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Can you imagine the taste of food without salt? Food without salt is tasteless, and it becomes difficult for us to eat. Just like this, we encounter Acids, Bases, and salts in our daily life, like the stain of turmeric on a white cloth. If soap is spilled on that stain, then the color of the yellow stain is converted into reddish-brown. Acids, Bases, and Salts are essential in nature as well as in industry.
This chapter explains the chemical nature of Acids, Bases, and Salts, and how they react with elements like metals and non-metals and with each other. It also explains some astonishing phenomena like a change of color of litmus papers, from red to blue when bases are present, and blue to red when acids are present, and no change in color if the substance is neutral.
NCERT solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2 will offer a systematic and structured approach for the exercise problems in the NCERT textbook to prepare well for your exams by providing comprehensive and detailed solutions to all the exercise questions in the NCERT textbook. Our subject matter expert prepares these NCERT Solutions for Class 10, which also serve as a valuable resource for students to enhance their performance in board exams and establish a strong foundation for various competitive exams like JEE and NEET.
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Also Read
Acids Bases And Salts Class 10 NCERT Exemplar Solutions |
Acids Bases And Salts Class 10 NCERT Chapter Notes |
Students looking for Class 10 Science Chapter 2 exercise solutions can download the PDF from the link below. In this PDF, students will get the detailed solutions with in-text questions.
To develop an understanding of the concept, In-text questions from the chapter 2 acid bases and salts class 10 solutions are important. At first, we are covering the in-text Class 10 Science Chapter 2 question answer, later we are covering the NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 2 exercise solutions.
Topic: Introduction Page no-18
Answer:
Litmus is a common indicator that is used to identify acid and base. The colour of litmus paper turns to blue indicates that the chemical is a base. If there is no change in colour, then the chemical is either acidic or neutral.
First marks the three test tubes as A, B, and C.
Now,
(i) First of all, put the red litmus paper in each test tube one by one. The test tube in which red litmus paper will turn blue indicates the solution of that test tube is basic/Alkaline in nature.
(ii) Now remaining two are either acidic or neutral. Now mix a drop of the basic solution with a drop of each of the remaining two solutions separately and then the nature of the drops of the mixtures is checked. If the colour of the red litmus turns blue, then the second solution is neutral and if there is no change in colour, then the second solution is acidic. This is because acidic and basic solutions neutralize each other.
Question.1 Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels?
Answer:
Curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels because curd and other sour substances contain acids.
Therefore, when they are kept in brass and copper vessels, the metal reacts with the acid to liberate hydrogen gas and harmful products, thereby may spoil the food.
Answer:
Hydrogen gas is usually liberated when an acid reacts with a metal.
When zinc granules react with dilute sulphuric acid, then the bubbles of the soap solution are formed. These soap bubbles contain hydrogen gas and a zinc sulphate solution is formed.
The evolved hydrogen gas can be tested by taking a burning candle near a soap solution containing hydrogen gas. If the candle burns with a pop sound, it confirms the evolution of hydrogen gas.
Answer:
During the chemical reaction, the evolved gas extinguishes a burning candle which means the gas is carbon dioxide.
Since, one of the compounds formed during this reaction is calcium chloride and carbon dioxide is formed when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with a metal carbonate (or metal hydrogen carbonate) producing effervescence it means the metal compound is calcium carbonate (It cannot be calcium hydrogen carbonate because calcium hydrogen carbonate is found only in solution, it is also unstable to exist as a solid). Hence, the compound A is calcium carbonate.
The chemical reaction is written as follows:
Answer:
Acids form hydrogen ions [
The reaction of HCL is as follows:
While solutions of compounds like alcohol and glucose do not form hydrogen ions in the solution, hence, they do not show acidic character.
Question.2 Why does an aqueous solution of acid conduct electricity?
Answer:
Acids dissociate in aqueous solutions to form ions. Like hydrogen ions (
Question.3 Why does dry HCl gas not change the colour of the dry litmus paper?
Answer:
The colour of litmus paper changes only in the presence of ions like hydrogen (
Hence, because of that dry HCl gas does not change the colour of dry litmus paper.
Answer:
The process of dissolving an acid in water is highly exothermic in which a large amount of heat is evolved. It is always recommended that acid should slowly be added to water because evolved heat is easily absorbed by a large amount of water.
If it is done the other way, then it is possible that because of the large amount of heat generated, the mixture splashes out and causes burns,
Question.5 How is the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+) affected when a solution of an acid is diluted?
Answer:
When the solution of an acid is diluted, the concentration of hydronium ions
That means, the strength of the acid decreases.
Answer:
The concentration of hydroxide ions
Answer:
The pH value of less than 7 indicates an acidic solution while greater than 7 indicates a basic solution. The pH value of a neutral solution is 7. And the acidic solution has more hydrogen ion concentration.
