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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 10 Cell cycle and Cell division: In accordance with the latest CBSE syllabus, this Cell Cycle and Cell Division NCERT PDF covers the crucial specifics of the cell division processes that occur in all living things in Biology Class 11. Are you aware of the fact, that all organisms, even the largest and smallest, start their lives in a single cell? You may wonder how, from a single cell, they form such large organisms. This information is precisely curated in Cell Cycle and Cell Division NCERT Solutions what students in Class 11 need. Solutions for NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 10 Cell Cycle and Cell Division contain solutions which comprise an excellent explanation of all the questions which are based on cell division and the different cycles of the cell. In Class 11 Biology Chapter 10 NCERT Solutions, you will learn that growth and reproduction are characteristics of cells, indeed of all living organisms. The NCERT Solutions for Class 11 were carefully crafted by a group of subject-matter experts at Careers360 who have in-depth knowledge of the subject.
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By going through Cell Division Class 11 NCERT Solutions, you will be surprised by knowing that all the cells reproduce by dividing into two. Each parental cell give rise to two daughter cells each time they divide. These newly formed daughter cells can themselves grow and divide, giving rise to a new cell population that is formed by the growth and division of a single parental cell and its progeny. NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 10 Cell Cycle and Cell Division will provide you with all the answers to those questions which are mentioned in Cell Cycle NCERT. If you are looking for an answer from any other chapter even from any other class then go with NCERT Solutions. Here you will get all Class 11 Biology Chapter 10 Question Answers of NCERT Textbook Cell Division Class 11 Exercise easily.
Cell Cycle and Cell Division NCERT PDF: Cell division is a very important process in all living organisms and during the division, DNA replication, as well as cell growth also takes place. All these processes mentioned in Cell Cycle and Cell Division NCERT Solutions Class 11, i.e., cell division, DNA replication, and cell growth, have to take place in a coordinated way to ensure the correct division and formation of progeny cells containing intact genomes. In the solutions of Cell Cycle and Cell Division Class 11th you will get all the answers related to this topic only. After going through the Solution of Cell Cycle NCERT, you must be able to understand the answer of the following questions which are given Cell Cycle and Cell division NCERT:
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The detailed Class 11 Biology Ch 10 NCERT Solutions are given below:
Q1. What is the average cell cycle span for a mammalian cell?
Answer:
The average cell cycle span for a mammalian cell is 24 hours.
Q2. Distinguish cytokinesis from karyokinesis.
Answer:
The differences between cytokinesis and karyokinesis are as follows:
Cytokinesis | Karyokinesis |
The process of division of cytoplasm is called cytokinesis | The process of division of the nucleus is called karyokinesis |
Cytokinesis takes place after the end of M-phase | Karyokinesis take place during the M-phase |
Q3. Describe the events taking place during interphase.
Answer:
Interphase refers to the phase in the cell cycle which prepares the cell and its nucleus for the division. Interphase is divided into three sub-phases like
1. G1 phase- It is the longest stage of interphase, also called the first growth phase or post-mitotic gap phase. Both the cell and its nucleus grow in size. There is the synthesis of RNA, proteins, nucleotides, amino acids for histones and energy-rich compounds. There is a checkpoint called G1 cyclin or CG1, where the decision about the entry in the G0 stage is taken. If the decision is made cell cycle goes on uninterrupted or the cell undergoes the G0 stage. It refers to the resting phase in which the cell is arrested and not allowed to divide.
2. S Phase- In this phase, chromosomes along with their DNA replicates. The content of DNA doubles up, however, the number of chromosomes remains the same. After replication, the daughter chromosomes remain attached in the region of the centromere. The centrosome, if present begins to divide.
3. G2 phase- This phase is characterised by increased synthesis of RNA and proteins. The cell organelles undergo multiplication in this phase while the cell grows in size. G2 phase is also called as second growth phase or pre-mitotic gap phase.
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 10 Cell Cycle and Cell Division:
Q4. What is Go (quiescent phase) of cell cycle?
Answer:
G o (quiescent phase)- It refers to the stage of inactivation of cell cycle due to the absence of mitogens and energy-rich compounds. The cells of this stage are metabolically active and they act as reserve cells i.e. they undergo growth and differentiation for a specific function. E.g Cells in the quiescent centre of the root tip.
Cell Division Class 11 Exercise
Q5. Why is mitosis called equational division?
Answer:
Mitosis is called equational division because, at the end of mitosis, the numbers of chromosomes remain same in parental cells and daughter cells. Similarly, the ploidy of the parental and daughter cells also remain the same in mitosis.
Q6. Name the stage of cell cycle at which one of the following events occur:
(i) Chromosomes are moved to spindle equator.
