NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology - Download Chapter wise PDFs

Edited By Irshad Anwar | Updated on Apr 30, 2025 07:25 PM IST

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology are a valuable resource for students who are willing to achieve good exam scores. These solutions break down the complex concepts in simple words and follow the CBSE syllabus closely. Topics like reproduction, genetics, and ecology are covered in a clear and well-understandable language by the experts, which helps students to grasp these important topics easily. Along with answers, well-labeled diagrams are also provided that make the learning more effective and build a strong foundation in this subject.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology: Chapter Details
Weightage of Class 12 Biology Chapters
Key Features of NCERT Solutions
Importance of NCERT Solutions
Chapter-wise links of Biology Solutions For Class 12

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology - Download Chapter wise PDFs

These worked-out answers are very useful during learning processes like sexual and asexual reproduction, fertilization, and genetic inheritance. They break complex ideas into smaller pieces, making learning easy. Learning with NCERT Solutions for Class 12 can help students prepare for examinations like NEET as they focus on important explanations and practice questions. The explanations worked out every day boost confidence and problem-solving skills, and help students respond to questions during exams confidently.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology: Chapter Details

Class 12 Biology covers a total of 13 chapters, including reproduction, genetics, microbes in human welfare, etc. All these chapters are well-explained in easy language to help students grasp complex concepts with clarity. These solutions are designed to match the latest NCERT syllabus and are perfect for board exam preparation as well as entrance exams like NEET. Each chapter includes detailed, step-by-step answers to textbook questions, increasing deeper understanding and quick revision.
Unit VI: Reproduction

Chapter 1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

This chapter explains important processes such as pollination, fertilization, and the formation of seeds in easy terms. These solutions also help students understand the anatomy and functioning of various components of a flower. Students will also learn about how flowers develop male and female reproductive parts and the steps involved in the life cycle of a flowering plant. It also highlights the importance of double fertilization, a unique feature in flowering plants. By understanding these processes, students can better appreciate how new plants are formed and how traits are passed on.

Chapter 2: Human Reproduction

This chapter includes the complete process of gamete formation (gametogenesis)in both males and females, followed by a complete explanation of topics like fertilization, pregnancy, and childbirth. In addition to understanding human reproductive systems, students will also explore various components that form the male and female reproductive systems, the hormonal regulation of processes like implantation and the menstrual cycle, and the entire process of childbirth with the help of images and flowcharts for quick revision and better retention.

Chapter 3: Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health is an important chapter under the 12th syllabus, which deals with the health and normal functioning of the reproductive organs. This chapter talks about important topics such as family planning, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), infertility, and birth control measures. NCERT Solutions make it easier for students to easily grasp the concepts and terms that usually appeared in the exams.

Unit VII: Genetics and Evolution

Chapter 4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Principles of Inheritance and Variation is an important chapter for 12th with the topic of inheritance of traits from parent to offspring and diversification of characteristics within species. It is the most important chapter that students should learn to understand genetics and heredity, and briefly discusses Mendel's Laws, sex determination, mutation, and hereditary diseases. It also includes topics like principles controlling character expression, dominant and recessive genes, mono and dihybrid crosses, and Punnett squares, which increases it's importance for both board and competitive exams.

Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

This chapter focuses on the fundamental processes of genetic inheritance, covering DNA replication, transcription, translation, and gene expression. The NCERT Solutions class 12 for this chapter explains DNA as the genetic material in most organisms. The two types of nucleic acids found in living systems are DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid). RNA, though it serves as genetic material in some viruses, primarily functions as a messenger and also acts as a catalytic molecule.

Chapter 6: Evolution

This chapter explores interesting facts about the origin and the first organisms that came into existence, and the theories and mechanisms of evolution to prove these facts. it also includes the Miller-Urey experiment explains the origin of life on Earth, along with different evidence from paleontology, morphology, embryology, and genetics, which suggests that complex organisms evolved from simpler ones. Students will also learn about Darwin's Theory of natural selection and Lamarckism, which have made the basis for explaining evolution.

Unit VIII: Biology and Human Welfare

Chapter 7: Human Health and Diseases

This chapter explains the most important points of human health and types of diseases. It talks about different kinds of immunity, like innate and acquired immunity, and how the immune system battles infections. Diseases such as bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoan infections, along with their causes, symptoms, and prevention, are also explained. It also discusses vaccination, antibiotics, and other measures for controlling diseases. Lifestyle diseases like AIDS, cancer, drug addiction, and mental illness are also covered.

