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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 13 Photosynthesis in Higher Plants: According to the CBSE Syllabus 2023–24, the Photosynthesis NCERT chapter of Biology Class 11 has been renumbered as Chapter 11. You may have heard that green plants make their own food through photosynthesis. In Class 11 Biology NCERT Solutions, students will learn that during the process of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is taken in by leaves through stomata and is used for making carbohydrates, glucose, and starch. Student now can download the NCERT Solutions for Biology. The vast knowledge of the subject experts who created the NCERT Solutions for Class 11 helps students understand the subjects covered in the latest CBSE syllabus. In addition to assisting students in fully understanding a concept, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants NCERT is essential for the exam because a stronger understanding paves the way for further study. In the Solutions of NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 13 Photosynthesis in Higher Plants, you will get those questions along with their answers, which will be related to the Photosynthesis in Higher Plants NCERT Textbook. You know that photosynthesis takes place only in the green parts of plants, mainly in the leaves.
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In Photosynthesis in Higher Plants NCERT Solutions, you will learn that within the leaves, the mesophyll cells have a large number of chloroplasts that are responsible for fixation. And within the chloroplasts, the membranes are sites for the light reaction. The chemosynthetic pathway occurs in the stroma. Also, make sure that you go through each concept of Photosynthesis NCERT for 11th Biology very carefully because it's important and you can get answers to all the questions in NCERT solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 13 Photosynthesis in Higher Plants. According to the NCERT Photosynthesis has two stages: the light reaction and the carbon fixing reactions. If you are looking for an answer from any other chapter, even from any other class, then go with NCERT Solutions, there you will get all the answers to Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Class 11 NCERT PDF easily.
Biology Class 11: In photosynthesis NCERT, you will also study the carbon fixation cycle, where CO 2 is added by the enzyme, RuBisCo, to a 5-carbon compound RuBP that is converted to 2 molecules of 3-carbon PGA. This is then converted to sugar by the Calvin cycle, and the RuBP is regenerated. During this process, ATP and NADPH synthesised in the light reaction are utilized. RuBisCO also catalyzes a wasteful oxygenation reaction in C3 plants: photorespiration.
After going through Photosynthesis in Higher Plants NCERT, you must be able to answer the questions that are given in Photosynthesis NCERT PDF:
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The Photosynthesis in Higher Plants NCERT Solutions have detailed answers with diagrams and graphs wherever required.
Q1. By looking at a plant externally can you tell whether a plant is C 3 or C 4 ? Why and how?
Answer:
External morphology does not necessarily differentiates plants from plants. The leaves are isobilateral but all isobilateral leaves are not in nature. Anatomically, plants can be differentiated from plants as plants possess leaves with Kranz anatomy.
Class 11 Bio Chapter 13 NCERT Solutions
Answer:
By looking at the internal structure of the leaf, it can be revealed whether the plant is C3 or C4. In C4 plants, a leaf has Kranz anatomy wherein the undifferentiated mesophyll occurs in concentric layers around vascular bundles. Each vascular bundle is surrounded by a bundle sheath of large sized chloroplast containing cells. The chloroplasts of the bundle sheath cells are devoid of grana but contain starch grains. The chloroplasts of the mesophyll cells are granal and starch grains do not occur in them. In C3 plants, bundle sheath cells are neither very large, nor they contain chloroplasts. The mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma. All chloroplasts are granal and possess starch grains.
Answer:
The productivity of a plant is directly proportional to the rate of photosynthesis which in turn is dependent on the amount of carbon dioxide present in a plant. In C4 plants a mechanism for increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide is present. Here, the Calvin cycle occurs in the bundle-sheath cells. The C4 compound malic acid from the mesophyll cells is broken down inside the bundle- sheath cells. This causes the release of carbon dioxide gas. The increase in Carbon dioxide gas ensures that the enzyme RuBisCo does not act as an oxygenase, but as a carboxylase. This prevents losses by photorespiration thus increasing the rate of photosynthesis. Hence, it can be concluded that even though a very few cells in a plant carry out the biosynthetic – Calvin pathway, yet they are highly productive.
Q4. RuBisCo is an enzyme that acts both as a carboxylase and oxygenase. Why do you think RuBisCo carries out more carboxylation in C 4 plants?
Answer:
RuBisCO functions as oxygenase only when there is a higher concentration of oxygen and a lower concentration of carbon dioxide. Both these conditions are not found in bundle sheath cells of C4 plants. These do not have a photolytic evolution of oxygen. They receive a regular supply of carbon dioxide even when the stomata are closed. Therefore, RuBisCO of C4 plants functions only as a carboxylase and not as oxygenase.