Therefore, solution A with pH = 6 is acidic and has more hydrogen ion concentration than solution B with pH = 8 which is basic.
Question.2 What effect does the concentration of H + (aq) ions have on the nature of the solution?
Answer:
Concentration of
Question.3 Do basic solutions also have H + (aq) ions? If yes, then why are these basic?
Answer:
Yes, the basic solution also has
Answer:
Quicklime, slaked lime and chalk are basic in nature. When they react with acids, the neutralization reaction takes place.
Therefore, If the soil is acidic and improper for cultivation, then to increase the basicity of soil, the farmer would treat the soil with quicklime or slaked lime or chalk
Question.1 What is the common name of the compound
Answer:
The common name of the compound
Question.2 Name the substance which on treatment with chlorine yields bleaching powder .
Answer:
Calcium hydroxide
Question.3 Name the sodium compound which is used for softening hard water.
Answer:
Washing soda
Answer:
When a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate (sodium hydrogen carbonate) is heated, it undergoes decomposition reaction to form sodium carbonate and water, and carbon dioxide gas is liberated.
The equation of the reaction involved is:
Question.5 Write an equation to show the reaction between the Plaster of Paris and water .
Answer :
The chemical equation for the reaction of Plaster of Paris and water can be represented as
All questions from the chapter-end exercise have been covered in these Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Exercise Solutions:
Question.1 A solution turns red litmus blue, its pH is likely to be
(a) 1
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 10
Answer:
(d) As we have lean bases turn red litmus blue. The basic solution has a pH value of more than 7. Since the solution turns red litmus blue, therefore its pH is likely to be > 7 i.e. 10.
(a) NaCl
(b) HCl
(c) LiCl
(d) KCl
Answer:
(b) The solution contains HCI reacts with crushed egg-shells to give a gas that turns lime-water milky.
(a) 4 mL
(b) 8 mL
(c) 12 mL
(d) 16 mL
Answer:
It is given that
10 ml of NaOH neutralizes 8 ml Solution of HCl
Therefore, 20 ml of NaOH will neutralise
Therefore, 16 ml of HCl solution will be required to neutralize the 20 ml of NaOH.
The correct answer is (d)
Question.4 Which one of the following types of medicines are used for treating indigestion?
(a) Antibiotic
(b) Analgesic
(c) Antacid
(d) Antiseptic
Answer:
(c) The antacid is used for treating indigestion.
Question.5 Write word equations and then balanced equations for the reaction taking place when –
(a) dilute sulphuric acid reacts with zinc granules.
(b) dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium ribbon.
(c) dilute sulphuric acid reacts with aluminum powder.
(d) dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with iron filings.
Answer:
Balanced equations are:-
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Answer:
Take the solution of dilute hydrochloric solution and glucose. Two nails are fitted on a cork and are kept it in a 100 mL beaker. The nails are then connected to the two terminals of a 6-volt battery through a bulb and a switch. Dilute HCl is poured in the beaker and current is switched on. Now, the same experiment is performed with a glucose solution and an alcohol solution.
We will observe that the bulb glows in the HCl solution and does not glow in the glucose solution.
Because: HCl dissociate into H+ (aq) and Cl-(aq) ions. These ions conduct electricity in the solution resulting in the glowing of the bulb. On the other hand, the glucose solution does not dissociate into ions. Therefore, it does not conduct electricity.
Conclusion:
From this activity, it can be concluded that all acids contain hydrogen but not all compounds containing hydrogen are acids. That is why, though compounds like alcohols and glucose contain hydrogen, they are not categorized as acids.
Question.7 Why does distilled water not conduct electricity, whereas rainwater does?
Answer:
Distilled water is a pure form of water that does not contain ions. Therefore, it does not conduct electricity. Rainwater on the other hand, being an impure form of water, contains many ionic compounds such as acids and therefore it conducts electricity.
Question.8 Why do acids not show acidic behaviour in the absence of water?
Answer:
Acids do not show acidic behaviour in the absence of water because acids form hydrogen ions [H + (aq) ions] in its aqueous solution which are responsible for their acidic characters and the dissociation of hydrogen ions from an acid occurs in the presence of water only.
Therefore in the absence of water, acids do not produce hydrogen ions and hence do not show acidic behaviour.