Chapter 8: Microbes in Human Welfare

This chapter will help students understand that while some microbes can be harmful, many are beneficial in the production of various food items, like dairy products such as curd, butter, bread, and tofu. Additionally, microbes are also used in the creation of important medicines, including penicillin. Microbes also play a crucial role in the treatment of sewage and energy generation, such as the production of Biogas, and act as biofertilizers, which is also covered in this chapter.

Unit IX: Biotechnology and Its Applications

Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

Biotechnology Principles and Processes is an important chapter in Class 12 Biology that discusses the principles and methods applied to genetic engineering as well as microbial biotechnology. It is amongst the most essential chapters in determining how biological processes can be used for the well-being of humankind. It includes discussions about recombinant DNA technology, restriction enzymes, cloning vectors, PCR, and bioprocess engineering. Students will find all the processes interesting to study, and thus increases the clarity of the concepts.

Chapter 10: Biotechnology and Its Applications

This chapter provides a detailed understanding of how biotechnology is used in various fields, including agriculture, medicine, and environmental conservation. It also highlights important topics such as genetically modified organisms (GMOs), transgenic animals, biotechnological applications in health and industry, and ethical concerns related to genetic engineering. Students learn about the role of biotechnology in improving crop yields, developing vaccines, and addressing environmental challenges. The chapter also explains key concepts like gene therapy, biopesticides, biofertilizers, and the production of transgenic organisms.

Unit X: Ecology and Environment

Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations

It describes how various organisms respond to their environment and how populations increase and evolve. It explains important factors such as ecological adaptations, interactions among organisms, and environmental factors influencing survival. Students also learn about population traits such as birth rate, death rate, and age structure. It helps to explain how living organisms adapt to temperature change, water availability, and other factors in their environments. Population growth patterns, competition, and other relationships between species are very well-explained.

Chapter 12: Ecosystem

This chapter provides a thorough understanding of the interactions between living organisms and their physical environment. Students learn how ecosystem function, including food chains and food webs. It also explained the key processes like decomposition and biogeochemical cycles.

Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conservation

It includes topics like species diversity, ecological balance, and conservation strategies. Bioodiversity loss due to human activities is a major concern, making conservation efforts essential. It covers topics like endangered species, conservation strategies, and laws protecting biodiversity, which makes it an essential chapter for the board exams.

Also, Read NCERT Class-wise Solutions

Weightage of Class 12 Biology Chapters

Understanding the weightage of each chapter helps students focus their preparation better. The table below shows the approximate percentage of marks each chapter carries in board exams.

Chapter No.	Chapter Name	Weightage (%)
1	Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants	5%
2	Human Reproduction	7%
3	Reproductive Health	4%
4	Principles of Inheritance and Variation	9%
5	Molecular Basis of Inheritance	9%
6	Evolution	5%
7	Human Health and Disease	6%
8	Microbes in Human Welfare	5%
9	Biotechnology: Principles and Processes	7%
10	Biotechnology and its Application	4%
11	Organisms and Populations	6%
12	Ecosystem	5%
13	Biodiversity and Conservation	7%

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Subject-wise

Key Features of NCERT Solutions

Simple Language: Solutions are described in simple language for better comprehension.
Pointed Answers: Points are used to frame answers to enable quick comprehension.
New Syllabus: Solutions are aligned with the newest CBSE syllabus.
For Medical Entrance Exams: Effective for NEET and other medical entrance exams.
Free from Technical Terms: Principles are explained free from technical terms.

Importance of NCERT Solutions

These are of utmost significance to practice for board exams as well as competitive exams. They provide elaborate details regarding NCERT textbook questions and prepare students to tackle questions with the right mindset. It is essential to solve them in order to obtain high marks in exams. NCERT Class 12 biology solutions are provided for 13 chapters with easy and simple language designed by subject experts to provide students a quick grasp of the concepts with better retention. Along with NCERT solutions, students can use CBSE Revision Notes to practice problems and CBSE previous year papers for board exam preparation, which increases their confidence and chances of scoring better in exams.

Chapter-wise links of Biology Solutions For Class 12

This section provides links to all the chapters in Class 12 Biology. Students can go through the materials to understand the topics and practice questions for better preparation. This increases your learning and makes revision better before exams.

