NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology: Chapter Details
The Class 12 covers a total of 13 chapters in Biology, including reproduction, genetics, microbes in human welfare, etc. All these chapters are well-explained in easy language. These solutions are designed to match the latest NCERT syllabus and are perfect for exam preparation. The Class 12 Biology NCERT Solutions include detailed, step-by-step answers to textbook questions.
Unit VI: Reproduction
Chapter 1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
This chapter explains important processes such as pollination, fertilisation, and the formation of seeds. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology PDF also help students understand the anatomy and functioning of the components of a flower. Students will learn about how flowers develop male and female reproductive parts. By understanding these processes, students can better appreciate how new plants are formed.
Chapter 2: Human Reproduction
This chapter includes the complete process of gamete formation (gametogenesis)in both males and females. In addition to understanding human reproductive systems, students will also explore components that form the male and female reproductive systems. The complete process of childbirth is explained in the Class 12 Biology NCERT Solutions with the help of images and flow charts.
Chapter 3: Reproductive Health
Reproductive Health is an important chapter under the 12th syllabus. It deals with the health and normal functioning of the reproductive organs. This chapter talks about important topics such as family planning, STDs, infertility, and birth control measures. Class 12 Biology Solutions make it easier for students to understand the concepts that usually appear in the exams.
Unit VII: Genetics and Evolution
Chapter 4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Principles of Inheritance and Variation is an important chapter in which students learn about genetics and heredity. This briefly discusses Mendel's Laws of inheritance, sex determination, mutation, and hereditary diseases. Class 12 Biology Solutions includes topics like dominant and recessive genes, mono and dihybrid crosses, and Punnett squares.
Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
This chapter focuses on the fundamental processes of genetic inheritance, covering DNA replication, transcription, translation, and gene expression. The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology PDF explain DNA as the genetic material in most organisms. The two types of nucleic acids found in living systems are DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid)..
Chapter 6: Evolution
This chapter explores interesting facts about the origin and the theories and mechanisms of evolution to prove these facts. It also includes the Miller-Urey experiment, which explains the origin of life on Earth. Different evidence from palaeontology, morphology, embryology, and genetics is added. Students will also learn about Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection and Lamarckism through the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology.
Unit VIII: Biology and Human Welfare
Chapter 7: Human Health and Diseases
This chapter explains the most important points of human health and types of diseases. It talks about different kinds of immunity, like innate and acquired immunity, and how the immune system battles infections. Diseases such as bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoan infections, along with their causes, symptoms, and prevention, are also explained. Lifestyle diseases like AIDS, cancer, drug addiction, and mental illness are also covered.
Chapter 8: Microbes in Human Welfare
This chapter will help students understand that while some microbes can be harmful, many are beneficial. Microbes help in the production of various food items, like dairy products like curd, butter, bread, and tofu. Additionally, microbes are also used in the creation of important medicines, including penicillin. Other roles of microbes are included in the Class 12 Biology NCERT Solutions.
Unit IX: Biotechnology and Its Applications
Chapter 9: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
Biotechnology Principles and Processes discusses the principles and methods applied to genetic engineering as well as microbial biotechnology. It includes discussions about recombinant DNA technology, restriction enzymes, cloning vectors, PCR, and bioprocess engineering. Students will find all the processes interesting to study, and thus increase the clarity of the concepts.
Chapter 10: Biotechnology and Its Applications
This chapter provides a detailed understanding of how biotechnology is used in various fields, including agriculture and medicine. It also highlights important topics such as genetically modified organisms (GMOs), transgenic animals, and ethical concerns. Solving the Class 12 Biology NCERT Solutions helps to understand concepts like gene therapy, biopesticides, and biofertilizers.
Unit X: Ecology and Environment
Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations
It describes how various organisms respond to their environment and how populations increase and evolve. It explains important factors such as ecological adaptations, interactions among organisms, and environmental factors influencing survival. All the topics of organisms and populations are well explained in the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology PDF.
Chapter 12: Ecosystem
This chapter provides a thorough understanding of the interactions between living organisms and their physical environment. Students learn how ecosystems function, including food chains and food webs. It also explained the key processes like decomposition and biogeochemical cycles.
Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conservation
It includes topics like species diversity, ecological balance, and conservation strategies. Biodiversity loss due to human activities is a major concern, making its conservation a priority. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology PDF includes concepts like endangered species, conservation strategies, and laws protecting biodiversity.