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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 7 Permutation and Combinations are provided here. Permutation means an arrangement where order matters and a combination means choosing a group of items where order doesn't matter. In this NCERT chapter, you will get NCERT solutions for class 11 maths chapter 7 permutation and combinations. These NCERT Solutions are prepared keeping in mind latest CBSE syllabus 2023 by the Careers360 subjects experts. Students can practice these solutions to get a good hold in the concepts. Here you will get NCERT solutions for class 11 also.
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Let's consider 6 pants and 3 shirts, how many pairs you can wear? Suppose the pants are represented by p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,p6 and shirt by s1, s2, s3 then the possible pairs are (p1,s1), (p1,s2), (p1,s3), (p2,s1), (p2,s2), (p2,s3), (p3,s1), (p3,s2), (p3,s3), (p4,s1), (p4,s2), (p4,s3), (p5,s1), (p5,s2), (p5,s3), (p6,s1), (p6,s2), (p6,s3). So 18 pairs can be made. If this number is much higher, then how will you proceed to solve this type of problem? In solutions of NCERT for class 11 maths chapter 7 permutation and combinations, you will learn to solve this type of problem in a systematic manner. Without listing the pairs we can simply say that pairs are possible. This chapter 7 class 11 maths starts with the fundamental principle of counting and then moves to the concepts of permutation and combinations. These concepts ch 7 maths class 11 are useful in solving many real-life problems related to selection and arrangement.
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Factorial:
Factorial is the continued product of the first n natural numbers and is denoted by n!.
The formula for factorial is n! = n(n – 1)(n – 2)… 3 × 2 × 1.
Special cases are 0! = 1 and 1! = 1.
Permutations:
Permutations refer to the various arrangements that can be constructed from a set of things.
The number of arrangements of n objects taken r at a time (where 0 < r ≤ n) is denoted by nPr.
The formula for permutations is nPr = n! / (n−r)!.
Permutations with Repeated Elements:
When dealing with permutations of n objects, where p1 are of one kind, p2 are of the second kind, and so on (such that p1 + p2 + p3 + … + pk = n), the formula for permutations is n! / (p1! p2! p3! ….. pk!).
Combinations:
Combinations are selections formed by taking some or all of a number of objects, regardless of their arrangement.
The number of r objects chosen from a set of n objects is indicated by nCr.
The formula for combinations is nCr = n! / (r!(n−r)!).
Relation Between Permutations and Combinations:
The relationship between permutations and combinations is given by two theorems:
Free download NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 7 Permutation and Combinations for CBSE Exam.
Permutation and combinations class 11 questions and answers - Exercise: 7.1
Question:1(i) How many 3-digit numbers can be formed from the digits 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 assuming that
repetition of the digits is allowed?
Answer:
The five digits are 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
As we know that repetition of the digits is allowed,
so , unit place can be filled by any of five digits.
Similarly , tens and hundreds digits can also be filled by any of five digits.
Number of 3-digit numbers can be formed
Question:1(ii) How many 3-digit numbers can be formed from the digits 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 assuming that
repetition of the digits is not allowed?
Answer:
The five digits are 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
As we know that repetition of the digits is not allowed,
so, the unit place can be filled by any of five digits.
Tens place can be filled with any of the remaining four digits.
Hundreds place can be filled with any of the remaining three digits.
Number of 3-digit numbers can be formed when repetition is not allowed
Answer:
The six digits are 1, 2, 3, 4 ,5 and 6
As we know that repetition of the digits is allowed,
so, the unit place can be filled by any of even digits i.e.2,4 or 6
Similarly, tens and hundreds of digits can also be filled by any of six digits.
Number of 3-digit even numbers can be formed
Answer:
There are 10 letters of English alphabets.
As we know that repetition of the letters is not allowed,
so, the first place can be filled by any of 10 letters.
Second place can be filled with any of the remaining 9 letters.
Third place can be filled with any of the remaining 8 letters.
The fourth place can be filled with any of the remaining 7 letters.
Number of 4-letter code can be formed when the repetition of letters is not allowed
Hence, 5040 4-letter codes can be formed using the first 10 letters of the English alphabet, if no letter can be repeated.
Answer:
It is given that 5-digit telephone numbers always start with 67.
First, two digits among 5-digit telephone numbers are fixed and rest 3 digits are variable.
The 10 digits are from 0 to 9.
As we know that repetition of the digits is not allowed,
so, the first and second place is filled by two digits 67
Third place can be filled with any of the remaining 8 digits.
The fourth place can be filled with any of the remaining 7 digits.
