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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 Heredity
Edited By Irshad Anwar | Updated on Apr 16, 2025 06:21 PM IST | #CBSE Class 10th
NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Science Chapter 8 Heredity: - Heredity talks about the laws of inheritance and variation and how characteristics are inherited from generation to generation. It discusses some of the major topics like Mendel's laws of inheritance, dominant and recessive characteristics, sex determination, and genetic variation. Referring to the Biology NCERT Solutions for Heredity Class 10 Science Chapter 8, we will know that there are several things that we genetically get from our parents. Such as the colour of eyes, curly hair, etc.
This Story also Contains
- Download the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 Heredity PDF
- Heredity Class 10 NCERT Solutions (In-Text Exercise Questions)
- Access Answers to NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Chapter 8 Heredity (Chapter-End Exercise)
- Important Formulas and Diagrams + eBook link : NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science
- Heredity Class 10 NCERT Solutions - Weightage in Board Exams
- Heredity Class 10 Solutions - Important Topics
- Practice Questions of Chapter 8 Heredity
- CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science - Chapter-wise
LiveCBSE Class 10 Result (OUT) 2025 LIVE: Trivandrum, Vijaywada performs best; top scorers, calculate percentageMay 13, 2025 | 10:41 PM ISTRead More
The CBSE is yet to announce the date for the supplementary exams. However, according to official reports, the supplementary exam date sheet is expected to be released in mid-July.
The chapter explains complex genetic concepts through diagrams and examples, making them easy to understand. Students also learn how heredity and environment affect the development of an organism. These concepts are important in understanding the basics of genetics and evolution. As per the CBSE Syllabus 2024–25, this chapter has been renumbered as Chapter 8 in the latest NCERT Textbook. It is suggested to go through NCERT Solutions for Class 10 to score good marks in the exams. In addition to this, they must complete the NCERT Class 10 Science syllabus at the earliest possible time to revise it in a better way. Read further to know the heredity class 10 ncert solutions and other topics in detail.
Download the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 Heredity PDF
Get easy access to solutions that cover all important concepts from the chapter, which is available in a free downloadable PDF format below.
Also Read,
Heredity Class 10 NCERT Solutions (In-Text Exercise Questions)
So, basically in this section, we will see the NCERT In Text Questions. In-text questions are one of the most important parts of understanding the topics. Students must go through this One of the concepts of heredity
Topic 8.1, Page Number 129
Answer:
Trait B is more likely to have arisen earlier because it has a higher percentage of the population and in asexual reproduction, traits are carried over to the next generation with minimal changes in the traits.
For example, all the sugarcanes in the field that reproduce asexually, have almost similar characteristics, however, the animals and humans which reproduce sexually, have more chances of traits in the next generation.
Q. 2. How does the creation of variations in a species promote survival?
Answer:
Variation in our characteristics occurs due to sexual reproduction and inaccurate copying of DNA. The varied characteristics that fit for survival pass on to the next generation more easily and the characteristics that are not favourable for survival will vanish after some generation.
Favourable variations help a species to adapt to changes in its environment and they promote the survival of a species.
Class 10 Heredity Solutions: Topic 8.2 Solutions, Page Number 133
Q. 1. How do Mendel’s experiments show that traits may be dominant or recessive?
Answer:
Mendel conducted many experiments by crossing the Tall plants and Short plants. he found that the trait Tall which appears in the first generation also appeared in the second generation with 75 % in number. and the trait short appeared in the second generation by 25% in number. Hence he concluded that trait Tall is Dominant and the trait Short is recessive.
in other words:
Tall + Tall = Tall
Tall + Short = Tall
Short + Tall = Tall
Short + Short = Short
As we can see there are 3 out of 4 Tall in the Next Generation. Hence it is a dominant trait.
Hence by this experiment, he showed that traits can be Dominant or Recessive.
Q. 2. How do Mendel’s experiments show that traits are inherited independently?
Answer:
In Mandel's one of the experiments, he crossed the Pure breeding Tall plants having round seed with Short plants having wrinkled seed. here he found some of the new traits like Tall plants having wrinkled seeds and Short plants having round seeds.