The following are the links to download the PDF for all chapters:

NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 1 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 2 Human Reproduction

NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 3 Reproductive Health

NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 4 Principles of Inheritance and Variation

NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 5 Molecular basis of inheritance

NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 6 Evolution

NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 7 Human health and disease

NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 8 Microbes in Human Welfare

NCERT Solutions for class 12 Biology Chapter 9 Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology and its Application

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Organisms and Populations

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 12 Ecosystem

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 13 Biodiversity and Conservation

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Are the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology reliable?

Yes, these NCERT solutions are solved by subject matter experts. So you can completely rely on the solutions.

2. How many chapters are there in the NCERT book for Class 12 Biology?

There are a total of 16 chapters in Class 12 Biology.

3. Will the questions in Board exams be directly asked from the NCERT book?

No, the questions will only be based on the NCERT book.

4. Which book is best for Class 12 Biology?

NCERT Biology Textbook is considered to be the best book for the Class 12 exam. This book adheres closely to the CBSE curriculum. Since the question papers are based on the prescribed CBSE syllabus for the subject, it serves as a good starting point for preparation for board exams.

5. How do NCERT Solutions of Class 12 Biology help in exam preparation?

The NCERT textbook questions are a great resource for helping students study in-depth and perform well on exams and tests. Students can begin studying the NCERT Solutions Class 12 Biology with efficiency, which will result in improved performance in subsequent coursework. In turn, this would help students gain a firm grasp of the curriculum.

6. How to download NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology?

Visit the Careers360 website and select NCERT Solutions, or go to the link https://school.careers360.com/ncert/ncert-solutions and go to NCERT solutions for class 12 biology and view/download the solutions. You may need to register yourself before downloading, which is also free. So, just go for it, as all concepts are covered in-depth in these solutions.

7. Does careers360 provide free NCERT Biology Solutions for Class 12?

Yes, you can view and download these solutions in PDF format for free. Students can access PDF solutions if they have trouble figuring out the exercises' questions in the NCERT textbook. Our experts provide the best answers to the questions so that students can prepare for exams more easily.

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Popular Questions

A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms^-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is

Option 1) $0.34\; J$	Option 2) $0.16\; J$
Option 3) $1.00\; J$	Option 4) $0.67\; J$

A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times. Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated. How much fat will he use up considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up ? Fat supplies 3.8×10⁷J of energy per kg which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate. Take g = 9.8 ms⁻² :

Option 1)

2.45×10⁻³ kg

Option 2)

6.45×10⁻³ kg

Option 3)

9.89×10⁻³ kg

Option 4)

12.89×10⁻³ kg

An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range

Option 1) $2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J$	Option 2) $200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J$
Option 3) $2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J$	Option 4) $20,000 \, \, J - 50,000 \, \, J$

A particle is projected at 60⁰ to the horizontal with a kinetic energy $K$ . The kinetic energy at the highest point

Option 1) $K/2\,$	Option 2) $\; K\;$
Option 3) $zero\;$	Option 4) $K/4$

In the reaction,

$2Al_{(s)}+6HCL_{(aq)}\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}\, _{(aq)}+6Cl^{-}\, _{(aq)}+3H_{2(g)}$

Option 1) $11.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}$ at STP is produced for every mole $HCL_{(aq)}$ consumed	Option 2) $6L\, HCl_{(aq)}$ is consumed for ever $3L\, H_{2(g)}$ produced
Option 3) $33.6 L\, H_{2(g)}$ is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts	Option 4) $67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}$ at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .

How many moles of magnesium phosphate, $Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}$ will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?

Option 1) 0.02	Option 2) 3.125 × 10^-2
Option 3) 1.25 × 10^-2	Option 4) 2.5 × 10^-2

If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12, mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative atomic mass unit, the mass of one mole of a substance will

Option 1) decrease twice	Option 2) increase two fold
Option 3) remain unchanged	Option 4) be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.

With increase of temperature, which of these changes?

Option 1) Molality	Option 2) Weight fraction of solute
Option 3) Fraction of solute present in water	Option 4) Mole fraction.

Number of atoms in 558.5 gram Fe (at. wt.of Fe = 55.85 g mol^-1) is

Option 1) twice that in 60 g carbon	Option 2) 6.023 × 10²²
Option 3) half that in 8 g He	Option 4) 558.5 × 6.023 × 10²³

A pulley of radius 2 m is rotated about its axis by a force F = (20t - 5t²) newton (where t is measured in seconds) applied tangentially. If the moment of inertia of the pulley about its axis of rotation is 10 kg m² , the number of rotations made by the pulley before its direction of motion if reversed, is