CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26 PDF | Theory & Practical Marks

CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26 PDF | Theory & Practical Marks

Mangane PriyankaUpdated on 21 Aug 2025, 05:03 PM IST

The Central Board of Secondary Education released the latest Class 12 physics syllabus for CBSE board exams 2025-26. The revised syllabus of Physics Class 12 CBSE can be downloaded for the theory and practical sections. Students should refer to the most recent CBSE 12th physics syllabus 2025-26 for upcoming CBSE board exams or competitive exams preparation. This year, the board has not reduced the CBSE 12th syllabus.

This Story also Contains

  1. CBSE 12th Science Syllabus 2025-26
  2. CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26
  3. How to download CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26?
  4. CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26
  5. CBSE 12th Class Physics Syllabus 2025-26
  6. CBSE Class 12 Physics 2025 Syllabus - Marking Scheme
  7. CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26 for Practical
  8. CBSE Class 12 Physics Preparation Tips
CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26 PDF | Theory & Practical Marks
CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26

Subject matter specialists have created this CBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus taking into account the comprehensive ability and aptitude of the students of the 12th class. The CBSE syllabus for class 12 Physics 2025-26 lists topics, marks distribution, and practical exam lists. Through the same, students can identify the topics and sub-topics they need to prepare for the CBSE Class 12th exam. Discover a thorough syllabus for theory and practicals for CBSE Class 12 Physics 2025-26 in the sections below.

CBSE 12th Science Syllabus 2025-26

Here, we have included the links to the subject-wise syllabus of Class 12 science. These links will give a detailed view of the topics and concepts of each syllabus.

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CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26

The CBSE syllabus for Class 12 Physics consists of 9 units. The Physics paper has a duration of 3 hours and carries 70 marks. Students should practise previous question papers based on the syllabus to score well in the exam. The NCERT Class 12 physics solution will help in understanding the real problems. To learn about the unit-by-unit CBSE 12th Physics syllabus and the marks awarded for the exam, see the table provided.

CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26 (Theory)

Unit No. and Name

Chapter/s Name

Marks

1. Electrostatics

Electric Charges and Fields

Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

16

2. Current Electricity

Current Electricity

3. Magnetic Effect of Current & Magnetism

Moving Charges and Magnetism

Magnetism and Matter

17

4. Electromagnetic Induction & Alternating Currents

Electromagnetic Induction

Alternating Currents

5. Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic Waves

18

6. Optics

Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Wave Optics

7. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

12

8. Atoms and Nuclei

Atoms

Nuclei

9. Electronic Devices

Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

7

Total


70

CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical Exam Pattern 2025-26

Particular

Marks in 2025

Two experiments, one from each section

7+7

Practical record [experiments and activities]

5

One activity from any section

3

Investigatory Project

3

Viva on experiments, activities and projects

5

Total

30

How to download CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26?

Download the CBSE 12th Class Physics Syllabus 2025-26 by following the steps provided below:

  • Visit the download web page for the CBSE 12th Physics syllabus by clicking the aforementioned link.

  • Click the "Free Download" option and log in or register as required.

  • It will open a PDF file.

  • Download and save it for later use.

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CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26

The table incorporates the names of all the chapters that are included in the CBSE 12th Physics syllabus 2025-26. Refer to the table and start with a strategic exam preparation, allocating time effectively for each topic.

CBSE 12th Physics Chapters Included in Syllabus 2025-26

S. No.

Chapters

1.

Electric Charges and Fields

2.

Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

3.

Current Electricity

4.

Moving Charges and Magnetism

5.

Magnetism and Matter

6.

Electromagnetic Induction

7.

Alternating Current

8.

Electromagnetic Waves

9.

Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

10.

Wave Optics

11.

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

12.

Atoms

13.

Nuclei

14.

Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

CBSE 12th Class Physics Syllabus 2025-26

To help students prepare, we have included essential topics chapter-wise. The table below provides the entire CBSE syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2025-26.

Detailed CBSE Class 12 Syllabus for Physics 2025-26

Chapters

Important Topics

Electric Charges and Fields

Electric charges, Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field. Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem and its applications to find the field due to an infinitely long straight wire, a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and a uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside).

Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and a system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two-point charges and of an electric dipole in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without a dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor (no derivation, formulae only).

Current Electricity

Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm's law, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, temperature dependence of resistance, Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's rules, Wheatstone bridge.

Moving Charges and Magnetism

Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment. Biot-Savart law and its application to the current-carrying circular loop. Ampere's law and its applications to an infinitely long straight wire. Straight solenoid (only qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere, torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field; Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, moving coil galvanometer, current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.

Magnetism and Matter

Bar magnet, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid (qualitative treatment only), magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis (qualitative treatment only), torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field (qualitative treatment only), magnetic field lines. Magnetic properties of materials- Para-, dia- and ferro - magnetic substances with examples, Magnetisation of materials, effect of temperature on magnetic properties.

Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced EMF and current; Lenz's Law, Self and mutual induction.

Alternating Current

Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit (phasors only), resonance, power in AC circuits, power factor, wattless current. AC generator, Transformer

Electromagnetic Waves

Basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, and their transverse nature (qualitative idea only). Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays), including elementary facts about their uses.

Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light, total internal reflection and optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker’s formula, magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction of light through a prism. Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.

Wave Optics

Wave front and Huygen’s principle, reflection and refraction of a plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen’s principle. Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width (No derivation final expression only), coherent sources and sustained interference of light, diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maxima (qualitative treatment only).

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation-particle nature of light. Experimental study of the photoelectric effect: Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation.

Atoms

Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of the atom; Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, Expression for the radius of the nth possible orbit, velocity and energy of the electron in its orbit, of hydrogen line spectra (qualitative treatment only).