Answer:
(i) Chromosomes are moved to spindle equator
During metaphase, the chromosomes move to the spindle equator and align themselves there.
Q6. Name the stage of cell cycle at which one of the following events occur:
(ii) Centromere splits and chromatids separate.
Answer:
(ii) Centromere splits and chromatids separate
During anaphase, the centromere splits and chromatids are separated. These chromatids after separation move to the opposite poles.
Q6. Name the stage of cell cycle at which one of the following events occur:
(iii) Pairing between homologous chromosomes takes place.
Answer:
(iii) Pairing between homologous chromosomes takes place
The pairing between homologous chromosomes takes place during zygotene of prophase I of meiosis I. As a result of this pairing bivalents are formed.
Q6. Name the stage of cell cycle at which one of the following events occur:
(iv) Crossing over between homologous chromosomes takes place.
Answer:
(iv) Crossing over between homologous chromosomes takes place
Crossing over between homologous chromosomes takes place during pachytene of prophase I of meiosis I.
Class 11 Biology Chapter 10 Question Answers
(a) synapsis
Draw a diagram to illustrate your answer.
Answer:
Synapsis- The process of the pairing of homologous chromosomes during the zygotene stage of prophase I of meiosis I is called synapsis. During synapse, a synaptonemal complex is formed by the homologous chromosome which is referred to as a bivalent or a tetrad.
(b) bivalent
Draw a diagram to illustrate your answer.
Answer:
Bivalent- it refers to the structure formed by a pair of the synapsed homologous chromosome.
(c) chiasmata
Draw a diagram to illustrate your answer.
Answer:
Chiasmata- These are points of attachment between homologous chromosomes during their separation in diplotene to metaphase I stage of meiosis. Chiasmata are initially formed in the regions of crossing over between nonsister chromatids but later on, tend to shift sideways.
Q8. How does cytokinesis in plant cells differ from that in animal cells?
Answer:
The process of cytokinesis differs in plant and animal cells
Cytokinesis in plants | Cytokinesis in animals |
It occurs by cell plate method | It takes place by cleavage method |
The spindle persists during cytokinesis | Spindle starts to degenerate after anaphase |
Cell plate grows centrifugally | Cleavage takes place centripetally |
The new cell membrane is derived from vesicles of Golgi apparatus | The new cell wall is derived from the endoplasmic reticulum |
CBSE NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 10 cell cycle and cell division:
Answer:
Meiosis is the reductional division that leads to the formation of four daughter cells which have half the number of chromosomes than the parent cell. Meiosis takes place during spermatogenesis and oogenesis in humans. During spermatogenesis, the daughter cells or sperms formed are equal in size while during oogenesis the daughter cells are unequal in size.
Cell Cycle and Cell Division Class 11 Questions and Answers
Q10. Distinguish anaphase of mitosis from anaphase I of meiosis.
Answer:
Anaphase of mitosis | Anaphase I of meiosis |
Anaphase of mitosis involves splitting of each chromosome at centromere into two sister chromatids which start moving towards the opposite poles. | Anaphase I of meiosis I involve the separation of homologous chromosomes, while the chromatids remain attached at their chromatids. |
Q11. List the main differences between mitosis and meiosis.
Answer:
Mitosis | Meiosis |
It takes place in somatic cells | It takes place in germ cells |
The cells undergoing mitosis can be diploid or haploid | The cells that undergo meiosis cannot be haploid |
It involves a single division producing two daughter cells at the end | It involves two divisions that give rise to four daughter cells |
The daughter cells formed after mitosis are exactly similar to their parent cell | The daughter cells formed after meiosis are neither similar to the parent one nor to one another |
The number of chromosome remains the same after meiosis | The number of chromosomes is reduced to half after meiosis. |
Mitosis helps in multiplication of cells, healing and repair | Meiosis is involved in the formation of meiospores or gametes |
Q12. What is the significance of meiosis?
Answer:
The process of meiosis is essential for all sexually reproducing organisms. It occurs in reproductive cells to form gametes that have half the number of chromosomes of the reproductive cells. The two gametes from reproductive cells fuse with each other to form a zygote. As a result, the zygote comes to have a double number of chromosomes. Thus, meiosis maintains the chromosome number of organisms. apart from this, there are other significances of meiosis also. Some of these are as follows
1. Meiosis form gametes that are required for sexual reproduction
2. Meiosis maintains the fixed number of chromosomes in sexually reproducing organisms by having the same during gametogenesis
3. In meiosis, paternal and maternal chromosomes assort independently. It causes a reshuffling of chromosomes and the traits controlled by them. The variations help the breeders in improving the races of useful plants and animals.