Tall and Round + Short and Wrinkled = Tall and Round + Tall and Wrinkled +Short and Wrinkled + Short and Round
( Previous Trait) (New Trait) (Previous Trait ) (New Trait)
Those new traits would not have been there if traits were inherently dependent.
Hence he concluded that traits are inherited independently
Answer:
No, This information is not sufficient to conclude any trait is dominant or recessive. this is because we don't know the blood group of all offspring.
The given blood group A can be AA or AO, so we can't really draw any conclusion from it.
Q. 4. How is the sex of the child determined in human beings?
Answer:
Half the male gametes have X-chromosomes and the other half have Y-chromosomes human male has one X-chromosome and one Y-chromosome. In other words, The human male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome On the other hand, all-female gametes have only X chromosomes. If a sperm carrying a Y-chromosome fertilizes an ovum then the child born will be a boy.
On the other hand, if a sperm carrying X-chromosomes fertilizes an ovum then the child born will be a girl.
X + X = Girl
X + Y = Boy.
Access Answers to NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Chapter 8 Heredity (Chapter-End Exercise)
Here are the step-by-step solutions to all the chapter-end exercise questions, that help in revising the concepts thoroughly and easily.
(a) TTWW
(b) TTww
(c) TtWW
(d) TtWw
Answer:
As half the progenies are short, this implies that the parent plant also will have a collection of short genes. Also since all progenies bore violet flowers, the violet color is dominant over white.
Hence TtWW might be the correct answer.
Answer:
For considering a trait as dominant or recessive, we need the information of a minimum of 3 generations.
If the grandparent, parent and the children. all have light-coloured eyes, then we can conclude that light-eye colour is a dominant trait.
Answer:
(i) Select two varieties of dogs one with white coat color, the other with black coat color.
(ii) Crossbreed them taking a male dog from one variety and bitch (female dog) from the other variety.
(iii) Observe the colour of the offspring of the F1 generation.
(iv) Now, bring about breeding among the organisms of the F1 generation.
(v) Observe the coat colour of organisms (pups) of F2 generation and note the variations in coat colour.
(vi) Draw conclusions based on your study.
One of the probable inheritance patterns may be as given below.
Phenotypic ratio = 3: 1,
Black coat colour (3): White coat colour (1)
Q. 4. How is the equal genetic contribution of male and female parents ensured in the progeny?
Answer:
The inheritance of equal parent chromosomes ensures equal genetic contribution within the relative of male and female folk. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes. There is no pairing of all human chromosomes. The primary twenty-two trials are called autosomes out of those twenty-three pairs, and the remaining one pair is also thought to be sex chromosomes drawn as X and Y. Females have an ideal trial of 2 X sex chromosomes and males have an inappropriate trial of I X and I Y chromosome.
During the replication process, the male germ cell (haploid) fuses with the feminine gamete (haploid) resulting in the formation of the diploid fertilized ovum as the fertilization method takes place. Within the relative, the fertilized ovum receives the associated degree of equal contribution from the oldsters of genetic material. Of the comparatively twenty-three pairs of chromosomes, the parent contributes twenty-two autosomes and one X or sex chromosome, whereas the feminine parent contributes twenty-two autosomes and one chromosomes.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8 Heredity
Students can compare their answers to the model responses by using the in-depth solutions provided for the textbook questions. The exercises and in-text questions are clearly explained in the Chapter-wise NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science. This chapter is covered in detail in the following paragraphs, with step-wise answers in bullet points for easy understanding. You'll also find detailed explanations for both exercise and in-text questions to support effective learning.
Solutions of NCERT Class 10th - Subject-Wise
Important Formulas and Diagrams + eBook link : NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science
When it comes to science, putting all of the most important equations, diagrams, and points in one place helps in getting a glance and an instant reminder, which can cut down on the amount of time needed for revision once the concepts are understood. Heredity Class 10 NCERT Solutions is a very crucial and scoring chapter,as a lot of questions and answers would appear in the CBSE Board exams.