The fifth place can be filled with any of the remaining 6 digits.
Number of 5-digit telephone numbers can be formed when repetition is not allowed
Question:5 A coin is tossed 3 times and the outcomes are recorded. How many possible outcomes are there?
Answer:
When a coin is tossed the number of outcomes is 2 i.e. head or tail.
When a coin is tossed 3 times then by multiplication principle,
the number of outcomes
Answer:
Each signal requires use of 2 flags.
There will be as many flags as there are ways of filling in 2 vacant places in succession by the given 5 flags of different colours.
The upper vacant place can be filled in 5 different ways with any of 5 flags and lower vacant place can be filled in 4 different ways by any of rest 4 flags.
Hence, by multiplication principle number of different signals that can be generated
Class 11 maths chapter 7 question answer - Exercise: 7.2
Class 11 maths chapter 7 question answer - Exercise: 7.3
Question:1 How many 3-digit numbers can be formed by using the digits 1 to 9 if no digit is repeated?
Answer:
3-digit numbers have to be formed by using the digits 1 to 9.
Here, the order of digits matters.
Therefore, there will be as many 3-digit numbers as there are permutations of 9 different digits taken 3 at a time.
Therefore, the required number of 3-digit numbers
Question:2 How many 4-digit numbers are there with no digit repeated?
Answer:
The thousands place of 4-digit numbers has to be formed by using the digits 1 to 9(0 cannot be included).
Therefore, the number of ways in which thousands place can be filled is 9.
Hundreds,tens, unit place can be filled by any digits from 0 to 9.
The digit cannot be repeated in 4-digit numbers and thousand places is occupied with a digit.
Hundreds, tens, unit place can be filled by remaining any 9 digits.
Therefore, there will be as many 3-digit numbers as there are permutations of 9 different digits taken 3 at a time.
Therefore, the required number of 3-digit numbers
Thus, by multiplication principle, required 4 -digit numbers is
Answer:
3-digit even numbers can be made using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, if no digit is repeated.
The unit place can be filled in 3 ways by any digits from 2,4 or 6.
The digit cannot be repeated in 3-digit numbers and the unit place is occupied with a digit(2,4 or 6).
Hundreds, tens place can be filled by remaining any 5 digits.
Therefore, there will be as many 2-digit numbers as there are permutations of 5 different digits taken 2 at a time.
Therefore, the required number of 2-digit numbers
Thus, by multiplication principle, required 3 -digit numbers is
Answer:
4-digit numbers that can be formed using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4,5.
Therefore, there will be as many 4-digit numbers as there are permutations of 5 different digits taken 4 at a time.
Therefore, the required number of 4-digit numbers
4-digit even numbers can be made using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 if no digit is repeated.
The unit place can be filled in 2 ways by any digits from 2 or 4.
The digit cannot be repeated in 4-digit numbers and the unit place is occupied with a digit(2 or 4).
Thousands, hundreds, tens place can be filled by remaining any 4 digits.
Therefore, there will be as many 3-digit numbers as there are permutations of 4 different digits taken 3 at a time.
Therefore, the required number of 3-digit numbers
Thus, by multiplication principle, required 4 -digit numbers is
Answer:
From a committee of 8 persons, chairman and a vice chairman are to be chosen assuming one person can not hold more than one position.
Therefore,number of ways of choosing a chairman and a vice chairman is permutations of 8 different objects taken 2 at a time.
Therefore, required number of ways
Question:7(i) Find r if
Answer:
Given :
To find the value of r.
We know that
where
Thus the value of,
Answer:
There are 8 different letters in word EQUATION.
Therefore, words, with or without meaning, can be formed using all the letters of the word EQUATION, using each letter exactly once
is permutations of 8 different letters taken 8 at a time, which is
Hence, the required number of words formed
Answer:
There are 6 letters in word MONDAY.
Therefore, words that can be formed using 4 letters of the word MONDAY.
Hence, the required number of words formed using 4 letters
Question:9(ii) How many words, with or without meaning can be made from the letters of the word MONDAY, assuming that no letter is repeated, if.
all letters are used at a time
Answer:
There are 6 letters in word MONDAY.
Therefore, words that can be formed using all 6 letters of the word MONDAY.
Hence, the required number of words formed using 6 letters at a time
Question:9(iii) How many words, with or without meaning can be made from the letters of the word MONDAY, assuming that no letter is repeated, if.
all letters are used but first letter is a vowel?
Answer:
There are 6 letters and 2 vowels in word MONDAY.
Therefore, the right most position can be filled by any of these 2 vowels in 2 ways.