4. Meiosis introduces a new combination of traits or variations.
5. Chromosomal and genomic mutations occur by irregularities of meiotic division. Some of these mutations are useful to the organism.
Solutions for NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 10 Cell Cycle and Cell Division:
Q13. Discuss with your teacher about
(i) haploid insects and lower plants where cell-division occurs
Answer:
In some lower plants and haploid insects such as drones of a honey bee, meiosis occurs in the zygote. This type of meiosis is called zygotic meiosis whereas this type of life cycle is called haplontic life cycle.
Q13. Discuss with your teacher about
(ii) some haploid cells in higher plants where cell-division does not occur.
Answer:
Synergids and antipodals are haploid cells in higher plants where cell division does not occur.
Q14. Can there be mitosis without DNA replication in 'S' phase?
Answer:
Without DNA replication in 'S' phase, mitosis cannot occur. During DNA replication, DNA duplicates and this is a very important step. If DNA duplication does not occur than even in mitosis, there will be a reduction in the number of chromosomes of daughter cells. Thus, mitosis cannot occur without DNA replication.
Q15. Can there be DNA replication without cell division?
Answer:
Yes, DNA replication can occur without being followed by cell division. For example, polyteny is a condition in which chromosomes repeatedly replicates but the cells do not divide and as a result of this, DNA accumulates in the cell.
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 10 Cell Cycle and Cell Division:
(i) number of chromosomes (N) per cell
Answer:
The number of chromosomes (N) per cell changes during the anaphase I stage of meiosis I. During this stage, the homologous chromosomes get separated and starts moving towards the opposite poles. Thus, the bivalents get divided into sister chromatids. This leads to a reduction of the number of chromosomes to half in daughter cells.
(ii) amount of DNA content (C) per cell
Answer:
The amount of DNA content per cell changes during 'S' phase and anaphase. In 'S' phase, the number of chromosomes remains the same but DNA replicates. Due to DNA replication, the content of DNA doubles up from 1C to 2C or from 2C to 4C depending on whether the cell is diploid or haploid. In anaphase II, the DNA Content decreases to one half from 2C to 1C.
Students can anticipate this unit to be worth around 15 marks, or about 21% of the overall grade, according to the question paper format from previous years. In order to help students study effectively, the CBSE publishes examination patterns, marking schemes, and question paper designs for Class 11. Cell Cycle and Cell Division NCERT Solutions Class 11 have been updated as per the latest syllabus. These materials can be carefully examined to understand the trends over time. If you have any query in understanding Cell Cycle and Cell Division NCERT PDF which are mentioned in the above, then again go through the cell Cycle and Cell division Class 11 NCERT. And then, try to solve them by yourself and compare them with Class 11 Biology Chapter 10 Exercise Solutions. Class 11 Biology Chapter 10 NCERT Solutions will help you not only for your school exam as it will also help you in the preparation of other competitive exams like NEET.
The important topics and subtopics of Cell Cycle and Cell Division Class 11 NCERT Solutions are given below:
10.1 Cell Cycle
10.2 M Phase
10.3 Significance of Mitosis
10.4 Meiosis
10.5 Significance of Meiosis
Highlights for the Cell Cycle and Cell Division NCERT PDF are given below:
Chapter 1 | The Living World |
Chapter 2 | Biological Classification |
Chapter 3 | Plant Kingdom |
Chapter 4 | Animal Kingdom |
Chapter 5 | Morphology of Flowering Plants |
Chapter 6 | Anatomy of Flowering Plants |
Chapter 7 | Structural Organisation in Animals |
Chapter 8 | Cell: The Unit of Life |
Chapter 9 | Biomolecules |
Chapter 10 | Cell Cycle and Cell Division |
Chapter 11 | Transport in Plants |
Chapter 12 | Mineral Nutrition |
Chapter 13 | Photosynthesis in Higher Plants |
Chapter 14 | Respiration in Plants |
Chapter 15 | Plant Growth and Development |
Chapter 16 | Digestion and Absorption |
Chapter 17 | Breathing and Exchange of Gases |
Chapter 18 | Body Fluids and Circulation |
Chapter 19 | Excretory Products and their Elimination |
Chapter 20 | Locomotion and Movement |
Chapter 21 | Neural Control and Coordination |
Chapter 22 | Chemical Coordination and Integration |
In this phase, chromosomes along with their DNA replicates. The content of DNA doubles up, however, the number of chromosomes remains the same. After replication, the daughter chromosomes remain attached in the region of the centromere. The centrosome, if present begins to divide.
This phase is characterised by increased synthesis of RNA and proteins. The cell organelles undergo multiplication in this phase while the cell grows in size. G2 phase is also called a second growth phase or pre-mitotic gap phase.
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