, in front of the lens).
Hence, substituting the values in the lens formula, we obtain
$
\begin{aligned}
& \frac{1}{v}-\frac{1}{u}=\frac{1}{f} \\
& \Rightarrow \frac{1}{-80}-\frac{1}{\infty}=\frac{1}{f} \\
& \Rightarrow \frac{1}{f}=\frac{1}{-80}
\end{aligned}
$
$ \Rightarrow f=-80 \mathrm{~cm}$
Therefore, the focal length of the required concave lens will be 80 cm
Now, Power,
$
\text { Power }=\frac{1}{f(m)}=\frac{1}{-0.8}=-1.25 \mathrm{D}
$
Hence, the power of the concave lens required is -1.25 D
Q.7. Make a diagram to show how hypermetropia is corrected. The near point of a hypermetropic eye is 1 m. What is the power of the lens required to correct this defect? Assume that the near point of the normal eye is 25 cm.
Answer: +0.3 D
Explanation:

Given the near point for the hypermetropic eye is 1m.
Assume the near point of the normal eye is 25 cm.
So,
The object distance will be, $u=-25 \mathrm{~cm}$ (Normal near the point)
The image distance, $v=-1 m$ (Near the point of this defective eye) or -100 cm
Then the focal length can be found from the lens formula:
$
\frac{1}{v}-\frac{1}{u}=\frac{1}{f}
$
Substituting the values in the equation, we obtain
$
\begin{aligned}
& \Rightarrow \frac{1}{-100}-\frac{1}{-25}=\frac{1}{f} \\
& \Rightarrow \frac{-1+4}{100}=\frac{1}{f} \\
& \Rightarrow \frac{3}{100}=\frac{1}{f} \\
& \Rightarrow f=\frac{100}{3}=33.3 \mathrm{~cm} \text { or } 0.333 \mathrm{~m}
\end{aligned}
$
Hence, the power of the lens will be:
$
P=\frac{1}{f(m)}=\frac{1}{+0.333 \mathrm{~m}}=+3.0 \mathrm{D}
$
Thus, the power of the convex lens required will be +0.3 D
Q.8. Why is a normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm?
Answer:
A normal eye is not able to see objects placed closer than 25 cm because the ciliary muscles have a limit of contraction and relaxation. To see closer objects, the ciliary muscles must decrease the focal length of the eye lens. However, the focal length of the eye lens cannot be decreased below a certain minimum limit. Due to this, our eyes are not able to see objects clearly when placed closer than 25cm.
Q.9. What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye?
Answer:
There is no change to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye. The image is always formed in the retina of our eye.
Q.10. Why do stars twinkle?
Answer:
Stars twinkle because of turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere of the Earth.
The light from the star is refracted in different directions because of the variable refractive index. This seems to us like the position of stars to be changed slightly, and also the brightness and position. Hence, the twinkling of stars happens.
Q.11. Explain why the planets do not twinkle.
Answer:
Planets do not twinkle the way stars do. The reason is that stars are so far away that they appear to be a point source of light on the sky, while planets have finite size and the size of a planet "averages out" the turbulent effects of the atmosphere.
Therefore, we see a relatively stable image of the eye. Hence, twinkling is not observed on planets.
Q.12. Why does the Sun appear reddish early in the morning?
Answer:
At sunrise and sunset, the sun is closer to the horizon. The sunlight near the horizon passes through denser layers of the air and covers a larger distance before reaching our eyes. Most of the blue light gets scattered. The light that reaches our eyes is of longer wavelengths, mainly orange and red. That is why the sun appears red at sunrise and at sunset.
Q.13. Why does the sky appear dark instead of blue to an astronaut?
Answer:
The dark colour is nothing but the absence of light.
The sky appears dark instead of blue to an astronaut because there is no atmosphere in outer space that can scatter the sunlight. As the sunlight is not scattered, no scattered light reaches the eyes of the astronauts the sky appears black to them.
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Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - Human Eye and Colourful World (HOTS Questions) will assess in-depth knowledge and concept application. The questions are not basic ones because they make students develop their own way of thinking about real-life phenomena, such as myopia, dispersion, and atmospheric refraction.
Q1: The angle of a prism is $30^{\circ}$, and its refractive index is $\sqrt{2}$, and one of the surfaces is silvered. At what angle of incidence should a ray be incident on one surface so that after reflection from the silvered surface, it retraces its path?
