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Have you ever organized your notes according to the requirement, grouped your photos by location, planned a guest list according to occasion, created a playlist of your favorite songs, or sorted your clothes by color? Then you've already used the concept of sets in your daily life. In mathematics, a set is nothing but simply a collection of well-defined objects. In Chapter 1, Maths Exercise 1.5, you will learn about the complement of a set, De Morgan's law, the law of double complementation, and the laws of the empty set and universal set, which are also covered in the NCERT.
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The NCERT Solutions of chapter 1 exercise 1.5 are designed by our experienced subject experts to offer a systematic and structured approach to these important concepts and help students to prepare well for exams and to gain knowledge about all the natural processes happening around them by a series of solved examples. These NCERT Solutions also follow the CBSE pattern so that the students learn the correct way to answer questions, which in turn improves their ability to tackle both theoretical and numerical problems. Also c
Question 1: Let U = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }, A = { 1, 2, 3, 4}, B = { 2, 4, 6, 8 } and C = { 3, 4, 5, 6 }. Find
(i) A′
(ii) B′
(iii) (A
(iv) (A
(v) (A')'
(vi) (B – C)'
Answer:
U = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }, A = { 1, 2, 3, 4}, B = { 2, 4, 6, 8 } and C = { 3, 4, 5, 6 }
(i) A′ = U - A = {5,6,7,8,9}
(ii) B′ = U - B = {1,3,5,7,9}
(iii) A
(A
(iv) (A
(A
(v) (A')' = A = { 1, 2, 3, 4}
(vi) (B – C) = {2,8}
(B – C)' = U - (B – C) = {1,3,4,5,6,7,9}
Question 2: If U = { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h}, find the complements of the following sets :
(i) A = {a, b, c}
(ii) B = {d, e, f, g}
(iii) C = {a, c, e, g}
(iv) D = { f, g, h, a}
Answer:
U = { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h}
(i) A = {a, b, c}
A' = U - A = {d,e,f,g,h}
(ii) B = {d, e, f, g}
B' = U - B = {a,b,c,h}
(iii) C = {a, c, e, g}
C' = U - C = {b,d,f,h}
(iv) D = { f, g, h, a}
D' = U - D = {b,c,d,e}
Question 3: Taking the set of natural numbers as the universal set, write down the complements of the following sets:
(i) {x : x is an even natural number}
(ii) { x : x is an odd natural number }
(iii) {x : x is a positive multiple of 3}
(iv) { x : x is a prime number }
(v) {x : x is a natural number divisible by 3 and 5}
Answer:
Universal set = U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7....................}
(i) {x : x is an even natural number} = {2,4,6,8,..........}
{x : x is an even natural number}'= U - {x : x is an even natural number} = {1,3,5,7,9,..........} = {x : x is an odd natural number}
(ii) { x : x is an odd natural number }' = U - { x : x is an odd natural number } = {x : x is an even natural number}
(iii) {x : x is a positive multiple of 3}' = U - {x : x is a positive multiple of 3} = {x : x , x
(iv) { x : x is a prime number }' = U - { x : x is a prime number } = { x : x is a positive composite number and 1 }
(v) {x : x is a natural number divisible by 3 and 5}' = U - {x : x is a natural number divisible by 3 and 5} = {x : x is a natural number not divisible by 3 or 5}
Question 3: Taking the set of natural numbers as the universal set, write down the complements of the following sets:
(vi) { x : x is a perfect square }
(vii) { x : x is a perfect cube}
(viii) { x : x + 5
(ix) { x : 2x + 5
(x) { x : x
(xi) { x : x
Answer:
Universal set = U = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8.............}
(vi) { x : x is a perfect square }' = U - { x : x is a perfect square } = { x : x
(vii) { x : x is a perfect cube}' = U - { x : x is a perfect cube} = { x : x
(viii) { x : x + 5
(ix) { x : 2x + 5
(x) { x : x
(xi) { x : x
Question 4: If U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }, A = {2, 4, 6, 8} and B = { 2, 3, 5, 7}. Verify that
(i) (A
(ii) (A
Answer:
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }, A = {2, 4, 6, 8} and B = { 2, 3, 5, 7}
(i) (A
L.H.S = (A
R.H.S = A′
L.H.S = R.H.S
Hence,the statement is true.
(ii) (A
L.H.S = U - (A
R.H.S = A′
L.H.S = R.H.S
Hence,the statement is true.
Question 5: Draw appropriate Venn diagram for each of the following :
(i) (A ∪ B)′
(ii) A′ ∩ B′
(iii) (A ∩ B)′
(iv) A′ ∪ B′
Answer:
(i) (A ∪ B)′
(A ∪ B) is in yellow colour
(A ∪ B)′ is in green colour
ii) A′ ∩ B′ is represented by the green colour in the below figure
iii) (A ∩ B)′ is represented by green colour in the below diagram and white colour represents (A ∩ B)
iv) A′ ∪ B′
The green colour represents A′ ∪ B′
Answer:
A' is the set of all triangles whose angle is
Question:7 Fill in the blanks to make each of the following a true statement :
(i) A
(ii)
(iii) A
(iv) U′
Answer:
The following are the answers for the questions
(i) A
(ii)
(iii) A
(iv) U′
Also read
1) Complement of a Set: It refers to all the elements that are not in the given set, but are in the universal set. If U is the universal set, A is a subset of U, then the complement of A (denoted by A’ or Ac)
2) Some Properties of Complement Sets
Also Read
Students can refer to the subject-wise NCERT solutions. The links to solutions are given below
Students can access the NCERT exemplar solutions to enhance their deep understanding of the topic. These solutions are aligned with the CBSE syllabus and also help in competitive exams
A′ = U -A = { 2, 4 }
A′ = (U -A)' = U - (U - A) = A = { 1, 3 }
A U A' = U = {1, 2,3,4,5,7}
The complement of the universal set is an empty set.
The complement of the empty set is a universal set.
A' = U - A = { a, e, f, g, h}
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