You will see a lot of questions and answers, diagrams, and key concepts on your exams and in your monthly quizzes. After going through the heredity class 10 ncert solutions, go through this article to review each important solution quickly and learn examples that you might encounter on your exams.
Download Ebook - NCERT Class 10 Science: Chapter-wise Important Formulas, Diagrams, And Points
Heredity Class 10 NCERT Solutions - Weightage in Board Exams
Generally, 4 types of questions are asked in the class 10 science board exam i.e. very short answer type, short answer type, long answer type and practical based questions which are for 1 to 5 marks from the NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Science Chapter 8 Heredity. In the CBSE 2018 board exams, 3 questions were asked from this chapter for 10 marks. Thus, this information make sure that this chapter is very important and by knowing this chapter, students can easily score 10 marks in the exam.
Heredity Class 10 Solutions - Important Topics
Let's take a quick look at the topics and subtopics covered in this chapter:
Heredity
Accumulation Of Variation During Reproduction
Heredity
Inherited Traits
Rules for the Inheritance of Traits – Mendel’s Contributions
How do these traits get Expressed
Sex Determination
JEE Main Important Mathematics Formulas
As per latest 2024 syllabus. Maths formulas, equations, & theorems of class 11 & 12th chapters
Practice Questions of Chapter 8 Heredity
The exercises below will help you understand the important topics better and get ready for your exams with more confidence.
Question 1:
In an experiment to study independent inheritance of two separate traits — shape and colour of seeds — the ratio of the different combinations in F₂ progeny would be:
A. 1 : 3
B. 1 : 2 : 1
C. 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
D. 9 : 1 : 1 : 3
Answer:
The correct answer is option(C), 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
Explanation:
According to the question when two traits are taken , then that is a classic Mendelian dihybrid cross. The F₂ generation shows a phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1 in which:
- 9 show both dominant traits
- 3 show one dominant and one recessive trait
- 3 show the other dominant and one recessive trait
- 1 shows both recessive traits
Question 2:
What are autosomes and sex chromosomes?
Answer:
The chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual are known as sex chromosomes. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in a human cell, out of which one pair is the sex chromosomes. The rest of the chromosomes are said to be autosomes.
Question 3:
Why did Mendel choose pea plant for his experimentation?*
Answer:
Mendel carried out his experiments on the garden pea. He chose garden pea as a plant material for his experiments due to the following reasons:
1. Peas are available in many pure breeding varieties with observable forms for a trait or characteristic.
2. Pea flowers are bisexual.
3. Peas mature in a reasonably short time and a single plant produces numerous seeds.
4. Peas pollinate through self-pollination process.
Question 4:
What is monohybrid and dihybrid cross? Give one example of each.
Answer:
1. Monohybrid Cross:
In a monohybrid cross, parents differ only in a single pair of characters, and it is the simplest cross.
Example: A cross between a tall plant (TT) and a dwarf plant (tt).
2. Dihybrid Cross:
In a dihybrid cross, it involves two pairs of contrasting characters at the same time.
Example: A cross between a plant with round yellow seeds (RRYY) and a plant with wrinkled green seeds (rryy).
Question 5:
State three laws of Mendel.
Answer:
The three laws of Mendel are given below:
1. Law of Dominance: The law of dominance states that out of a pair of characters, one is dominant and the other is recessive, which means that one is able to express itself between the two.
2. Law of Segregation: This law states that when a pair of alleles are brought together in the F1 generation, they remain together in the hybrid without blending but separate completely and purely during gamete formation.
3. Law of Independent Assortment: According to Mendel's law of independent assortment, when two pairs of traits are brought together in the F1, they show independent dominant effect. During the formation of gametes, the law of segregation appears, but the factors assort themselves independently, randomly, and freely.
CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science - Chapter-wise
Below mentioned are the Chapter-wise solutions:
The chapter on Heredity indicates how characteristics are inherited from parents to offspring through genes. It indicates the function of DNA, chromosomes, and genetic differences in determining features such as eye colour, height, and even some inherited illnesses. Heredity indicates the reason why organisms look similar to their predecessors and how differences lead to evolution. The chapter also highlights the need for selective breeding and genetic studies to enhance crops, animals, and medical breakthroughs. As a whole, heredity is an intrinsic concept linking generations and is essential in the variation of life on the planet.
Also Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here:
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. How does Mendel’s experiment explain the law of inheritance?
Mendel's experiments on pea plants led to the laws of inheritance, explaining how traits are passed from parents to offspring. His work established the Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment, showing that traits are inherited in predictable patterns through dominant and recessive alleles.
2. What is the difference between dominant and recessive traits in heredity?
Dominant traits are expressed when at least one dominant allele is present (e.g., brown eyes). Recessive traits appear only when both alleles are recessive (e.g., blue eyes in the absence of a dominant allele).
3. How is sex determined in human beings?
In humans, sex is determined by the XY chromosome system. Males have XY chromosomes, while females have XX chromosomes. The male sperm determines the baby’s sex by contributing either an X or Y chromosome.
4. What are acquired and inherited traits? Give examples.
Acquired traits develop during an organism’s life due to environmental factors (e.g., bodybuilding, learning a skill) and are not passed to offspring. Inherited traits are genetic and passed from parents to children (e.g., eye color, hair type).
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4 min ⋆ May 09, 2025 02:05 AM ISTQuestions related to CBSE Class 10th
Have a question related to CBSE Class 10th ?
Hello
Since you are a domicile of Karnataka and have studied under the Karnataka State Board for 11th and 12th , you are eligible for Karnataka State Quota for admission to various colleges in the state.
1. KCET (Karnataka Common Entrance Test): You must appear for the KCET exam, which is required for admission to undergraduate professional courses like engineering, medical, and other streams. Your exam score and rank will determine your eligibility for counseling.
2. Minority Income under 5 Lakh : If you are from a minority community and your family's income is below 5 lakh, you may be eligible for fee concessions or other benefits depending on the specific institution. Some colleges offer reservations or other advantages for students in this category.
3. Counseling and Seat Allocation:
After the KCET exam, you will need to participate in online counseling.
You need to select your preferred colleges and courses.
Seat allocation will be based on your rank , the availability of seats in your chosen colleges and your preferences.
4. Required Documents :
Domicile Certificate (proof that you are a resident of Karnataka).
Income Certificate (for minority category benefits).
Marksheets (11th and 12th from the Karnataka State Board).
KCET Admit Card and Scorecard.
This process will allow you to secure a seat based on your KCET performance and your category .
check link for more details
https://medicine.careers360.com/neet-college-predictor
Hope this helps you .
Mitali Sharma 30 January,2025
Hello Aspirant, Hope your doing great, your question was incomplete and regarding what exam your asking.
SWETCHCHA MISKA 10 July,2024
Yes, scoring above 80% in ICSE Class 10 exams typically meets the requirements to get into the Commerce stream in Class 11th under the CBSE board . Admission criteria can vary between schools, so it is advisable to check the specific requirements of the intended CBSE school. Generally, a good academic record with a score above 80% in ICSE 10th result is considered strong for such transitions.
Manasvini Gupta 23 July,2024
hello Zaid,
Yes, you can apply for 12th grade as a private candidate .You will need to follow the registration process and fulfill the eligibility criteria set by CBSE for private candidates.If you haven't given the 11th grade exam ,you would be able to appear for the 12th exam directly without having passed 11th grade. you will need to give certain tests in the school you are getting addmission to prove your eligibilty.
best of luck!
Ashvadha 03 July,2024
According to cbse norms candidates who have completed class 10th, class 11th, have a gap year or have failed class 12th can appear for admission in 12th class.for admission in cbse board you need to clear your 11th class first and you must have studied from CBSE board or any other recognized and equivalent board/school.
You are not eligible for cbse board but you can still do 12th from nios which allow candidates to take admission in 12th class as a private student without completing 11th.
sadafreen356 03 July,2024
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Colleges After 12th
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