Remaining 5 places of the word can be filled using any of rest 5 letters of the word MONDAY.
Hence, the required number of words formed using 5 letters at a time
Words formed starting from vowel using 6 letters
Question:10 In how many of the distinct permutations of the letters in MISSISSIPPI do the four I’s not come together?
Answer:
In the given word MISSISSIPPI, I appears 4 times, S appears 4 times, M appears 1 time and P appear 2 times.
Therefore, the number of distinct permutations of letters of the given word is
There are 4 I's in the given word. When they occur together they are treated as a single object for the time being. This single object with the remaining 7 objects will be 8 objects.
These 8 objects in which there are 4Ss and 2Ps can be arranged in ways.
The number of arrangement where all I's occur together = 840.
Hence, the distinct permutations of the letters in MISSISSIPPI in which the four I's do not come together
Question:11(i) In how many ways can the letters of the word PERMUTATIONS be arranged if the
words start with P and end with S?
Answer:
There are 2 T's in word PERMUTATIONS, all other letters appear at once only.
If words start with P and ending with S i.e. P and S are fixed, then 10 letters are left.
The required number of arrangements are
Question:11(ii) In how many ways can the letters of the word PERMUTATIONS be arranged if the
Answer:
There are 5 vowels in word PERMUTATIONS and each appears once.
Since all 5 vowels are to occur together so can be treated as 1 object.
The single object with the remaining 7 objects will be 8 objects.
The 8 objects in which 2 T's repeat can be arranged as
ways.
These 5 vowels can also be arranged in ways.
Hence, using the multiplication principle, the required number of arrangements are
ways.
Question:11(iii) In how many ways can the letters of the word PERMUTATIONS be arranged if the
there are always 4 letters between P and S?
Answer:
The letters of the word PERMUTATIONS be arranged in such a way that there are always 4 letters between P and S.
Therefore, in a way P and S are fixed. The remaining 10 letters in which 2 T's are present can be arranged in
ways.
Also, P and S can be placed such that there are 4 letters between them in ways.
Therefore, using the multiplication principle required arrangements
Permutation and combinations class 11 NCERT solutions - Exercise: 7.4
Question:1 If find
Answer:
Given :
We know that
Thus the answer is 45
Question:3 How many chords can be drawn through 21 points on a circle?
Answer:
To draw chords 2 points are required on the circle.
To know the number of chords on the circle , when points on the circle are 21.
Combinations =Number of chords
Question:4 In how many ways can a team of 3 boys and 3 girls be selected from 5 boys and 4 girls?
Answer:
A team of 3 boys and 3 girls be selected from 5 boys and 4 girls.
3 boys can be selected from 5 boys in ways.
3 girls can be selected from 4 boys in ways.
Therefore, by the multiplication principle, the number of ways in which a team of 3 boys and 3 girls can be selected
Answer:
There are 6 red balls, 5 white balls and 5 blue balls.
9 balls have to be selected in such a way that consists of 3 balls of each colour.
3 balls are selected from 6 red balls in .
3 balls are selected from 5 white balls in
3 balls are selected from 5 blue balls in .
Hence, by the multiplication principle, the number of ways of selecting 9 balls
Answer:
In a deck, there is 4 ace out of 52 cards.
A combination of 5 cards is to be selected containing exactly one ace.
Then, one ace can be selected in ways and other 4 cards can be selected in ways.
Hence, using the multiplication principle, required the number of 5 card combination
Answer:
Out off, 17 players, 5 are bowlers.
A cricket team of 11 is to be selected such that there are exactly 4 bowlers.
4 bowlers can be selected in ways and 7 players can be selected in ways.
Thus, using multiplication priciple, number of ways of selecting the team
Answer:
A bag contains 5 black and 6 red balls.
2 black balls can be selected in ways and 3 red balls can be selected in ways.
Thus, using multiplication priciple, number of ways of selecting 2 black and 3 red balls
Answer:
9 courses are available and 2 specific courses are compulsory for every student.
Therefore, every student has to select 3 courses out of the remaining 7 courses.
This can be selected in ways.
Thus, using multiplication priciple, number of ways of selecting courses
Permutation and combinations class 11 solutions - Miscellaneous Exercise
Answer:
In the word DAUGHTER, we have
vowels = 3(A,E,U)
consonants = 5(D,G,H,T,R)
Number of ways of selecting 2 vowels
Number of ways of selecting 3 consonants
Therefore, the number of ways of selecting 2 vowels and 3 consonants
Each of these 30 combinations of 2 vowels and 3 consonants can be arranged in ways.