Nuclei

Composition and size of nucleus, nuclear force, Mass-energy relation, mass defect, binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number; nuclear fission, nuclear fusion.

Semiconductor Electronics

Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative ideas only). Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors- p and n type, p-n junction, Semiconductor diode - I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, application of junction diode -diode as a rectifier.

CBSE Class 12 Physics 2025 Syllabus - Marking Scheme

The following table provides the CBSE class 12th Physics syllabus marking scheme. To determine the number of questions from a given kind that will be asked, students must go over the marking scheme from the CBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus 2025-26.

Marking Scheme for CBSE 12th Physics Syllabus 2025-26

Typology of Questions

Total marks

Approximate Percentage

Remembering and Understanding

27

38%

Applying

22

32%

Analysing, Evaluating and Creating

21

30%

Total

70

100%

Practical

30


Gross total

100


CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26 for Practical

The CBSE Class 12 Physics practicals syllabus is mentioned in the table below. Students can have a look at the syllabus. They must maintain their practical file properly throughout the year and try to score full marks in the practical section to obtain a good final score in the subject.

Particulars

Details

Apparatus for Identification & Familiarity

Meter scale, voltmeter, ammeter, battery/power supply, connecting wires, standard resistances, meter bridge, screw gauge, jockey, galvanometer, resistance box, potentiometer, Leclanché cell, Daniell cell, rheostat, plug-in/tapping keys, diode, resistors, capacitors, inductors, electric/electronic bell, lenses (convex/concave), mirrors (convex/concave), core/hollow wooden cylinder, insulated wire, transformer core, ferromagnetic rod.

List of Experiments

1. Find resistance per cm of wire (V-I graph)

2. Verify laws of resistance (series/parallel)

3. Measure resistance using a meter bridge

4. Find galvanometer resistance (half deflection method)

5. Identify the resistor, capacitor, inductor, and diode

6. Distinguish between convex/concave lenses and mirrors; estimate the power difference

7. Design inductor coil; study effects of turns and core material

8. Design a step-up/step-down transformer and study the input-output voltage relation

Best Reference Books for Class 12 CBSE Physics

The books listed below have been recommended by the CBSE board for class 12 students.

  • Physics, Class XII, Part I and II, Published by NCERT.

  • Laboratory Manual of Physics for Class XII, Published by NCERT.

  • The list of related books and manuals was brought out by NCERT (consider multimedia).

CBSE Class 12 Physics Preparation Tips

Physics is a subject that many students perceive to be quite challenging, yet with consistent practice and intelligent study habits, one can efficiently perform well on the Physics examination. Here are a few preparation tips for CBSE class 12th Physics:

  • Analyse the entire CBSE Class 12 Physics course syllabus for 2025-26. Identify the key sections and subjects.

  • Create a productive study schedule to finish the Class 12 Physics CBSE syllabus on time.

  • Regularly practise using all diagrams, derivations, etc.

  • Solving CBSE class 12 question papers 2025-26 can help you become familiar with the exam format and the kinds of questions that have been asked in the past.

  • Make it a routine to study for at least 3–4 hours each day.

  • To improve speed and accuracy, practise more with CBSE class 12 sample papers 2025-26

Also, read:


Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: What is the maximum mark for the CBSE Class 12th Physics paper?
A:

The maximum score for the paper is 100 according to the CBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus for 2025-26. broken down into 70 for theory and 30 for practicals.

Q: Is the NCERT book sufficient to cover the CBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus 2025-26?
A:

Yes, the NCERT Books for Class 12 are sufficient to cover the CBSE 12th physics curriculum. Students can also practise with other reference books to learn more.

Q: Is maintaining a separate practical notebook for Physics necessary?
A:

Yes, keeping a practical notebook is necessary. Students must submit this when they take the practical exam.

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Questions related to CBSE Class 12th

On Question asked by student community

Have a question related to CBSE Class 12th ?

Hello

Yes, if you’re not satisfied with your marks even after the improvement exam, many education boards allow you to reappear as a private candidate next year to improve your scores. This means you can register independently, study at your own pace, and take the exams without attending regular classes. It’s a good option to improve your results and open up more opportunities for higher studies or careers. Just make sure to check the specific rules and deadlines of your education board so you don’t miss the registration window. Keep your focus, and you will do better next time.

Hello Aspirant,

Yes, in the case that you appeared for the 2025 improvement exam and your roll number is different from what was on the previous year’s marksheet, the board will usually release a new migration certificate. This is because the migration certificate will reflect the most recent exam details, roll number and passing year. You can apply to get it from your board using the process prescribed by them either online or through your school/college.

Yes, if you miss the 1st CBSE exam due to valid reasons, then you can appear for the 2nd CBSE compartment exam.

From the academic year 2026, the board will conduct the CBSE 10th exam twice a year, while the CBSE 12th exam will be held once, as per usual. For class 10th, the second phase exam will act as the supplementary exam. Check out information on w hen the CBSE first exam 2026 will be conducted and changes in 2026 CBSE Board exam by clicking on the link .

If you want to change your stream to humanities after getting a compartment in one subject in the CBSE 12th Board Exam , you actually have limited options to qualify for your board exams. You can prepare effectively and appear in the compartment examination for mathematics again. If you do not wish to continue with the current stream, you can take readmission in the Humanities stream and start from Class 11th again, and continue studying for two more years to qualify for the 12th examination.

The GUJCET Merit List is prepared based on the Class 12th marks and GUJCET marks received by the students. CBSE students who are not from the Gujarat board can definitely compete with GSEB students, as their eligibility is decided based on the combined marks scored by them in GUJCET and the 12th board. The weightage of the GUJCET score is 40% and the weightage of the class 12 scores is 60%.