Answer:

$\begin{aligned} & \text { so } r_1+r_2=A \\ & \text { and } r_2=0 \\ & \text { Hence } r_1=30^{\circ} \\ & n_1 \sin i=n_2 \sin r \\ & \Rightarrow \sin i=(\sqrt{2})(1 / 2) \\ & i=45^{\circ}\end{aligned}$
Q2: One ray of light suffers minimum deviation in an equilateral prism P, additional prisms Q and R of identical shape and made up of the same material, as shown in the figure. The ray will now suffer ________
Answer:
Atmospheric refraction causes the sun to appear two minutes before it is actually above the horizon (advanced sunrise). Also, we can see the sun for about two minutes even after it is actually below the horizon (delayed sunset). Therefore, the time from sunrise to sunset is increased by about four minutes because of the refraction of light through the Earth's atmosphere. If the Earth had no atmosphere, the length of the day would have been shorter by about four minutes.
Q3: Which of the following are conditions necessary for observing a rainbow?
Answer:
A rainbow occurs due to reflection and refraction occurring from water droplets present in the air. So, to see a rainbow, it should have rained, and the Sun should be present.
At the same time, the Sun should be behind the observer. If it is otherwise, only the glare of the Sun will be felt, and no rainbow will be observed.
Q4: A beam of white light falls on a glass prism. The colour of light which undergoes the least bending on passing through the glass prism is :
Answer:
$\mu=\frac{\text { velocity of light in air or vacuum }}{\text { velocity of light in a given medium }}$
The refractive index of violet colour in the glass is greater than the refractive index of red; in other words, the speed of violet is the least in glass, and the speed of red is the highest. So, the red light bends the least while the violet bends the most.
Q5: By how much time would the day have been shorter if the Earth had no atmosphere?
Answer:
Atmospheric refraction causes the sun to appear two minutes before it is actually above the horizon (advanced sunrise). Also, we can see the sun for about two minutes even after it is actually below the horizon (delayed sunset). Therefore, the time from sunrise to sunset is increased by about four minutes because of the refraction of light through the Earth's atmosphere. If the Earth had no atmosphere, the length of the day would have been shorter by about four minutes.
Q6: Explain the refraction of light through a triangular glass prism using a labelled ray diagram. Hence, define the angle of deviation.
Answer:

Here, PE is the incident ray, EF is the refracted ray, and FS is the emergent ray. A ray of light is entering from air to glass at the first surface AB. The light ray on refraction has bent towards the normal. At the second surface AC, the light ray has entered from glass to air. Hence, it has bent away from normal. The specific shape of the prism makes the emergent ray bend at an angle to the direction of the incident ray. This angle is called the angle of deviation. In this case, ∠ D is the angle of deviation. The angle between the incident ray and the emergent ray is called the angle of deviation.
PE $=$ Incident Ray
EF$=$ Refracted ray
FS $=$ Emergent ray
$\angle \mathrm{A}=$ Angle of the prism
$\angle \mathrm{i}=$ Angle of incidence
$\angle \mathrm{r}=$ Angle of refraction
$\angle \mathrm{e}=$ Angle of emergence
$\angle \mathrm{D}=$ Angle of deviation
Q7:
A ray of light is incident on an equilateral glass prism placed on a horizontal table. For minimum deviation which of the following is true ?

1. RS is horizontal
2. Either PQ or RS is horizontal
3. QR is horizontal
4. PQ is horizontal
Answer: 3. QR is horizontal
Explanation:
When the prism is in the position of minimum deviation, the ray inside the prism is parallel to base of the prism.
∴ QR is parallel to base.
Hence, the answer is the option (3).
Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - Human Eye and Colourful World have all the important topics like the structure of the human eye, problems in vision, refraction in air, light scattering and formation of a rainbow. Students can learn the major concepts and successfully pass the exams with the use of these solutions.
10.1 The Human Eye
10.1.1 Power Of Accommodation
10.2 Defects Of Vision And Their Correction
10.3 Refraction Of Light Through A Prism
10.4 Dispersion Of White Light By A Glass Prism
10.5 Atmospheric Refraction
10.6 Scattering Of Light
10.6.1 Tyndall Effect
10.6.2 Why Is The Colour Of The Clear Sky Blue?
Class 10 Science Chapter 10 - Human Eye and Colourful World question answers also comprise a list of useful formulae on lens, refraction and vision correction. These Human Eye and Colourful World class 10 question answers enable students to better solve numerical questions in less time and practice more in examination preparation.