Thus, the required number of different words
Answer:
In the word EQUATION, we have
vowels = 5(A,E,I,O,U)
consonants = 3(Q,T,N)
Since all the vowels and consonants occur together so (AEIOU) and (QTN) can be assumed as single objects.
Then, permutations of these two objects taken at a time
Corresponding to each of these permutations, there are permutations for vowels and permutations for consonants.
Thus, by multiplication principle, required the number of different words
Question:3(i) A committee of 7 has to be formed from 9 boys and 4 girls. In how many ways can this be done when the committee consists of:
Answer:
There are 9 boys and 4 girls. A committee of 7 has to be formed.
Given : Girls =3, so boys in committee= 7-3=4
Thus, the required number of ways
Question:3(ii) A committee of 7 has to be formed from 9 boys and 4 girls. In how many ways can this be done when the committee consists of:
Answer:
There are 9 boys and 4 girls. A committee of 7 has to be formed.
(ii) at least 3 girls, there can be two cases :
(a) Girls =3, so boys in committee= 7-3=4
Thus, the required number of ways
(b) Girls =4, so boys in committee= 7-4=3
Thus, the required number of ways
Hence, in this case, the number of ways = 504+84=588
Question:3(iii) A committee of 7 has to be formed from 9 boys and 4 girls. In how many ways can this be done when the committee consists of:
Answer:
There are 9 boys and 4 girls. A committee of 7 has to be formed.
(ii) atmost 3 girls, there can be 4 cases :
(a) Girls =0, so boys in committee= 7-0=7
Thus, the required number of ways
(b) Girls =1, so boys in committee= 7-1=6
Thus, the required number of ways
(c) Girls =2, so boys in committee= 7-2=5
Thus, the required number of ways
(d) Girls =3, so boys in committee= 7-3=4
Thus, the required number of ways
Hence, in this case, the number of ways = 36+336+756+504=1632
Answer:
In the word EXAMINATION, we have 11 letters out of which A,I, N appear twice and all other letters appear once.
The word that will be listed before the first word starting with E will be words starting with A.
Therefore, to get the number of words starting with A, letter A is fixed at extreme left position, the remaining 10 letters can be arranged.
Since there are 2 I's and 2 N's in the remaining 10 letters.
Number of words starting with A
Thus, the required number of different words = 907200
Answer:
For the number to be divisible by 10, unit digit should be 0.
Thus, 0 is fixed at a unit place.
Therefore, the remaining 5 places should be filled with 1,3,5,7,9.
The remaining 5 vacant places can be filled in ways.
Hence, the required number of 6 digit numbers which are divisible by 10
Answer:
Two different vowels and 2 different consonants are to be selected from the English alphabets.
Since there are 5 different vowels so the number of ways of selecting two different vowels =
Since there are 21 different consonants so the number of ways of selecting two different consonants =
Therefore, the number of combinations of 2 vowels and 2 consonants
Each of these 2100 combinations has 4 letters and these 4 letters arrange among themselves in ways.
Hence, the required number of words
Answer:
It is given that a question paper consists of 12 questions divided in two parts i.e., Part I and Part II, containing 5 and 7 questions, respectively.
A student is required to attempt 8 questions in all, selecting at least 3 from each part.
This can be done as follows:
(i) 3 questions from part I and 5 questions from part II
(ii) 4 questions from part I and 4 questions from part II
(iii) 5 questions from part I and 3 questions from part II
3 questions from part I and 5 questions from part II can be selected in ways.
4 questions from part I and 4 questions from part II can be selected in ways.
5 questions from part I and 3 questions from part II can be selected in ways.
Hence, required number of ways of selecting questions :
Answer:
From a deck of 52 cards, 5 cards combinations have to be made in such a way that in each selection of 5 cards there is exactly 1 king.
Number of kings =4
Number of ways of selecting 1 king
4 cards from the remaining 48 cards are selected in ways.
Thus, the required number of 5 card combinations
Answer:
It is required to seat 5 men and 4 women in a row so that the women occupy the even places.
The 5 men can be seated in ways.
4 women can be seated at cross marked places (so that women occupy even places)
Therefore, women can be seated in ways.
Thus, the possible arrangements
Answer:
From a class of 25 students, 10 are to be chosen for an excursion party.
There are 3 students who decide that either all of them will join or none of them will join, there are two cases :
The case I: All 3 off them join.
Then, the remaining 7 students can be chosen from 22 students in ways.
Case II : All 3 of them do not join.
Then,10 students can be chosen from 22 students in ways.