Class 11 Biology Chapter 13 Questions
Answer:
Chlorophyll-a molecules are essential for the process of photosynthesis as they act as antenna molecules. These molecules get excited by absorbing photons and emit electrons during cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation. Chlorophyll a molecules form the reaction centres for both photosystems I and II. Due to these reasons, photosynthesis is absent in plants lacking chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll b, carotenoids and xanthophylls are accessory pigments. The major functions of these pigments are as follows
1. Absorption of light rays of different wavelengths and transfer of this energy to reaction centres.
2. Carotenoids and xanthophylls also protect the chlorophyll molecule from photo-oxidation.
Thus, it can be concluded that if any plant were to lack chlorophyll-a and contain a high concentration of chlorophyll-b, then this plant would not undergo photosynthesis.
Answer:
A leaf kept in dark for long becomes yellow or pale green because of the disintegration of chlorophylls. Light is essential for the production of the chlorophyll pigment. In the absence of light, the production of chlorophyll-a molecules stops and they get broken slowly. It results in the change in colour of the leaf to light green. This causes, the xanthophyll and carotenoid pigments to become predominant, causing the leaf to become yellow. Carotenoids which provide yellow colour to the leaf are more stable.
Answer:
The leaves in shade are much greener than the ones exposed to sunlight because of the following reasons.
Ch 13 Bio Class 11 NCERT Solutions
(a) At which point/s (A, B or C) in the curve is light a limiting factor?
Answer:
At the A point, light is the limiting factor because the rate of photosynthesis is minimum here.
(b) What could be the limiting factor/s in region A ?
Answer:
IN region A light is a limiting factor. The other limiting factors in this region can be temperature, CO 2 and H 2 O.
(c) What do C and D represent on the curve?
Answer:
C represents a stage beyond which light is not a limiting factor and D is the line beyond which the intensity of light does not affect the rate of photosynthesis.
Q9. Give comparison between the following:
(a) C 3 and C 4 pathway
Answer:
C3 Pathway | C4 Pathway |
There are plants in which the first stable product after the carbon assimilation is a 3-carbon molecule i.e. 3-phosphoglyceric acid. These plants are called C3 plants while the pathway for carbon assimilation in them is called the C3 pathway. | In the plants found in the tropical area, the first stable product after carbon assimilation is a 4 carbon molecule or oxaloacetice acid instead of a 3 carbon compound. These plants are called C4 plants and the pathway of carbon fixation is called as the C4 pathway. |
The cells involved are mesophyll cells | The cells involved are mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells |
It is seen in all photosynthetic plants. | It is seen in tropical plants |
The enzyme involved is RuBP carboxylase. | The enzyme involved: In mesophyll cells is PEP carboxylase. In bundle sheath cells is RuBP carboxylase. |
Q9. Give comparison between the following:
(b) Cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation
Answer:
Cyclic photophosphorylation | Non-cyclic photophosphorylation |
Only photosystem I is involved in cyclic photophosphorylation | Both photosystems I and II are involved in non-cyclic photophosphorylation |
The active reaction centre is P700 | The active reaction centre is P680 |
Electron transportation occurs in a cyclic manner | Electron transport occurs in a non-cyclic manner |
Oxygen evolution does not occur | Oxygen is released as a by product |
Only ATP is produced | Both ATP and NADPH are produced |
Q9. Give comparison between the following:
(c) Anatomy of leaf in C 3 and C 4 plant
Answer:
Anatomy of leaf in C3 plants | Anatomy of leaf in C4 plants |
Bundle sheath cells are absent | Bundle sheath cells are present around the vascular bundles |
RuBisCO is found in mesophyll cells | RuBisCO is found in bundle sheath cells |
Plants do not possess 'Kranz' anatomy of leaves. | Leaves show Kranz anatomy |
Chloroplasts are of a single type only | Chloroplasts are dimorphic. The chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells are larger in size and arranged centripetally. |
Mesophyll cells have intercellular spaces | Mesophyll cells do not have intercellular spaces |
For the final exam, NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 13 - Photosynthesis in Higher Plants are crucial. Overall, about 25% of the questions on the final exam are drawn from plant physiology. Of the 70 total marks, 18 are known to come from Unit 4. If you have any queries about understanding Class 11 Biology Chapter 13 which is mentioned in the Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Class 11 NCERT PDF, then again go through Ch 13 Bio Class 11. Try to solve the Class 11 Biology Chapter 13 Questions by yourself and compare them with the Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Class 11 NCERT Solutions.