$
\frac{1}{f}=\frac{1}{v}-\frac{1}{u}
$
Where:
$f=$ focal length of the lens
$v=$ image distance
$u=$ object distance
(Sign convention applies)
$
m=\frac{h^{\prime}}{h}=\frac{v}{u}
$
Where:
$m=$ magnification
$h^{\prime}=$ height of the image
$h=$ height of the object
$
n=\frac{\sin i}{\sin r}
$
Or,
$
n=\frac{c}{v}
$
Where:
$i=$ angle of incidence
$r=$ angle of refraction
$c=$ speed of light in vacuum
$v=$ speed of light in the medium
The chapter Human Eye and the Colourful World can make students know how the human eye functions, how we perceive things, and why we see beautiful natural effects, such as the rainbow or the red colour of the sun during sunset or sunrise. The students should pay attention to the concepts of refraction and dispersion of light, the eye mechanisms, vision defects and the ways of their correction to answer questions of this chapter. An effective step-by-step methodology assists in coming up with correct and conceptual answers in exams.
The Human Eye and Colourful World Class 10 question answers give the students the step-by-step solutions that are well organised and easy to understand, thus making it easy and efficient to learn concepts such as vision, refraction, dispersion, scattering of light and optical phenomena. Such solutions are made according to the current CBSE syllabus to enable the students to revise, clear doubts easily and enhance their problem-solving ability. Through class 10 science Human Eye and Colourful World question answers, students will be able to find precision, increase confidence, and do better in exams.
Conceptual Clarity: Complex concepts such as accommodation of the eye, scattering of light and dispersion have been explained in a language that anyone can understand, making learning very effective.
Easy Exam Preparation: The in-text and exercise questions are all answered on the basis of the latest CBSE guidelines, which can help students understand how questions actually appear in the board examination.
Step-by-Step Solutions: Examples of numerical problems on lens formula, magnification and power of lens are clearly provided step-to-step giving accuracy and confidence.
Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions: The chapter contains additional application-oriented questions that develop analytical abilities and aid in resolving complex questions in exams and competitive tests.
Revision Friendly: The short and organised solutions can be used in a last-minute revision before tests.
Real-Life Connections: Solutions bridges the gap between the knowledge the students read in the textbook and the real world by providing explanations of how rainbows form or why the sky is blue and why the sun appears to have a red colour during sunset, allowing the students to relate science to real life.
Class 10 Solutions in Science Chapter 10, Human Eye and Colourful World NCERT Solutions help in preparing the exams by providing step-by-step answers, in which it explains more difficult issues like the structure and functions of the eye, vision defects and correction, as well as the phenomenon of formation of rainbows, twinkling stars, and dispersion of light. The solutions assist the students to attempt the higher-order thinking questions and the difficult numericals, enhance their speed and accuracy in the replies with the well-organised explanations and assure high revision of all the important topics of the CBSE board examinations. These Human Eye and Colourful World NCERT solutions allow students to gain confidence in the future, solve frequent questions, and achieve higher marks in the class examination, as well as the board examination.
Through this chapter, students develop a clear account of the structure and the way the human eye works and the amazing things that have to do with light and colours. Using the Class 10 Science chapter 10 Human Eye and Colourful World solutions, the students will be taught the following main concepts:
This chapter allows students to understand about working of human eye and their ability to view. Chapter describes over various topics like working of human eye, power of accommodation, defects of vision and their correction, atmospheric refraction, scattering of light and dispersion of light. Students learn about natural phenomena like twinkling of stars, blue colour of sky and red colour of Sun at sunrise/sunset. With conceptual and numerical questions, students will be able understand and analyze more of what light does, and how this knowledge appears in everyday life. This chapter includes one exercise with a total of 24 questions, helping students strengthen their understanding of the concepts and improve their problem-solving skills.