Thus, the required number of ways for the excursion of party
Question:11 In how many ways can the letters of the word ASSASSINATION be arranged so that all the S’s are together?
Answer:
In the word ASSASSINATION, we have
number of S =4
number of A =3
number of I= 2
number of N =2
Rest of letters appear at once.
Since all words have to be arranged in such a way that all the S are together so we can assume SSSS as an object.
The single object SSSS with other 9 objects is counted as 10.
These 10 objects can be arranged in (we have 3 A's,2 I's,2 N's)
ways.
Hence, requires a number of ways of arranging letters
Interested students can find class 11 maths ch 7 question answer of all exercises here.
Permutation and Combination Class 11 exercise 7.1 6 Questions
Permutation and Combination Class 11 exercise 7.2 5 Questions
Permutation and Combination Class 11 exercise 7.3 11 Questions
Permutation and Combination Class 11 exercise 7.4 9 Questions
Permutation and Combination Class 11 miscellaneous exercise 11 Questions
chapter-1 | Sets |
chapter-2 | Relations and Functions |
chapter-3 | Trigonometric Functions |
chapter-4 | Principle of Mathematical Induction |
chapter-5 | Complex Numbers and Quadratic equations |
chapter-6 | Linear Inequalities |
chapter-7 | Permutation and Combinations |
chapter-8 | Binomial Theorem |
chapter-9 | Sequences and Series |
chapter-10 | Straight Lines |
chapter-11 | Conic Section |
chapter-12 | Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry |
chapter-13 | Limits and Derivatives |
chapter-14 | Mathematical Reasoning |
chapter-15 | Statistics |
chapter-16 | Probability |
Prepared by Experts: The material for ch 7 maths class 11 solutions has been prepared by subject matter experts who have extensive experience in teaching Mathematics.
Prepared Keeping in Latest Syllabus of CBSE: The material for maths chapter 7 class 11 has been designed according to the latest syllabus prescribed by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) for Class 11 Maths.
Easy and Simple Language: The language used in class 11 chapter 7 material is easy to understand and simple, making it easy for students to grasp the concepts and apply them in problem-solving.
NCERT solutions for class 11 biology |
NCERT solutions for class 11 maths |
NCERT solutions for class 11 chemistry |
NCERT solutions for Class 11 physics |
There are some important formulas in NCERT solutions for class 11 maths chapter 7 permutation and combinations which you should remember:
In simple words, a permutation is the number of possible arrangments within a fixed group where order matters and to calculate permutation you can use the formula mentioned below.
In simple words, the combinations mean how many groups can be formed from a large number of people. Here you are not considering the order as you are just forming groups from a large group. To calculate the combinations you can use the formula mentioned below.
In this chapter, there are 11 problems in miscellaneous exercise. To get command on this chapter you should solve miscellaneous exercise too. In permutation and combinations NCERT solutions, you will get solutions to miscellaneous exercise too. This chapter very important for the probability which you will be studying in class 11 and 12 both.
Happy Reading !!!
The fundamental principle of counting, permutations, and combinations are covered in this NCERT Book chapter. you can also go through NCERT Syllabus, where you can find important topics enumerated in this chapter permutation and combination class 11.
the chapter permutation and combination solutions discuses fundamental concepts such as permutations refer to the various arrangements of a set of elements or numbers, whereas combinations represent a specific arrangement of distinct elements. The primary concepts that form the basis of these concepts are the fundamental theorem of counting, which states that if there are 'n' ways of one event occurring and 'm' ways of another event occurring, then the total number of occurrences can be found by multiplying n and m. The second concept pertains to the number of permutations of 'n' distinct elements taken 'r' at a time without repetition, which can be expressed as nPr. In cases where repetition is allowed, this is denoted as nr.
The permutation and combination class 11 ncert solutions contains four exercises and one miscellaneous exercise which are listed below.
Permutation and Combination Class 11 exercise 7.1 6 Questions
Permutation and Combination Class 11 exercise 7.2 5 Questions
Permutation and Combination Class 11 exercise 7.3 11 Questions
Permutation and Combination Class 11 exercise 7.4 9 Questions
Permutation and Combination Class 11 miscellaneous exercise 11 Questions
Here students can get the detailed NCERT solutions for class 11 maths by clicking on the link. After practicing these solutions students can get confidence on the concepts that lead to good score in the cbse exam. The chapter maths class 11 chapter 7 is also foundation for multiple chapters such as probability and statistics therefore students should practice. Students can study permutation and combination class 11 pdf both online and offline mode.
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