NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Biology 2025-26 – Download PDF & Chapter-wise Topics

NCERT Biology Class 12 Syllabus (Theory)

The Biology syllabus has been prepared to help students score well in exams. Most questions in the board exam are taken directly from the NCERT books. That’s why thoroughly studying them is very important. These books clearly explain concepts so that students find it easier to learn difficult topics. Given below is a table that includes chapters present in the Class 12 Biology syllabus, along with the topic name.

NCERT Biology Class 12 Syllabus (Practicals)

Have you ever wondered why doing experiments is part of studying biology? Practical work helps to apply what they have learn in theory, which makes concepts clearer. It also builds confidence in handling lab equipment and following safety rules. These skills are valuable for exams and future studies. Given below is a list of practical experiments included in the NCERT Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26.

Practical Marking Scheme (30 Marks)

• One Major Experiment – 5 Marks
• One Minor Experiment – 4 Marks
• Slide Preparation – 5 Marks
• Spotting Exercises – 7 Marks
• Practical Record & Viva – 4 Marks
• Project Work & Viva – 5 Marks

NCERT Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26: List of Experiments

The list of all the experiments is given below:

A. Experiments

• Prepare a temporary mount to observe pollen germination.

• Study the plant population density by the quadrat method.

• Study the plant population frequency by the quadrat method.

• Prepare a temporary mount of an onion root tip to study mitosis.

• Isolate DNA from available plant material such as spinach, green pea seeds, papaya, banana, etc.

B. Study and observe the following (Spotting)

• Flowers are adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects, birds).

• Pollen germination on the stigma through a permanent slide or scanning electron micrograph.

• Identification of stages of gamete development: transverse section (T.S.) of testis and T.S. of ovary (grasshopper/mice).

• Meiosis in onion bud cells or grasshopper testis through permanent slides.

• T.S. of blastula through permanent slides (mammalian).

• Mendelian inheritance using seeds of different colours/sizes of any plant.

• Prepared pedigree charts of any one genetic trait, such as rolling of tongue, blood groups, ear lobes, widow’s peak, or colour blindness.

• Controlled pollination — emasculation, tagging, and bagging.

• Common disease-causing organisms like Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, and fungi causing ringworm are viewed through permanent slides, models, virtual images, or specimens. Comment on their disease symptoms.

• Models/specimens showing symbiotic association in lichens, root nodules of leguminous plants, and parasitic nutrition shown by Cuscuta on a host.

• Flash cards/models showing examples of homologous and analogous organs.

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Other Subjects

• NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Maths
• NCERT syllabus for class 12 Chemistry
• NCERT syllabus for class 12 Physics
• NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 English

How to Download the Class 12 NCERT Biology Syllabus?

Follow the step-by-step instructions below to download the syllabus for quick and easy access:

Step 1: Go to the official NCERT website at http://ncert.nic.in.

Step 2: On the home page, in the 'Search' option, type 'Syllabus' and click on it. This will take you to the syllabus page.

Step 3: Click on the 'Syllabus for Secondary and Higher Secondary Classes' option. The syllabus PDF will open.

Step 4: You will get all the links for different subjects from the list in the PDF.

Note: The Class 12 Biology syllabus is not updated on the NCERT official website. Students can download the latest syllabus from this page, which is given below.

Download -

• NCERT Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26

Best Reference Books for Class 12 Biology syllabus

Sometimes, a few topics are not clearly explained in the prescribed textbooks. In such cases, it is important to refer to some other books. These books serve as a valuable resource and cover the NCERT syllabus clearly. All topics are explained clearly, with additional examples and practice questions. This builds a strong understanding and confidence. Given below are reference books that students can read to understand the NCERT Syllabus Class 12 Biology easily.

• S. Chand’s Biology for class XII by B.P. Pandey.
• Trueman’s Elementary Biology for Class 12 and NEET by K.N. Bhatia and M.P. Tyagi.
• CBSE Biology Chapter-wise Solved Papers class 12th by Arihant Expert.
• Pradeep’s A Text Book of Biology Class 12 by P.S. Dhami.
• Biology by Campbell and Reece

Also read,

• NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology
• NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology
• NCERT Notes Class 12 Biology

Chapter-wise Solutions for Class 12 Biology

To answer all the questions given in the textbook, students can refer to the solutions. All the solutions are prepared by subject experts in simple and clear language. Practicing the questions given in the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 improves problem-solving skills. This also increases the learning and makes revision better before exams.

Advantages of Knowing the Class 12 NCERT Biology Syllabus

Having a thorough understanding of the syllabus in advance offers several benefits. Some of the key ones are listed below:

• It gives knowledge of the topics that students have to study throughout the academic session.

• Students can plan their studies without any confusion.

• They get to know the list of experiments along with the theory syllabus.

• Having access to the NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Biology PDF in advance provides confidence.

Also, Read:

• NCERT Book for class 12 Physics
• NCERT Book for Class 12 Maths
• NCERT Books for Class 12 Chemistry
• NCERT Book for Class 12 Hindi