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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 Breathing and Exchange of Gases: According to the latest CBSE syllabus, this chapter is classified under Unit 5: Human Physiology. Learn the mechanisms of inspiration and expiration here. The most recent CBSE Syllabus has been updated in NCERT Solutions. Your best chance of passing the board exams is to have a well-thought-out plan supported by extensive and in-depth conceptual learning. Students can rely on NCERT Solutions for Class 11 because of this.
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Biology NCERT Solutions for Class 11 are made available by Careers360 in an effort to give students the best resource for meeting Class 11 academic requirements. Due to the fact that it gives precisely the information needed for each Breathing and Exchange of Gases Class 11 Questions and Answers, these Class 11 Biology NCERT Solutions are regarded by students as one of the best answers. In Breathing and Exchange of Gases NCERT Solutions, you will get to know that oxygen () is utilized by organisms by (indirectly) breaking down simple molecules like glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, etc., so that energy can be derived to perform various activities. Now Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 NCERT Solutions are also available in Breathing and Exchange of Gases NCERT PDF, given here.
Ch 17 Biology Class 11 says that Carbon dioxide ( ) is among those gases that are harmful. In the Breathing and Exchange of Gases Class 11 NCERT Solutions, you will get questions and solutions related to these topics. You will study in Class 11 Bio Ch 17 NCERT Solutions that there is a process of exchange from the atmosphere with produced by the cells that are called breathing and commonly it is known as respiration. Simply place your hands on your chest; you can feel a slight motion in the chest moving up and down. You know that it is due to breathing. How do we breathe? As per the NCERT Solutions of Chapter 17 Biology Class 11, the answer is with the help of respiratory organs, and the mechanisms of breathing are the most important one. In NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 Breathing and Exchange of Gases you get questions related to this. If you are looking for an answer from any other chapter, even from any other class, then go with NCERT Solutions, there you will get all the answers.
In Breathing and Exchange of Gases NCERT, you will study that inspiration and expiration are carried out by creating pressure gradients between the atmosphere and the alveoli with the help of specialised muscles, which are the intercostals and diaphragm. You will also learn in Class 11 Chapter 17 Biology NCERT Solutions that respiratory rhythm is maintained by the respiratory centre which is located in the medulla region of our brain. In the Breathing and Exchange of Gases NCERT PDF, you will get questions all related to our breathing, exchange of gases and their mechanisms.
After going through the Ch 17 Biology Class 11, you must be able to understand the answers to all the following questions given in the Breathing and Exchange of Gases PDF:
According to the CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, this chapter has been renumbered as Chapter 14.
Also, Read
The complete Class 11 Bio Ch 17 NCERT Solutions are given below:
Q1. Define vital capacity. What is its significance?
Answer:
Vital capacity refers to the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration. It is about 3.5 — 4.5 liters in the human body.
It promotes the act of supplying fresh air and getting rid of foul air, thereby increasing the gaseous exchange between the tissues and the environment.
Q2. State the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal breathing.
Answer:
The volume of air remaining in the lungs after normal breathing is called functional residual capacity (FRC). It combines expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and residual volume (RV). ERV is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal expiration and it is about 1000 mL to 1500 mL. RV, on the other hand, refers to the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration and is about 1100 mL to 1500 mL.
Thus, FRC = ERV + RV
1500 + 1500 = 3000 mL
Hence, functional residual capacity of the human lungs is about 2500 - 3000 mL.
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 - Breathing and Exchange of Gases:
Answer:
For efficient exchange of gases, the respiratory surface must have certain characteristics such as
1. It must be thin, moist and permeable to respiratory gases
2. It must be very large
3. It must be highly vascular
Only alveolar region has these characteristics. Thus, diffusion of gases occurs in this region only.
Q4. What are the major transport mechanisms for CO_2? Explain.
Answer:
The major transport mechanisms for CO2 is transported by sodium bicarbonate as well as red blood cells. See, about 70% of carbon dioxide is transported as sodium bicarbonate. As CO 2 diffuses into the blood plasma, a large part of it combines with water to form carbonic acid in the presence of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Carbonic anhydrase is a zinc enzyme that speeds up the formation of carbonic acid. This carbonic acid dissociates into bicarbonate (HCO 3 – ) and hydrogen ions (H + ). About 20 – 25% of CO 2 is transported by the red blood cells as carbaminohaemoglobin. Carbon dioxide binds to the amino groups on the polypeptide chains of hemoglobin and forms a compound known as carbaminohaemoglobin.