Question.9 (a) Five solutions A, B, C, D, and E, when tested with universal indicator, showed pH as 4,1,11,7 and 9, respectively. Which solution is
Answer:
Solution with pH equal to 7 is a neutral solution. Therefore, a neutral solution is D
Question.9 (b) Five solutions A, B, C, D, and E, when tested with universal indicator, showed pH as 4,1,11,7 and 9, respectively. Which solution is
Answer:
The solution with the highest pH is strongly alkaline. Therefore, a strongly alkaline solution is C with a pH equal to 11
Question.9 (c) Five solutions A, B, C, D, and E, when tested with universal indicator, showed pH as 4,1,11,7 and 9, respectively. Which solution is
Answer:
The solution with the lowest pH value is strongly acidic. Therefore, a strongly acidic solution is B with pH equal to 1
Question.9 (d) Five solutions A, B, C, D, and E, when tested with universal indicator, showed pH as 4,1,11,7 and 9, respectively. Which solution is
Answer:
A solution with a pH less than 7 but close to 7 is weakly acidic. Therefore, the weakly acidic solution is A with a pH equal to 4
Question.9 (e) Five solutions A, B, C, D, and E, when tested with universal indicator, showed pH as 4,1,11,7 and 9, respectively. Which solution is
e) Weakly alkaline?
Answer:
The solution with a pH greater than 7 but close to 7 is weakly alkaline. Therefore, a weakly alkaline solution is E with pH equal to 9
Answer:
When an acid reacts with magnesium metal, hydrogen gas is produced which causes fizzing. Stronger acids having a greater number of hydrogen ions in it. Hence, fizzing will occur strongly in test tube A, in which hydrochloric acid (HCI) is added.
This is because HCI is a stronger acid as compared to
Question.11 Fresh milk has a pH of 6. How do you think the pH will change as it turns into curd? Explain your answer.
Answer:
The pH of fresh milk is 6.
As milk turns into curd, lactic acid is formed due to which it becomes more acidic. Therefore, the pH of milk will decrease.
Question.12 (a) A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk.
(a) Why does he shift the pH of the fresh milk from 6 to slightly alkaline?
Answer:
Fresh milk is slightly acidic in nature, The milkman shifts the pH of the fresh milk from 6 to slightly alkaline by adding little baking soda.
Because this will prevent the milk from getting sour due to lactic acid formation.
Question.12 (b) A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk.
(b) Why does this milk take a long time to set as curd?
Answer:
Since this milk is slightly basic than usual milk, the lactic acid, formed during curdling, needs to first neutralize the alkali present in the milk.
Therefore, it takes a longer time for the curd to set.
Question. 13 The plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture-proof container. Explain why?
Answer:
Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture-proof container because it absorbs moisture (or water) to form a hard substance called gypsum which makes Plaster of Paris useless.
Question.14 What is a neutralization reaction? Give two examples.
Answer:
A reaction in which an acid and base react with each other to give a salt and water is known as neutralization reaction. That is: Acid + Base → Salt + Water
For example:
(i) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form sodium chloride (NaCl) and water:
(ii) Magnesium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid to form magnesium chloride and water:
Question.15 Give two important uses of washing soda and baking soda.
Answer:
Uses of Washing Soda:
(i) It is used for removing the permanent hardness of the water.
(ii) It is used in glass, soap, and paper industries.
Uses of Baking Soda:
(i) It is used in soda-acid fire extinguishers.
(ii) It is used in making baking powder. Baking powder is a mixture of baking soda and a mild edible acid called tartaric acid. When baking powder is heated
Or mixed in water, it releases CO2 that makes cakes or bread fluffy.
Question 1. What are acids and bases? Give two examples of each?
Answer:
Acids: These substances release H+ ions in aqueous solutions.
Examples: HCl, H2SO4.
Bases: These substances release OH- ions in aqueous solutions.
Examples: NaOH, Ca(OH)2.
Question 2. Why is it important to maintain the pH of soil?
Answer:
Plants need a specific pH range to grow. If the soil is too acidic or basic, nutrients become unavailable, and plant growth is affected. So, maintaining the pH ensures proper nutrient absorption and fruther growth of the plant.
Question 3. What is the pH range of acidic, Basic, and neutral solution?
Answer:
The pH range of acidic, Basic, and neutral solution:
Acidic solution: pH less than 7.
Basic solution: pH greater than 7.
Neutral solution: pH equal to 7.
Students can follow the strategy given below to solve the Class 10 science question more effectively and attractively, which can help them to score good marks in their exams.
2) Read the chapter thoroughly from the NCERT textbook, be extra careful while reading definitions, equations, and examples.
3) To get command over questions, solve all the in-text and end-of-chapter questions of the NCERT textbook.
4) Revise important reactions like neutralisation and acid-base titration again and again.
6) Revise concepts again and again and practice questions as much as you can. As practice makes a man perfect.
Topics and subtopics covered in the NCERT for Class 10 Science Chapter 2 are given below. A basic understanding of these topics helps students to solve complex problems easily.