In order to answer questions given in Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Class 11 NCERT Solutions PDF that test their analytical skills, conceptual understanding, etc., students must thoroughly review and practice answers as well as have a solid understanding of concepts. Chapter 13 biology class 11 NCERT solutions will help you not only for your school exam but also in the preparation of other competitive exams like NEET as it also help to understand the Photosynthesis in Higher Plants NEET Questions.
The important topics and subtopics of Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Class 11 PDF, are given below:
13.1 What do we Know?
13.2 Early Experiments
13.3 Where does Photosynthesis take place?
13.4 How many Pigments are involved in Photosynthesis?
13.5 What is Light Reaction?
13.6 The Electron Transport
13.6.1 Splitting of Water
13.6.2 Cyclic and Non-cyclic Photo-phosphorylation
13.6.3 Chemiosmotic Hypothesis
13.7 Where are the ATP and NADPH Used?
13.7.1 The Primary Acceptor of CO_2
13.7.2 The Calvin Cycle
13.8 The C_4 Pathway
13.9 Photorespiration
13.10 Factors affecting Photosynthesis
13.10.1 Light
13.10.2 Carbon dioxide Concentration
13.10.3 Temperature
13.10.4 Water
Chapter 1 | The Living World |
Chapter 2 | Biological Classification |
Chapter 3 | Plant Kingdom |
Chapter 4 | Animal Kingdom |
Chapter 5 | Morphology of Flowering Plants |
Chapter 6 | Anatomy of Flowering Plants |
Chapter 7 | Structural Organisation in Animals |
Chapter 8 | Cell: The Unit of Life |
Chapter 9 | Biomolecules |
Chapter 10 | Cell Cycle and Cell Division |
Chapter 11 | Transport in Plants |
Chapter 12 | Mineral Nutrition |
Chapter 13 | Photosynthesis in Higher Plants |
Chapter 14 | Respiration in Plants |
Chapter 15 | Plant Growth and Development |
Chapter 16 | Digestion and Absorption |
Chapter 17 | Breathing and Exchange of Gases |
Chapter 18 | Body Fluids and Circulation |
Chapter 19 | Excretory Products and their Elimination |
Chapter 20 | Locomotion and Movement |
Chapter 21 | Neural Control and Coordination |
Chapter 22 | Chemical Coordination and Integration |
The key features of Class 11 Bio Chapter 13 NCERT Solutions are listed below:
These are the important topics of photosynthesis in higher plants NCERT ?
In plants, carotenoids which provide yellow colour to the leaf are more stable.
The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary.
Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.
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The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.
Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.
Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.
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The role of geotechnical engineer starts with reviewing the projects needed to define the required material properties. The work responsibilities are followed by a site investigation of rock, soil, fault distribution and bedrock properties on and below an area of interest. The investigation is aimed to improve the ground engineering design and determine their engineering properties that include how they will interact with, on or in a proposed construction.
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The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.
Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.
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An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.
Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.
An investment director is a person who helps corporations and individuals manage their finances. They can help them develop a strategy to achieve their goals, including paying off debts and investing in the future. In addition, he or she can help individuals make informed decisions.
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A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.
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Individuals who opt for a career as construction managers have a senior-level management role offered in construction firms. Responsibilities in the construction management career path are assigning tasks to workers, inspecting their work, and coordinating with other professionals including architects, subcontractors, and building services engineers.
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Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.
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Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth.
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The hospital Administrator is in charge of organising and supervising the daily operations of medical services and facilities. This organising includes managing of organisation’s staff and its members in service, budgets, service reports, departmental reporting and taking reminders of patient care and services.
For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs.
Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.
Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.
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Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.
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The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.
A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications.
A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.
In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism, Advertising, Marketing Management. Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook.
Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.
For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.
In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion.
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Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.
Linguistic meaning is related to language or Linguistics which is the study of languages. A career as a linguistic meaning, a profession that is based on the scientific study of language, and it's a very broad field with many specialities. Famous linguists work in academia, researching and teaching different areas of language, such as phonetics (sounds), syntax (word order) and semantics (meaning).
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The career of a travel journalist is full of passion, excitement and responsibility. Journalism as a career could be challenging at times, but if you're someone who has been genuinely enthusiastic about all this, then it is the best decision for you. Travel journalism jobs are all about insightful, artfully written, informative narratives designed to cover the travel industry. Travel Journalist is someone who explores, gathers and presents information as a news article.
Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues.
A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product.
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A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans.
A metallurgical engineer is a professional who studies and produces materials that bring power to our world. He or she extracts metals from ores and rocks and transforms them into alloys, high-purity metals and other materials used in developing infrastructure, transportation and healthcare equipment.
An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems.
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Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.
A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack
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