Chapter 17 Biology Class 11 Exercise Solutions
Q5. What will be the pO_2 and pCO_2in the atmospheric air compared to those in the alveolar air?
(i) lesser, higher
(ii) higher, lesser
(iii) higher, higher
(iv) lesser, lesser
Answer:
PO 2 higher, pCO 2 lesser
As the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air is higher than that of oxygen in alveolar air. So, in atmospheric air, pO 2 is about 159 mm Hg and in alveolar air, it is about 104 mm Hg. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in atmospheric air is lesser than that of carbon dioxide in alveolar air.
In atmospheric air, pCO 2 is about 0.3 mmHg and in alveolar air, it is about 40 mm Hg.
Q6. Explain the process of inspiration under normal conditions.
Answer:
Inspiration is the process, during which atmospheric air is drawn inside the body. It can occur if the pressure within the lungs (intra-pulmonary pressure) is less than the atmospheric pressure, i.e., there is a negative pressure in the lungs with respect to atmospheric pressure.
It is initiated by the contraction of diaphragm which increases the volume of the thoracic chamber in the anteroposterior axis. The contraction of external intercostal muscles lifts up the ribs and the sternum causing an increase in the volume of the thoracic chamber in the dorso-ventral axis. The overall increase in the thoracic volume causes a similar increase in pulmonary volume. An increase in pulmonary volume decreases the intra-pulmonary pressure to less than the atmospheric pressure which forces the air from outside to move into the lungs,
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 - Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Q7. How is respiration regulated?
Answer:
A center present in the medulla region of the brain called respiratory rhythm center and it is primarily responsible for respiration regulation. And another center which is present in the pons region of the brain called pneumotaxic center. It can moderate the functions of the respiratory rhythm center. The neural signal from this center can reduce the duration of inspiration and thereby alter the respiratory rate.
A chemosensitive area is situated adjacent to the rhythm center which is highly sensitive to CO 2 and hydrogen ions. Increase in these substances can activate this center, which in turn can signal the rhythm center to make necessary adjustments in the respiratory process by which these substances can be eliminated. Receptors associated with aortic arch and carotid artery also can recognize changes in CO 2 and H + concentration and send necessary signals to the rhythm center for remedial actions. The role of oxygen in the regulation of respiratory rhythm is quite insignificant.
Q8. What is the effect of pCO_2 on oxygen transport?
Answer:
Breathing and exchange of gases chapter will tell you that pCO_2 plays an important role in the transportation of oxygen. The low pCO_2 and high pO_2 favors the formation of oxyhaemoglobin take place at alveolus. And at the tissues, the high pCO_2 and low pO_2 favor the dissociation of oxygen from oxyhaemoglobin. So, the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen is enhanced by the decrease of pCO_2 in blood. Therefore, oxygen is transported in the blood as oxyhaemoglobin and oxygen dissociate from it at the tissues.
Chapter 17 Biology Class 11 NCERT Solutions
Q9. What happens to the respiratory process in a man going up a hill?
Answer:
When a man goes uphill, he gets less oxygen with each breath and as we know that when altitude increases, the oxygen level in the atmosphere decreases.
Because of this, the amount of oxygen in the blood start to decline. The respiratory rate increases in the response to the decrease in the oxygen content of the blood. Simultaneously, the rate of heartbeat increases to increase the supply of oxygen to the blood.
Q10. What is the site of gaseous exchange in an insect?
Answer:
In insects, gaseous exchange takes place through a network of tubes collectively known as the tracheal system. The small openings on the sides of an insect’s body are called spiracles and oxygen-rich air enters through the spiracles. These spiracles are connected to the network of tubes. From the spiracles, oxygen enters the tracheae and from here, oxygen diffuses into the cells of the body. The movement of carbon dioxide follows the reverse path and the CO 2 from the cells of the body first enters the tracheae and then leaves the body through the spiracles.
Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 NCERT Question Answer
Q11. Define oxygen dissociation curve. Can you suggest any reason for its sigmoidal pattern?
Answer:
The oxygen dissociation curve is a graph which shows the percentage of saturation of oxyhaemoglobin at various partial pressures of oxygen. This curve shows the equilibrium of oxyhaemoglobin and haemoglobin at various partial pressures. In the case of the lungs, the partial pressure of oxygen is high. So, haemoglobin binds to oxygen and forms oxyhaemoglobin.
Q12. Have you heard about hypoxia? Try to gather information about it, and discuss with your friends.