The NCERT Solutions of Class 10 Science Chapter 10 explains all the concepts in a very simple way so that the learner finds it easy to revise and prepare for the Examination. This chapter is really an interesting chapter as it gives the idea of working of the human eye and also explains some curious natural effects like twinkling of star’s and scattering of lights. As per the experts, simple but effective understanding of the concepts explained in this chapter helps the learner building good foundation in higher classes, and understand the more complex questions of Physics. This chapter covers the required concepts in the physics that is useful for various competitive exams like NEET etc. Regular practice of the NCERT Solutions of the Class 10 Physics Chapter 10 can enhance the learner’s understanding of concepts, analysis skills and confidence and help them score good marks in the exams.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science provide detailed explanations of every chapter, covering both Physics, Chemistry, and Biology topics. With step-by-step answers, important formulas, and extra practice questions, these solutions help students build strong concepts and prepare effectively for their CBSE board exams.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths and Science provide clear, accurate, and step-by-step answers to textbook questions based on the latest syllabus. These subject-wise solutions help students strengthen concepts, improve problem-solving skills, and prepare confidently for board examinations.
NCERT Notes for Class 10 Maths and Science offer concise and well-organised explanations of important concepts, formulas, and diagrams. These subject-wise notes help students revise quickly, improve conceptual clarity, and strengthen exam preparation.
NCERT Books and the NCERT Syllabus for Class 10 form the core of the CBSE curriculum and ensure concept-based learning. Easy access to these links helps students follow the prescribed textbooks, understand the exam pattern, and prepare systematically for board examinations.
| NCERT Books Class 10 Science |
| NCERT Syllabus Class 10 Science |
| NCERT Books Class 10 |
| NCERT Syllabus Class 10 |
Also, check
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
The iris is the circular opening in the centre of the eye that controls the amount of light entering the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil.
It is the ability of the human eye to adjust its focal length according to the distance of the object viewed. This adjustment ensures that the image is formed clearly on the retina.
What is myopia?
Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is a defect of the eye in which distant objects are blurry and appear in focus only when they are close. It is caused by excessive curvature of the cornea or lens, or the eye being too long. It is corrected using a concave lens.
How is hypermetropia diagnosed and managed?
Stars twinkle as their rays of light are diffused or refracted through Earth’s layers of hot and cold air with varying temperatures.
At sunset and sunrise, the sun’s rays are longer, enabling longer wave light, such as red and orange light to reach your eyes since the shorter waves, like blue and purple, are scattering away during their journey from a very distant vantage point to your eyes.
The sky is blue because it contains molecules that can scatter light more. While light from stars all come at different wavelength, blue light which has shortest wavelength get scattered out all around the atmosphere in all direction.
Presbyopia is the normal, age-related loss of the eye’s ability to focus on close objects. It usually becomes noticeable between the ages of 40 and 45, and it worsens with time. It's most often treated by wearing glasses (reading glasses or bifocal lenses).
For a normal eye, the near point is about 25 cm (10 inches), and the far point is at infinity.
Dispersion is the process whereby a light ray that passes through such a prism will be split into its components. A light beam such as from the sun which consists of various wavelengths (light of different colors) will be sent into the prism at one end. Each color of light will pass through the prism at a different angle, creating an array of colors separated on the opposite side.
Hypermetropia (or hyperopia) is a vision condition where your up-close images appear blurry, and far images are clearly focused. This condition can be corrected with spectacles or contact lenses using a convex lens to appropriately focus light upon your retina.
On Question asked by student community
Hello Ananya,
Please specify the class for which you need the question papers. I am providing Class 10 and 12 papers.
Here are the links to the CBSE Half-yearly Question Papers (2025-2026).
Hello Ananya,
Please specify the class for which you need the question papers. I am providing Class 10 and 12 papers.
Here are the links to the CBSE Half-yearly Question Papers (2025-2026).
Hi Sujal,
Please refer to this article link
https://school.careers360.com/boards/cbse/cbse-class-10-science-last-5-years-question-papers
Hello Pawan,
CBSE Class 10 Mathematics 2026 and previous year question paper:
https://school.careers360.com/boards/cbse/cbse-class-10-question-paper-2026
CBSE Class 12 Mathematics 2026 and previous year question paper:
https://school.careers360.com/boards/cbse/cbse-previous-year-question-papers-class-12-maths
Hello Krishna,
The CBSE Class 10 English previous year question papers with answers are available in PDF format for the last 5 years at the link given below. These papers help practice authentic board exam questions, improve answer writing, and understand the exam pattern.
https://school.careers360.com/boards/cbse/cbse-class-10-english-last-5-years-question-papers
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