2.1 Understanding the Chemical Properties of Acids and Bases
2.1.1 Acids and Bases in the Laboratory
2.1.2 How do Acids and Bases React with Metals?
2.1.3 How do Metal Carbonates and Metal Hydrogencarbonates React with Acids?
2.1.4 How do Acids and Bases React with each other?
2.1.5 Reaction of Metallic Oxides with Acids
2.1.6 Reaction of a Non-metallic Oxide with Base
2.2 What do All Acids and All Bases Have in Common
2.2.1 What Happens to an Acid or a Base in a Water Solution?
2.3 How Strong are Acid or Base Solutions?
2.3.1 Importance of pH in Everyday Life
2.4 More About Salts
2.4.1 Family of Salts
2.4.2 pH of Salts
2.4.3 Chemicals from Common Salt
2.4.4 Are the Crystals of Salts really Dry?
Important formulas from the NCERT Solution for class 10, chapter 2, science are given below:
Important Reactions:
Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas
Example: 2NaOH(aq) + Zn(s) → Na2ZnO2 (s) + H2 (g) (Sodium zincate)
Metal carbonate/Metal hydrogencarbonate + Acid → Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water
Example: NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq) —-> NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Base + Acid → Salt + Water
Example: NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Metal oxide + Acid → Salt + Water
When electricity is passed through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (called brine), it decomposes to form sodium hydroxide. The process is called the chlor-alkali process because of the products formed– chlor for chlorine and alkali for sodium hydroxide.
2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + Cl2 (g) + H2 (g)
Bleaching Powder (CaOCl2) Formation:
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 → CaOCl2 + H2O
Baking Soda (NaHCO3) Formation:
NaCl + H2O + CO2 + NH3 —---> NH4Cl (Ammonium chloride) + NaHCO3 (Sodium hydrogen carbonate)
Washing Soda (Na2CO3 .10H2O) Formation:
Na2CO3 (sodium carbonate) + 10 H2O —------> Na2CO3.10H2O
Plaster of Paris:
Preparation:
To download the E-Book click on the link given below
Class 10 NCERT chapter-wise solutions are given below:
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Chapter 11 Electricity |
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Chapter 12 Magnetic effects of Electric Current |
The NCERT books and syllabus links for class 10 are given below:
Also Read:
It is a logarithmic scale which is used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Range of pH scale is from 0 to 14.
Some common examples of salts include:
Indicators are substances that change the color depending on the pH of the solution. They are generally used to determine whether a solution is acidic, basic, or neutral. Common examples of indicators litmus paper, phenolphthalein, and methyl orange.
Strong acids are more reactive than weak acids because they release a much higher concentration of H+ ions into the solution.
Hello
Since you are a domicile of Karnataka and have studied under the Karnataka State Board for 11th and 12th , you are eligible for Karnataka State Quota for admission to various colleges in the state.
1. KCET (Karnataka Common Entrance Test): You must appear for the KCET exam, which is required for admission to undergraduate professional courses like engineering, medical, and other streams. Your exam score and rank will determine your eligibility for counseling.
2. Minority Income under 5 Lakh : If you are from a minority community and your family's income is below 5 lakh, you may be eligible for fee concessions or other benefits depending on the specific institution. Some colleges offer reservations or other advantages for students in this category.
3. Counseling and Seat Allocation:
After the KCET exam, you will need to participate in online counseling.
You need to select your preferred colleges and courses.
Seat allocation will be based on your rank , the availability of seats in your chosen colleges and your preferences.
4. Required Documents :
Domicile Certificate (proof that you are a resident of Karnataka).
Income Certificate (for minority category benefits).
Marksheets (11th and 12th from the Karnataka State Board).
KCET Admit Card and Scorecard.
This process will allow you to secure a seat based on your KCET performance and your category .
check link for more details
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Hope this helps you .
Hello Aspirant, Hope your doing great, your question was incomplete and regarding what exam your asking.
Yes, scoring above 80% in ICSE Class 10 exams typically meets the requirements to get into the Commerce stream in Class 11th under the CBSE board . Admission criteria can vary between schools, so it is advisable to check the specific requirements of the intended CBSE school. Generally, a good academic record with a score above 80% in ICSE 10th result is considered strong for such transitions.
hello Zaid,
Yes, you can apply for 12th grade as a private candidate .You will need to follow the registration process and fulfill the eligibility criteria set by CBSE for private candidates.If you haven't given the 11th grade exam ,you would be able to appear for the 12th exam directly without having passed 11th grade. you will need to give certain tests in the school you are getting addmission to prove your eligibilty.
best of luck!
According to cbse norms candidates who have completed class 10th, class 11th, have a gap year or have failed class 12th can appear for admission in 12th class.for admission in cbse board you need to clear your 11th class first and you must have studied from CBSE board or any other recognized and equivalent board/school.
You are not eligible for cbse board but you can still do 12th from nios which allow candidates to take admission in 12th class as a private student without completing 11th.
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