NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 8 Exercise 8.1 - Sequences and Series

Question 1: Write the first five terms of each of the sequences in Exercises 1 to 6 whose nth terms are:

$a _n = n ( n +2)$

Answer:

Given : $a _n = n ( n +2)$

$a _1 = 1 ( 1 +2)=3$

$a _2 = 2 ( 2 +2)=8$

$a _3 = 3 ( 3 +2)=15$

$a _4 = 4 ( 4 +2)=24$

$a _5 = 5 ( 5 +2)=35$

Therefore, the required number of terms =3, 8, 15, 24, 35

Question 2: Write the first five terms of each of the sequences in Exercises 1 to 6 whose nthterms are:

$a _n = \frac{n }{n+1}$

Answer:

Given : $a _n = \frac{n }{n+1}$

$a _1 = \frac{1}{1+1}=\frac{1}{2}$

$a _2 = \frac{2}{2+1}=\frac{2}{3}$

$a _3 = \frac{3}{3+1}=\frac{3}{4}$

$a _4 = \frac{4}{4+1}=\frac{4}{5}$

$a _5 = \frac{5}{5+1}=\frac{5}{6}$

Therefore, the required number of terms $\frac{1}{2},\frac{2}{3},\frac{3}{4},\frac{4}{5},\frac{5}{6}$

Question 3: Write the first five terms of each of the sequences in Exercises 1 to 6 whose nth terms are:

$a _ n = 2 ^n$

Answer:

Given : $a _ n = 2 ^n$

$a _ 1 = 2 ^1=2$

$a _ 2 = 2 ^2=4$

$a _ 3 = 2 ^3=8$

$a _ 4 = 2 ^4=16$

$a _ 5 = 2 ^5=32$

Therefore, required number of terms $=2,4,8,16,32.$

Question 4: Write the first five terms of each of the sequences in Exercises 1 to 6 whose nth terms are:

$a _n = \frac{2n-3 }{6}$

Answer:

Given : $a _n = \frac{2n-3 }{6}$

$a _1 = \frac{2\times 1-3 }{6}=\frac{-1}{6}$

$a _2 = \frac{2\times 2-3 }{6}=\frac{1}{6}$

$a _3 = \frac{2\times 3-3 }{6}=\frac{3}{6}=\frac{1}{2}$

$a _4 = \frac{2\times 4-3 }{6}=\frac{5}{6}$

$a _5 = \frac{2\times 5-3 }{6}=\frac{7}{6}$

Therefore, the required number of terms $=\frac{-1}{6},\frac{1}{6},\frac{1}{2},\frac{5}{6},\frac{7}{6}$

Question 5: Write the first five terms of each of the sequences in Exercises 1 to 6 whose nth terms are:

$a _ n = ( -1) ^{n-1} 5 ^{n+1}$

Answer:

Given : $a _ n = ( -1) ^{n-1} 5 ^{n+1}$

$a _ 1 = ( -1) ^{1-1} 5 ^{1+1}=(-1)^{0}.5^2=25$

$a _ 2 = ( -1) ^{2-1} 5 ^{2+1}=(-1)^{1}.5^3=-125$

$a _ 3 = ( -1) ^{3-1} 5 ^{3+1}=(-1)^{2}.5^4= 625$

$a _ 4 = ( -1) ^{4-1} 5 ^{4+1}=(-1)^{3}.5^5= -3125$

$a _ 5 = ( -1) ^{5-1} 5 ^{5+1}=(-1)^{4}.5^6= 15625$

Therefore, the required number of terms $=25,-125,625,-3125,15625$

Question 6: Write the first five terms of each of the sequences in Exercises 1 to 6 whose nth terms are:

$a _n = n \frac{n^2 + 5}{4}$

Answer:

Given : $a _n = n \frac{n^2 + 5}{4}$

$a _1 = 1. \frac{1^2 + 5}{4}=\frac{6}{4}=\frac{3}{2}$

$a _2 = 2. \frac{2^2 + 5}{4}=\frac{18}{4}=\frac{9}{2}$

$a _3 = 3. \frac{3^2 + 5}{4}=\frac{42}{4}=\frac{21}{2}$

$a _4 = 4. \frac{4^2 + 5}{4}=\frac{84}{4}=21$

$a _5 = 5. \frac{5^2 + 5}{4}=\frac{150}{4}=\frac{75}{2}$

Therefore, the required number of terms $=\frac{3}{2},\frac{9}{2},\frac{21}{2},21,\frac{75}{2}$

Question 7: Find the indicated terms in each of the sequences in Exercises 7 to 10 whose nth terms are:

$a _ n = 4 n - 3 ; a _{17} , a _{24}$

Answer:

$a _ n = 4 n - 3$

Put $n=17,$

$a {1_7 }= 4 (17) - 3=68-3=65$

Put n=24,

$a _ {24 }= 4 (24) - 3=96-3=93$

Hence, we have $a_{17}=65\, \, and\, \, a _ {24 }=93$

Question 8: Find the indicated terms in each of the sequences in Exercises 7 to 10 whose nth terms are

$a _n = \frac{n^2 }{2^n } ; a_7$

Answer:

Given : $a _n = \frac{n^2 }{2^n }$

Put n=7,

$a _7 = \frac{7^2 }{2^7 } =\frac{49}{128}$

Heence, we have $a _7 =\frac{49}{128}$

Question 9: Find the indicated terms in each of the sequences in Exercises 7 to 10 whose nth terms are:

$a _ n = ( -1) ^{n-1} n ^ 3 , a _9$

Answer:

Given : $a _ n = ( -1) ^{n-1} n ^ 3$

Put n =9,

$a _ 9 = ( -1) ^{9-1} 9 ^ 3= (1).(729)=729$

The value of $a _ 9 =729$

Question 10: Find the indicated terms in each of the sequences in Exercises 7 to 10 whose nth terms are:

$a _n = \frac{n ( n-2)}{ n+3 }; a _{20}$

Answer:

Given : $a _n = \frac{n ( n-2)}{ n+3 }$

Put n=20,

$a_{20}=\frac{20(20-2)}{20+3}=\frac{360}{23}$

Hence, value of $a_{20}=\frac{360}{23}$

Question 11: Write the first five terms of each of the sequences in Exercises 11 to 13 and obtain the corresponding series:

$a_1 = 3, a_n = 3a_{n - 1} + 2\: \: for \: \: all \: \: n > 1$

Answer:

Given : $a_1 = 3, a_n = 3a_{n - 1} + 2\: \: for \: \: all \: \: n > 1$

$a_2 = 3a_{2 - 1} + 2=3a_1+2=3(3)+2=11$

$a_3 = 3a_{3 - 1} + 2=3a_2+2=3(11)+2=35$

$a_4 = 3a_{4 - 1} + 2=3a_3+2=3(35)+2=107$

$a_5 = 3a_{5 - 1} + 2=3a_4+2=3(107)+2=323$

Hence, five terms of series are $3,11,35,107,323$

Series $=3+11+35+107+323+...............$

Question 12: Write the first five terms of each of the sequences in Exercises 11 to 13 and obtain the corresponding series:

$a _ 1 = -1 , a _ n = \frac{a_{n-1}}{n} , n \geq 2$

Answer:

Given : $a _ 1 = -1 , a _ n = \frac{a_{n-1}}{n} , n \geq 2$

$a _ 2 = \frac{a_{2-1}}{2} =\frac{a_1}{2}=\frac{-1}{2}$

$a _ 3 = \frac{a_{3-1}}{3} =\frac{a_2}{3}=\frac{-1}{6}$

$a _ 4 = \frac{a_{4-1}}{4} =\frac{a_3}{4}=\frac{-1}{24}$

$a _ 5 = \frac{a_{5-1}}{5} =\frac{a_4}{5}=\frac{-1}{120}$

Hence, five terms of series are $-1,\frac{-1}{2},\frac{-1}{-6},\frac{-1}{24},\frac {-1}{120}$

Series

$=-1+\frac{-1}{2}+\frac{-1}{-6}+\frac{-1}{24}+\frac {-1}{120}.........................$

Question 13: Write the first five terms of each of the sequences in Exercises 11 to 13 and obtain the corresponding series: $a_1 = a_2 = 2, a_n = a_{n - 1}-1, n > 2$

Answer:

Given : $a_1 = a_2 = 2, a_n = a_{n - 1}-1, n > 2$

$a_3 = a_{3 - 1}-1=a_2-1=2-1=1$

$a_4 = a_{4 - 1}-1=a_3-1=1-1=0$

$a_5 = a_{5 - 1}-1=a_4-1=0-1=-1$

Hence, five terms of series are $2,2,1,0,-1$

Series $=2+2+1+0+(-1)+..................$

Question 14: The Fibonacci sequence is defined by $1 = a _ 1 = a _2 \: \:and \: \: a _n = a _{n-1} + a _{n-2} , n > 2$

Find$\frac{a _{n+1}}{a_n}$, for n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Answer:

Given : The Fibonacci sequence is defined by $1 = a _ 1 = a _2 \: \:and \: \: a _n = a _{n-1} + a _{n-2} , n > 2$

$a _3 = a _{3-1} + a _{3-2} =a_2+a_1=1+1=2$

$a _4 = a _{4-1} + a _{4-2} =a_3+a_2=2+1=3$

$a _5 = a _{5-1} + a _{5-2} =a_4+a_3=3+2=5$

$a _6 = a _{6-1} + a _{6-2} =a_5+a_4=5+3=8$

$For \,\,n=1,\frac{a _{n+1}}{a_n}=\frac {a_{1+1}}{a_1}=\frac{a_2}{a_1}=\frac{1}{1}=1$

$For \,\, n=2,\frac{a _{n+1}}{a_n}=\frac {a_{2+1}}{a_2}=\frac{a_3}{a_2}=\frac{2}{1}=2$

$For \,\, n=3,\frac{a _{n+1}}{a_n}=\frac {a_{3+1}}{a_3}=\frac{a_4}{a_3}=\frac{3}{2}$

$For \,\, n=4,\frac{a _{n+1}}{a_n}=\frac {a_{4+1}}{a_4}=\frac{a_5}{a_4}=\frac{5}{3}$

$For \,\, n=5,\frac{a _{n+1}}{a_n}=\frac {a_{5+1}}{a_5}=\frac{a_6}{a_5}=\frac{8}{5}$