Answer:
Hypoxia is a type of condition characterized by an inadequate or decreased supply of oxygen to the lungs. It is caused by several extrinsic factors such as a reduction in pO_2, inadequate oxygen, etc. It can be also classified as either generalized, affecting the whole body, or local, affecting a region of the body.
Different types of hypoxia are:
Solutions for NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Q13. (a) Distinguish between IRV and ERV
Answer:
Difference between the IRV and ERV are given below:
IRV :
ERV :
Q13. (b) Distinguish betweenInspiratory capacity and Expiratory capacity .
Answer:
Difference between Inspiratory capacity and Expiratory capacity:
Inspiratory capacity:
Expiratory capacity:
Q13 (c).Distinguish between Vital capacity and Total lung capacity.
Answer:
Vital capacity
Total lung capacity
Exchange of Gases Class 11 NCERT Solutions
Q14 What is Tidal volume? Find out the Tidal volume (approximate value) for a healthy human in an hour.
Answer:
Tidal volume is the volume of air that is transported into and out of the lungs ( inspired or expired ) with each normal respiratory cycle. Tidal volume is approximately 6000 to 8000 mL of air per minute for a healthy human.
We can calculate the hourly tidal volume for a healthy human.
If, Tidal volume = 6000 to 8000 mL/minute
So, the Tidal volume in an hour will be:
= 6000 to 8000 mL × (60 min)
= 3.6 × 10 5 mL to 4.8 × 10 5 mL
Hence, the hourly tidal volume for a healthy human is approximately 360000 ml-480000 ml.
The important topics and subtopics of Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 NCERT Solutions are given below:
17.1 Respiratory Organs
17.1.1 Human Respiratory System
17.2 Mechanism of Breathing
17.2.1 Respiratory Volumes and Capacities
17.3 Exchange of Gases
17.4 Transport of Gases
17.4.1 Transport of Oxygen
17.4.2 Transport of Carbon dioxide
17.5 Regulation of Respiration
17.6 Disorders of the Respiratory System
In Ch 17 Biology Class 11, you will learn that all living things engage in respiration, which is a vital life process. Breathing, also known as respiration, is the process of exchanging oxygen from the atmosphere with the carbon dioxide that is produced by the cells. Is there any difference between breathing and respiration? NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 - Breathing and Exchange of Gases answers to all of your questions. Class 11 Biology Ch 17 NCERT Solutions also discussed the various respiratory volumes and capacities.
If you are facing any issues in understanding Breathing and Exchange of Gases NCERT Solutions, then don't worry. Go through Breathing and Exchange of Gases Class 11 NCERT again and try to understand all the concepts of every topic and then write the answers to all these questions on your own. Then, Compare them with Breathing and Exchange of Gases Class 11 NCERT Solutions. You will see that your knowledge, as well as the understanding of these concepts will increase and you will be able to explain the Class 11 Chapter 17 Biology NCERT Solutions in a more better way. Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 NCERT Solutions provides students with insights into the mechanism of breathing.
The key features of Breathing and Exchange of Gases Class 11 PDF are given below:
Chapter 1 | The Living World |
Chapter 2 | Biological Classification |
Chapter 3 | Plant Kingdom |
Chapter 4 | Animal Kingdom |
Chapter 5 | Morphology of Flowering Plants |
Chapter 6 | Anatomy of Flowering Plants |
Chapter 7 | Structural Organisation in Animals |
Chapter 8 | Cell: The Unit of Life |
Chapter 9 | Biomolecules |
Chapter 10 | Cell Cycle and Cell Division |
Chapter 11 | Transport in Plants |
Chapter 12 | Mineral Nutrition |
Chapter 13 | Photosynthesis in Higher Plants |
Chapter 14 | Respiration in Plants |
Chapter 15 | Plant Growth and Development |
Chapter 16 | Digestion and Absorption |
Chapter 17 | Breathing and Exchange of Gases |
Chapter 18 | Body Fluids and Circulation |
Chapter 19 | Excretory Products and their Elimination |
Chapter 20 | Locomotion and Movement |
Chapter 21 | Neural Control and Coordination |
Chapter 22 | Chemical Coordination and Integration |
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths |
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry |
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics |
Given below are the difference between the IRV and ERV are given below:
IRV :
ERV :
These are the difference between Inspiratory capacity and Expiratory capacity:
Inspiratory capacity:
Expiratory capacity:
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An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party.
Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.
A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack