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    NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Science Solutions Chapter 13 Why do we fall ill?

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    NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Science Solutions Chapter 13 Why do we fall ill?

    Edited By Sumit Saini | Updated on Sep 01, 2022 05:50 PM IST

    NCERT exemplar Class 9 Science solutions chapter 13 involves learning about viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other disease-causing pathogens along with the diseases caused by them. It will be useful for students pursuing Biology in higher classes and preparing for competitive exams like NEET. These NCERT exemplar Class 9 Science chapter 13 solutions are a product of our highly competent team of subject matter experts on NCERT. These NCERT exemplar Class 9 Science chapter 13 solutions build the understanding of the disease-causing pathogens. The CBSE syllabus for class 9 is the blueprint followed to prepare NCERT exemplar Class 9 Science solutions chapter 13.

    NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Science Solutions Chapter 13-MCQ

    Question:1

    Which one of the following is not a viral disease?
    (a) Dengue
    (b) AIDS
    (c) Typhoid
    (d) Influenza
    Answer: C
    Infectious diseases are caused by infectious agents which are classified based on the typical characteristics of the organisms. These organisms that cause disease are found in viruses, bacteria, fungi, and single-celled and multi-cellular organisms.
    Influenza, AIDS and Dengue are some examples of diseases caused by Viruses.
    Typhoid fever is caused by bacteria called Salmonella typhi.
    Hence, C option is the correct answer.

    Question:2

    Which one of the following is not a bacterial disease?
    (a) Cholera
    (b) Tuberculosis
    (c) Anthrax
    (d) Influenza
    Answer: D
    Infectious diseases are caused by infectious agents which are classified based on the common characteristics of the organisms. These organisms that cause disease are found in viruses, bacteria, fungi, and single-celled and multi-cellular organisms.
    Cholera, Tuberculosis, and Anthrax are some examples of diseases caused by bacteria.
    Influenza is caused by the infectious agent called Influenza Virus. It is transmitted by infected people when they sneeze or cough releasing the virus in the air, which in turn is inhaled by a non-infected person and causes the infection.
    Hence, D is the correct answer.

    Question:3

    Which one of the following diseases is not transmitted by a mosquito?
    (a) Brain fever
    (b) Malaria
    (c) Typhoid
    (d) Dengue
    Answer: C
    Solution: Mosquitoes are the infecting agents that carry infections from sick people to a different host and are also termed as Vectors as they act as intermediaries. The female mosquitos require high nutrition to lay eggs that are acquired in the form of warm blood from animals and humans.
    Brain Fever is also known as Encephalitis, which is transmitted by mosquitoes of Culex species.
    Anopheles mosquitoes transmit malaria.
    Aedes Mosquitoes transmit dengue fever.
    Typhoid fever is caused by drinking contaminated water or eating contaminated food and can also be caused by the bacteria-contaminated toilet. The bacteria Salmonella typhi causes typhoid fever.

    Question:4

    Which one of the following diseases is not caused by bacteria?
    (a) Typhoid
    (b) Anthrax
    (c) Tuberculosis
    (d) Malaria
    Answer: D
    Solution: The bacteria Salmonella typhi causes Typhoid.
    The bacteria Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax.
    The bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis.
    Malaria is caused by the protozoan microbes called Plasmodium vivax and transmitted by female Anopheles Mosquitoes.
    Hence, D is the correct answer.

    Question:5

    Which one of the following diseases is caused by protozoans?
    (a) Malaria
    (b) Influenza
    (c) AIDS
    (d) Cholera
    Answer: A
    Solution: Influenza is caused by the infectious agent called Influenza Virus. It is transmitted by infected people when they sneeze or cough releasing the virus in the air, which in turn is inhaled by a non-infected person and causes the infection.
    AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and is transmitted by sexual contact, blood-to-blood contact (blood transfusion) with an infected person where the body fluids are getting exchanged with the non-infected person.
    Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio Cholerae and is transmitted by ingesting contaminated water or food.
    Malaria is caused by the protozoan microbes called Plasmodium vivax and transmitted by female Anopheles Mosquitoes.
    Hence, A is the correct answer.

    Question:6

    Which one of the following has a long-term effect on the health of an individual?
    (a) Common cold
    (b) Chickenpox
    (c) Chewing tobacco
    (d) Stress
    Answer: Chewing tobacco is dangerous to health as it produces a long term effect.
    Hence, C is the correct answer

    Question:7

    Which of the following can make you ill if you come in contact with an infected person?
    (a) High blood pressure
    (b) Genetic abnormalities
    (c) Sneezing
    (d) Blood cancer
    Answer: C
    Solution: Sneezing releases disease-causing microbes into the air from an infected person which is in turn inhaled by a healthy person causing illness. This causes communicable disease where the microbes initiate a new infection. A few examples of diseases caused by sneezing are tuberculosis and Pneumonia.
    Hence, C is the correct answer.

    Question:8

    AIDS cannot be transmitted by
    (a) sexual contact
    (b) hugs
    (c) breastfeeding
    (d) blood transfusion
    Answer: B
    Solution: AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and is transmitted by sexual contact, blood-to-blood contact (blood transfusion) with an infected person where the body fluids are getting exchanged with the non-infected person. A mother infected with AIDS can transmit the disease to her baby while breastfeeding.
    Hugs or handshakes by or to an AIDS positive person does not transmit the virus.
    Hence, B is the correct answer.

    Question:9

    Making anti-viral drugs is more difficult than making anti-bacterial medicines because
    (a) viruses make use of host machinery
    (b) viruses are on the borderline of living and non-living
    (c) viruses have very few biochemical mechanisms of their own
    (d) viruses have a protein coat
    Answer: C
    Solution: Anti-bacterial medicines block the bacteria from forming a cell wall. As there is no cell wall of a bacteria, it is unable to divide which leads to their termination. This functionality is provided by the antibiotics without affecting the cells of host’s body.
    In case of a viral diseases, the virus uses the cells of infected person as the host and uses their biochemical mechanisms to sustain and divide as the viruses have very few biochemical mechanisms of their own. Anti-viral drugs are difficult to make as the drug needs to be extremely specific in destroying the viruses causing the disease without affecting or killing a significant number of the human body’s cells.
    Hence, C is the correct answer

    Question:10

    Which one of the following causes kala-azar?
    (a) Ascaris
    (b) Trypanosoma
    (c) Leishmania
    (d) Bacteria

    Answer: C
    Solution: Ascaris causes Ascariasis in the small intestines. This is caused by a parasitic roundworm called Ascaris lumbricoides.Trypanosoma is a parasitic protozoan which causes Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness).Leishmania is the parasitic protozoan which causes the disease kala-azar. This disease is transmitted by the bite of infected female sand flies.


    Hence, C is the correct answer.

    Question:11

    If you live in an overcrowded and poorly ventilated house, it is possible that you may suffer from which of the following diseases
    (a) Cancer
    (b) AIDS
    (c) Airborne diseases
    (d) Cholera
    Answer: C
    Solution: Air-borne diseases are caused by releasing disease-causing microbes into air. Sneezing or coughing releases disease-causing microbes into the air from an infected person which is in turn inhaled by a healthy person causing illness. This causes communicable disease where the microbes initiate a new infection. It is highly likely that the overcrowded and poorly ventilated house will lead to the infections from an infected person to other household members.
    Hence, the correct answer is C.

    Question:12

    Which disease is not transmitted by mosquitoes?
    (a) Dengue
    (b) Malaria
    (c) Brain fever or encephalitis
    (d) Pneumonia
    Answer: D
    Solution: Mosquitoes are the infecting agents which carry infections from sick person to a different host and are also termed as Vectors as they act as intermediaries. The female mosquitos require high nutrition in order to lay eggs which is acquired in the form of warm blood from animals and humans.
    Dengue fever is transmitted by Aedes Mosquitoes.
    Malaria is transmitted by Anopheles Mosquitoes.
    Brain Fever is also known as Encephalitis, which is transmitted by mosquitoes of Culex species.
    Pneumonia is spread through air and is caused by bacteria, virus or fungi. This disease affects the lungs of infected person.
    Hence, the correct answer is D.

    Question:13

    Which one of the following is not important for individual health?
    (a) Living in clean space
    (b) Good economic condition
    (c) Social equality and harmony
    (d) Living in a large and well-furnished house
    Answer: D
    Solution: Living in clean space is very much required to ensure that mosquitoes causing diseases such as Malaria and Dengue do not get a chance to breed and spread the infection. It is also necessary for avoiding contamination of the food and water which can cause diseases such as Typhoid.
    Good economic conditions provide an individual to maintain a certain living standard which can lead to the eradication of diseases caused by poor hygiene and lack of resources.
    Social equality and harmony provide an individual with the facilities and awareness to prevent a disease before it happens. It also provides a sense of mental stability which can reduce the stress in individuals.
    Living in a large and well-furnished house is not important for individual health as it is not necessary that the individual maintain hygiene and follow all the instructions to prevent diseases.
    Hence, the correct answer is D.

    Question:14

    Choose the wrong statement
    (a) High blood pressure is caused by excessive weight and lack of exercise.
    (b) Cancers can be caused by genetic abnormalities
    (c) Peptic ulcers are caused by eating acidic food
    (d) Acne is not caused by staphylococci
    Answer: C
    Solution: In many cases, high blood pressure is caused due to obesity and less physical activity of an individual. The excessive weight increases an individual’s blood pressure to rise. One of the reasons for an individual to have cancer is genetic abnormalities. Peptic ulcers are not caused by eating acidic food. Common cause for peptic ulcers is Helicobacter pylori bacteria which leads to stomach infection. Even smoking and excessive drinking of alcohol can lead to peptic ulcers.
    Hence, C is the correct answer.

    Question:15

    We should not allow mosquitoes to breed in our surroundings because they
    (a) multiply very fast and cause pollution
    (b) are vectors for many diseases
    (c) bite and cause skin diseases
    (d) are not important insects
    Answer: B
    Solution: Mosquitoes are the infecting agents that carry infections from sick people to a different host and are also termed as Vectors as they act as intermediaries. The female mosquitos require high nutrition to lay eggs that are acquired in the form of warm blood from animals and humans. Thus, being the vectors for many diseases such as Malaria, Dengue fever and Encephalitis, mosquitoes should not be allowed to breed in our surroundings.
    Hence, B is the correct answer.

    Question:17

    Viruses, which cause hepatitis, are transmitted through
    (a) air
    (b) water
    (c) food
    (d) personal contact
    Answer: B
    Hepatitis has five main types named A, B, C, D and E. Out of them, Hepatitis A is very common in India. The children in majority parts of the country get exposed to Hepatitis A virus through water and develops immunity. The most common cause of Hepatitis transmission is contaminated water.
    Although, Hepatitis B is generally transmitted through the exchange of bodily fluids.
    Hence, the correct answer is B.

    Question:18

    Vectors can be defined as
    (a) animals carrying the infecting agents from sick person to another healthy person
    (b) microorganisms which cause many diseases
    (c) infected person
    (d) diseased plants
    Answer: A
    Solution: The animals which carry infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, protozoans etc. from an infected person to a healthy host are also termed as intermediaries or vectors. The most common example for Vectors is mosquitoes which causes many diseases such as Malaria, Dengue fever etc.
    Hence, the correct answer is A.

    NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Science Solutions Chapter 13-Short Answer

    Question:19

    Give two examples for each of the following
    (a) Acute diseases
    (b) Chronic diseases
    (c) Infectious diseases
    (d) Non-infectious diseases
    Answer:

    Two examples for each of the following are:

    1. Acute diseases: The diseases which lasts for a certain (mostly short) period of time are termed as Acute diseases.

      Examples – Viral fever and Flu.
    2. Chronic diseases: The diseases which last for a long span of time (in some cases for lifetime) are termed as Chronic diseases.

    Examples – Elephantiasis and Tuberculosis.

    1. Infectious diseases: The diseases caused by infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans are termed as infectious diseases.

    Examples – Chicken Pox and HIV/Aids.

    1. Non-infectious diseases: The disease which cannot be transmitted via infecting agents are termed as Non-infectious diseases.

    Examples – Cancer and Diabetes.

    Question:20

    Name two diseases caused by Protozoans. What are their causal organisms?
    Answer:

    Two diseases caused by Protozoans are:

    1. kala-azar
    2. Sleeping sickness (Trypanosomiasis)
    3. Causal organisms for the above-mentioned diseases
    4. kala-azar is caused by Leishmania
    5. Sleeping sickness is caused by Trypanosoma

    Question:21

    Which bacterium causes peptic ulcers? Who discovered the above pathogen for the first time?
    Answer:

    The peptic ulcers are caused by Helicobacter pylori bacterium which leads to stomach infection.
    This pathogen was discovered by two Australian researchers Barry J. Marshall and Robin Warren in the year 1982. Both of the researchers have been awarded with Nobel Prize in Medicine in the year 2005.

    Question:23

    Fill in the blanks
    (a) Pneumonia is an example of ——— disease.
    (b) Many skin diseases are caused by———.
    (c) Antibiotics commonly block biochemical pathways important for the growth of ———.
    (d) Living organisms carrying the infecting agents from one person to another is called ———.

    Answer:

    1. Pneumonia is an example of Bacterial disease.

    2. Many skin diseases are caused by Fungi

    3. Antibiotics commonly block biochemical pathways important for the growth of Bacteria.

    4. Living organisms carrying the infecting agents from one person to another is called Vectors.

    Question:24

    Name the target organs for the following diseases
    (a) Hepatitis targets———.
    (b) Fits or unconsciousness targets ———.
    (c) Pneumonia targets ———.
    (d) Fungal disease targets ———.

    Answer:

    1. Hepatitis targets Liver.
    2. Fits or unconsciousness targets Brain.
    3. Pneumonia targets Lungs.
    4. Fungal disease targets Skin.

    Question:25

    Who discovered ‘vaccine’ for the first time? Name two diseases which can be prevented by using vaccines.

    Answer:

    Vaccine was discovered by Edward Jenner in the year 1796. This vaccine was developed for smallpox and turned out to be the first successful vaccine in the world.
    Two diseases which can be prevented by using vaccines:

    1. Smallpox

    2. Polio

    Question:26

    Fill in the blanks
    (a) ——— disease continues for many days and causes——— on body.
    (b) ———disease continues for a few days and causes no longer-term effect
    on body.
    (c) ——— is defined as physical, mental and social well-being and comfort.
    (d) Common cold is——— disease.
    (e) Many skin diseases are caused by———.

    Answer:

    1. Chronic disease continues for many days and causes long term effect on body
    2. Acute disease continues for a few days and causes no longer-term effect on body.

    3. Health is defined as physical, mental and social well-being and comfort.
    4. Common cold is viral disease.

    5. Many skin diseases are caused by fungi.

    Question:27

    Classify the following diseases as infectious or non-infectious.
    (a) AIDS
    (b) Tuberculosis
    (c) Cholera
    (d) High blood pressure
    (e) Heart disease
    (f) Pneumonia
    (g) Cancer

    Answer:

    Infectious Diseases

    Non-Infectious Diseases

    AIDS(a)

    High blood pressure(d)

    Tuberculosis(b)

    Heart Disease(e)

    Cholera(c)

    Cancer(g)

    Pneumonia(f)


    Question:28

    Name any two groups of micro-organisms from which antibiotics could be extracted.
    Answer:

    Two groups of micro-organisms from which antibiotics could be extracted are:

    1. Bacteria: Example for the same is Streptomyces species.
    2. Fungi: Example for the same is Penicillium notatum.

    Question:29

    Name any three diseases transmitted through vectors
    Answer:

    The animals which carry infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, protozoans etc. from an infected person to a healthy host are also termed as intermediaries or vectors. The most common example for Vectors is mosquitoes which cause many diseases such as Malaria, Dengue fever etc.

    Three diseases transmitted through vectors are:

    1. Brain Fever is also known as Encephalitis, which is transmitted by mosquitoes of Culex species.
    2. Malaria is transmitted by Anopheles Mosquitoes.
    3. Dengue fever is transmitted by Aedes Mosquitoes.

    NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Science Solutions Chapter 13-Long Answer

    Question:30

    Explain giving reasons
    (a) Balanced diet is necessary for maintaining healthy body.
    (b) Health of an organism depends upon the surrounding environmental conditions.
    (c) Our surrounding area should be free of stagnant water.
    (d) Social harmony and good economic conditions are necessary for good health.

    Answer:

    1. An individual maintaining a balanced diet will in turn have a healthy body. The diet which we consume everyday provides our body with the fuel required to function and complete the daily physical and mental activities. A balanced diet should consist of an ample amount of proteins, minerals, vitamins, lipids and carbohydrates. An appropriate proportion of these biomolecules helps the body to have proper growth and leads to disease-free state.
    2. The environmental conditions surrounding an organism plays a significant role in the organism’s health as poor hygiene conditions in the surrounding environment can lead to many diseases such as Malaria and Dengue fever. If the environment is contaminated, then the organism can develop severe diseases. An example to this is the harmful radiations and pollution which propagate a large number of diseases
    3. It is very important to keep the surrounding area free from stagnant water because stagnant water becomes breeding grounds for many vectors such as Mosquitos and Swine, which transmits many diseases like Dengue and Malaria. The surroundings should always stay free from stagnant water to avoid an outbreak of these vector-based diseases.

    4. Social harmony is necessary for good health as the individuals living in different communities should hold values of peace, admiration, generosity, respect and equity in the society to make the society’s and individual’s health better.

      Good economic conditions are a base for good health as these conditions equip an individual with good quality hygiene food and ability to deal with the expensive treatments required to restore good health.

    Question:31

    What is a disease? How many types of diseases have you studied? Give examples
    Answer:

    The disease is the cause for change in either the functioning or appearance of one or more systems of a body. These changes worsen the state of a healthy body and lead to malfunctioning of one or more than one organ.

    The four types of diseases studied are mentioned below:

    1. Acute diseases: The diseases which last for a certain (mostly short) period of time are termed as Acute diseases.
      Examples – Viral fever and Flu.
    2. Chronic diseases: The diseases which last for a long span of time (in some cases for a lifetime) are termed as Chronic diseases.

      Examples – Elephantiasis and Tuberculosis.
    3. Infectious diseases: The diseases caused by infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans are termed as infectious diseases.
      Examples – Chicken Pox and HIV/Aids.
    4. Non-infectious diseases: The disease which cannot be transmitted via infecting agents are termed as Non-infectious diseases.

      Examples – Cancer and Diabetes.

    Question:32

    What do you mean by disease symptoms? Explain giving two examples?
    Answer:

    Every disease showcases its signs and symptoms, these are generally termed as disease symptoms. Some symptoms can be common for various diseases; however, others are extremely specific to each disease. These symptoms help a doctor to identify the particular disease affecting the patient and take necessary actions (medication, procedures etc.)
    Examples for disease symptoms:

    1. COVID – 19 symptoms:
      1. Most Common Symptoms
        1. Fever

        2. Tiredness

        3. Dry Cough

          1. Shortness of breath

          2. Chest pain

      2. Less Common Symptoms:

        Dengue symptoms

        1. Vomiting

          Less Common Symptoms:

        2. Nause

        3. Headache

        4. Fever

        5. Rash

        6. Swollen gland

        7. Most Common Symptoms:

    Question:33

    Why is immune system essential for our health?
    Answer:

    The immune system has a significant role in protecting our body against germs, harmful substances and cell changes which lead to illness in an individual. The immune system consists of cells, organs and proteins.
    The absence or poor immune system can leave an individual’s body unprotected against the harmful substances which enter inside or affects from outside onto our system.
    The primary tasks that an immune system does for our health care:

    1. Fight against diseases caused by viruses, fungi, parasite and bacterial.
    2. Fight against diseased which cause cell changes in the body such as cancer cells.
    3. Identifies and counterbalances threats in the environment

    The immune system gets activated whenever our body comes into contact with harmful things and prevent it from damaging the body. Thus, immune system is essential for our health.

    Question:34

    What precautions will you take to justify “prevention is better than cure”.
    Answer:

    The term “prevention is better than cure” was coined around 1500 by a Dutch philosopher Desiderius Erasmus. This term has become one of the fundamental principles in the modern health care system.
    The precautions we need to take in order to justify the term “prevention is better than cure” are:

    1. A healthy and balanced diet to keep our immune system strong.
    2. All the prescribed vaccinations should be taken within the specified time.
    3. Awareness programs regarding common diseases and their prevention.
    4. Daily exercise can strengthen the immune system.
    5. Our environment should be kept clean and green by removing stagnant water and planting trees
    6. Always keep your surroundings and body in good hygiene.

    7. Pollution should be reduced in order to have a clean environment.

    Question:35

    Why do some children fall ill more frequently than others living in the same locality?
    Answer:

    Some children fall ill more frequently than others living in the same locality due to weak immune systems which can be because of the unbalanced diet or malnutrition. If a child has missed his/her vaccinations, then he is more prone to succumb to a disease. Other reasons for the above-mentioned condition can be unhygienic and congested living conditions and contaminated water and food.

    Question:36

    Why are antibiotics not effective for viral disease?
    Answer:

    Anti-bacterial/Antibiotic medicines block the bacteria from forming a cell wall. As there is no cell wall of a bacteria, it is unable to divide which leads to their termination. This functionality is provided by the antibiotics without affecting the cells of the host’s body. In the case of viral diseases, the virus uses the cells of an infected person as the host and uses their biochemical mechanisms to sustain and divide as the viruses have very few biochemical mechanisms of their own. And the viruses are not using these biochemical pathways so antibiotics have no effect on them as these medicines only work against the bacterial diseases.

    Question:37

    Becoming exposed to or infected with an infectious microbe does not necessarily mean developing a noticeable disease. Explain.

    Answer:

    The most recent example for the same can be seen from the pandemic of COVID-19. The effects of this virus got spread across the world over a significant population. Though being the same disease, it affected the population with symptomatic and asymptomatic conditions. An individual’s immune system counters the infectious microbe and kills the same by specialised cells. In case of strong immunity, the cells activate as the infectious microbe enters into the body and removes the same. This is why it does not necessarily mean developing a noticeable disease.

    Question:38

    Give any four factors necessary for a healthy person.
    Answer:

    Four factors necessary for a healthy person are:

    1. A neat and clean environment: The surrounding environment must stay clean and green to prevent the diseases transmitted via air and water

    2. A balanced diet and regular exercise: This will keep a person healthy and boost the immunity system

    3. Personal hygiene: A healthy person should keep the surroundings as well as personal hygiene under check and take continuous necessary steps to maintain the same

    4. Timely vaccination: To keep the body immune of existing viruses, a healthy person is required to get all the vaccinations done in a prescribed and timely manner.

    Question:39

    Why is AIDS considered to be a ‘Syndrome’ and not a disease?
    Answer:

    AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and is transmitted by sexual contact, blood-to-blood contact (blood transfusion) with an infected person where the body fluids are getting exchanged with the non-infected person.
    When an individual is HIV positive, the virus weakens and blocks our immune system which results in the body’s inability to fight against common infections such as cold or gut infection. Due to this inability, a minor infection of cold can turn into Pneumonia and gut infection can lead to diarrhoea resulting in blood loss.
    AIDS does not show any specific symptoms but can turn minor diseases into major resulting in an individual’s demise. Therefore, due to the complexity of this disease and its symptoms which cannot be related to a single disease or identifiable pathogens, it is termed as Syndrome.

    NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 9 Science Chapter 13 Important Topics:

    The major topics covered in NCERT exemplar Class 9 Science solutions chapter 13 are:

    • In this chapter, various types of diseases and the reasons are discussed.
    • In this chapter difference between viral and bacterial disease is explained thoroughly.
    • NCERT exemplar Class 9 Science solutions chapter 13 discusses common diseases, their symptoms, and their remedies.

    NCERT Class 9 Exemplar Solutions for Other Subjects:

    NCERT Class 9 Science Exemplar Solutions for Other Chapters:

    Features of NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Science Solutions Chapter 13:

    These Class 9 Science NCERT exemplar chapter 13 solutions provide the basic understanding of pathogens and diseases caused by them. The learning of this chapter will be very useful in higher classes of CBSE and in competitive exams IIT-JEE and NEET. These NCERT exemplar Class 9 Science solutions chapter 13 are exhaustive in nature and students of Class 9 can make use of these solutions as additional material to get a broader and deeper understanding of the chapter Why do We Fall Ill?. The NCERT exemplar Class 9 Science solutions chapter 13 pdf download allows the students to download/view these solutions of NCERT exemplar Class 9 Science chapter 13 in an offline mode. These solutions and their detailed nature are sufficient materials required to solve questions from other books such as NCERT Class 9 Science TextBook, Biology Question Bank et cetera.

    Check NCERT Solutions for questions given in the book

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    Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

    1. Q1. What is virus?

    A1. Virus can be treated as interlink between living and nonliving. It is nanoscopic living organism which is infectious and grow with the help of other living body.

    2. Q2. Does lifestyle affect chances of falling ill?

    A2. Yes, a good lifestyle can reduce the chances of falling ill.

    Good lifestyle means:

    1. Living with cleanliness,

    2. Having healthy diet,

    3. Having balanced work rest ratio

    4. Having happiness in life

    3. Q3. What type of questions are expected from the chapter Why Do We Fall Ill?

    A3. NCERT exemplar Class 9 Science solutions chapter 13 covers all the different types of questions expected from the chapter Why Do We Fall Ill?. Students can generally expect long and short answer-type questions from this chapter.

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    A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is

    Option 1)

    0.34\; J

    Option 2)

    0.16\; J

    Option 3)

    1.00\; J

    Option 4)

    0.67\; J

    A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times.  Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated.  How much fat will he use up considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up ?  Fat supplies 3.8×107 J of energy per kg which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate.  Take g = 9.8 ms−2 :

    Option 1)

    2.45×10−3 kg

    Option 2)

     6.45×10−3 kg

    Option 3)

     9.89×10−3 kg

    Option 4)

    12.89×10−3 kg

     

    An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range

    Option 1)

    2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J

    Option 2)

    200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J

    Option 3)

    2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J

    Option 4)

    20,000 \, \, J - 50,000 \, \, J

    A particle is projected at 600   to the horizontal with a kinetic energy K. The kinetic energy at the highest point

    Option 1)

    K/2\,

    Option 2)

    \; K\;

    Option 3)

    zero\;

    Option 4)

    K/4

    In the reaction,

    2Al_{(s)}+6HCL_{(aq)}\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}\, _{(aq)}+6Cl^{-}\, _{(aq)}+3H_{2(g)}

    Option 1)

    11.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}  at STP  is produced for every mole HCL_{(aq)}  consumed

    Option 2)

    6L\, HCl_{(aq)}  is consumed for ever 3L\, H_{2(g)}      produced

    Option 3)

    33.6 L\, H_{2(g)} is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts

    Option 4)

    67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)} at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .

    How many moles of magnesium phosphate, Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?

    Option 1)

    0.02

    Option 2)

    3.125 × 10-2

    Option 3)

    1.25 × 10-2

    Option 4)

    2.5 × 10-2

    If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12, mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative atomic mass unit, the mass of one mole of a substance will

    Option 1)

    decrease twice

    Option 2)

    increase two fold

    Option 3)

    remain unchanged

    Option 4)

    be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.

    With increase of temperature, which of these changes?

    Option 1)

    Molality

    Option 2)

    Weight fraction of solute

    Option 3)

    Fraction of solute present in water

    Option 4)

    Mole fraction.

    Number of atoms in 558.5 gram Fe (at. wt.of Fe = 55.85 g mol-1) is

    Option 1)

    twice that in 60 g carbon

    Option 2)

    6.023 × 1022

    Option 3)

    half that in 8 g He

    Option 4)

    558.5 × 6.023 × 1023

    A pulley of radius 2 m is rotated about its axis by a force F = (20t - 5t2) newton (where t is measured in seconds) applied tangentially. If the moment of inertia of the pulley about its axis of rotation is 10 kg m2 , the number of rotations made by the pulley before its direction of motion if reversed, is

    Option 1)

    less than 3

    Option 2)

    more than 3 but less than 6

    Option 3)

    more than 6 but less than 9

    Option 4)

    more than 9

    Data Administrator

    Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

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    Bio Medical Engineer

    The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary. 

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    Ethical Hacker

    A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

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    Database Architect

    If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy, IIT Kharagpur, JMI New Delhi

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    Data Analyst

    The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

    Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

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    Geothermal Engineer

    Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

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    Geotechnical engineer

    The role of geotechnical engineer starts with reviewing the projects needed to define the required material properties. The work responsibilities are followed by a site investigation of rock, soil, fault distribution and bedrock properties on and below an area of interest. The investigation is aimed to improve the ground engineering design and determine their engineering properties that include how they will interact with, on or in a proposed construction. 

    The role of geotechnical engineer in mining includes designing and determining the type of foundations, earthworks, and or pavement subgrades required for the intended man-made structures to be made. Geotechnical engineering jobs are involved in earthen and concrete dam construction projects, working under a range of normal and extreme loading conditions. 

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    Cartographer

    How fascinating it is to represent the whole world on just a piece of paper or a sphere. With the help of maps, we are able to represent the real world on a much smaller scale. Individuals who opt for a career as a cartographer are those who make maps. But, cartography is not just limited to maps, it is about a mixture of art, science, and technology. As a cartographer, not only you will create maps but use various geodetic surveys and remote sensing systems to measure, analyse, and create different maps for political, cultural or educational purposes.

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    Bank Probationary Officer (PO)

    A career as Bank Probationary Officer (PO) is seen as a promising career opportunity and a white-collar career. Each year aspirants take the Bank PO exam. This career provides plenty of career development and opportunities for a successful banking future. If you have more questions about a career as  Bank Probationary Officer (PO), what is probationary officer or how to become a Bank Probationary Officer (PO) then you can read the article and clear all your doubts. 

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    Operations Manager

    Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

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    Data Analyst

    The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

    Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

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    Finance Executive

    A career as a Finance Executive requires one to be responsible for monitoring an organisation's income, investments and expenses to create and evaluate financial reports. His or her role involves performing audits, invoices, and budget preparations. He or she manages accounting activities, bank reconciliations, and payable and receivable accounts.  

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    Investment Banker

    An Investment Banking career involves the invention and generation of capital for other organizations, governments, and other entities. Individuals who opt for a career as Investment Bankers are the head of a team dedicated to raising capital by issuing bonds. Investment bankers are termed as the experts who have their fingers on the pulse of the current financial and investing climate. Students can pursue various Investment Banker courses, such as Banking and Insurance, and Economics to opt for an Investment Banking career path.

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    Bank Branch Manager

    Bank Branch Managers work in a specific section of banking related to the invention and generation of capital for other organisations, governments, and other entities. Bank Branch Managers work for the organisations and underwrite new debts and equity securities for all type of companies, aid in the sale of securities, as well as help to facilitate mergers and acquisitions, reorganisations, and broker trades for both institutions and private investors.

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    Treasurer

    Treasury analyst career path is often regarded as certified treasury specialist in some business situations, is a finance expert who specifically manages a company or organisation's long-term and short-term financial targets. Treasurer synonym could be a financial officer, which is one of the reputed positions in the corporate world. In a large company, the corporate treasury jobs hold power over the financial decision-making of the total investment and development strategy of the organisation.

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    Product Manager

    A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

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    Transportation Planner

    A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

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    Conservation Architect

    A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.

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    A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.

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    A Team Leader is a professional responsible for guiding, monitoring and leading the entire group. He or she is responsible for motivating team members by providing a pleasant work environment to them and inspiring positive communication. A Team Leader contributes to the achievement of the organisation’s goals. He or she improves the confidence, product knowledge and communication skills of the team members and empowers them.

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    Orthotist and Prosthetist

    Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

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    A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

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    Gynaecologist

    Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

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    Surgical Technologist

    When it comes to an operation theatre, there are several tasks that are to be carried out before as well as after the operation or surgery has taken place. Such tasks are not possible without surgical tech and surgical tech tools. A single surgeon cannot do it all alone. It’s like for a footballer he needs his team’s support to score a goal the same goes for a surgeon. It is here, when a surgical technologist comes into the picture. It is the job of a surgical technologist to prepare the operation theatre with all the required equipment before the surgery. Not only that, once an operation is done it is the job of the surgical technologist to clean all the equipment. One has to fulfil the minimum requirements of surgical tech qualifications. 

    Also Read: Career as Nurse

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    Oncologist

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    Chemical Pathologist

    Are you searching for a chemical pathologist job description? A chemical pathologist is a skilled professional in healthcare who utilises biochemical laboratory tests to diagnose disease by analysing the levels of various components or constituents in the patient’s body fluid. 

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    Actor

    For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

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    Acrobat

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    Video Game Designer

    Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages. Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

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    Talent Agent

    The career as a Talent Agent is filled with responsibilities. A Talent Agent is someone who is involved in the pre-production process of the film. It is a very busy job for a Talent Agent but as and when an individual gains experience and progresses in the career he or she can have people assisting him or her in work. Depending on one’s responsibilities, number of clients and experience he or she may also have to lead a team and work with juniors under him or her in a talent agency. In order to know more about the job of a talent agent continue reading the article.

    If you want to know more about talent agent meaning, how to become a Talent Agent, or Talent Agent job description then continue reading this article.

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    Radio Jockey

    Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

    A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

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    Social Media Manager

    A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

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    Talent Director

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    Copy Writer

    In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism, Advertising, Marketing Management. Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

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    Journalist

    Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

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    Publisher

    For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

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    Vlogger

    In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. Ever since internet cost got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, the career as vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the career as vlogger, how to become a vlogger, so on and so forth then continue reading the article. Students can visit Jamia Millia Islamia, Asian College of Journalism, Indian Institute of Mass Communication to pursue journalism degrees.

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    Editor

    Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

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    Content Writer

    Content writing is meant to speak directly with a particular audience, such as customers, potential customers, investors, employees, or other stakeholders. The main aim of professional content writers is to speak to their targeted audience and if it is not then it is not doing its job. There are numerous kinds of the content present on the website and each is different based on the service or the product it is used for.

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    Reporter

    Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication), B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media), or MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.  

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    Linguist

    Linguistic meaning is related to language or Linguistics which is the study of languages. A career as a linguistic meaning, a profession that is based on the scientific study of language, and it's a very broad field with many specialities. Famous linguists work in academia, researching and teaching different areas of language, such as phonetics (sounds), syntax (word order) and semantics (meaning). 

    Other researchers focus on specialities like computational linguistics, which seeks to better match human and computer language capacities, or applied linguistics, which is concerned with improving language education. Still, others work as language experts for the government, advertising companies, dictionary publishers and various other private enterprises. Some might work from home as freelance linguists. Philologist, phonologist, and dialectician are some of Linguist synonym. Linguists can study French, German, Italian

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    Production Manager

    Production Manager Job Description: A Production Manager is responsible for ensuring smooth running of manufacturing processes in an efficient manner. He or she plans and organises production schedules. The role of Production Manager involves estimation, negotiation on budget and timescales with the clients and managers. 

    Resource Links for Online MBA 

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    Product Manager

    A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

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    Quality Controller

    A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

    A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

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    Production Engineer

    A career as Production Engineer is crucial in the manufacturing industry. He or she ensures the functionality of production equipment and machinery to improve productivity and minimize production costs in order to drive revenues and increase profitability. 

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    Automation Test Engineer

    An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process. 

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    Product Designer

    Individuals who opt for a career as product designers are responsible for designing the components and overall product concerning its shape, size, and material used in manufacturing. They are responsible for the aesthetic appearance of the product. A product designer uses his or her creative skills to give a product its final outlook and ensures the functionality of the design. 

    Students can opt for various product design degrees such as B.Des and M.Des to become product designers. Industrial product designer prepares 3D models of designs for approval and discusses them with clients and other colleagues. Individuals who opt for a career as a product designer estimate the total cost involved in designing.

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    R&D Personnel

    A career as R&D Personnel requires researching, planning, and implementing new programs and protocols into their organization and overseeing new products’ development. He or she uses his or her creative abilities to improve the existing products as per the requirements of the target market.

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    Commercial Manager

    A Commercial Manager negotiates, advises and secures information about pricing for commercial contracts. He or she is responsible for developing financial plans in order to maximise the business's profitability.

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    Product Manager

    A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

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    ITSM Manager

    ITSM Manager is a professional responsible for heading the ITSM (Information Technology Service Management) or (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) processes. He or she ensures that operation management provides appropriate resource levels for problem resolutions. The ITSM Manager oversees the level of prioritisation for the problems, critical incidents, planned as well as proactive tasks. 

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    Information Security Manager

    Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

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    Computer Programmer

    Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

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    Computer System Analyst

    Individuals in the computer systems analyst career path study the hardware and applications that are part of an organization's computer systems, as well as how they are used. They collaborate closely with managers and end-users to identify system specifications and business priorities, as well as to assess the efficiency of computer systems and create techniques to boost IT efficiency. Individuals who opt for a career as a computer system analyst support the implementation, modification, and debugging of new systems after they have been installed.

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    Test Manager

    A Test Manager is a professional responsible for planning, coordinating and controlling test activities. He or she develops test processes and strategies to analyse and determine test methods and tools for test activities. The test manager jobs involve documenting tests that have been carried out, analysing and evaluating software quality to determine further recommended procedures. 

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    Azure Developer

    A career as Azure Developer comes with the responsibility of designing and developing cloud-based applications and maintaining software components. He or she possesses an in-depth knowledge of cloud computing and Azure app service. 

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    Deep Learning Engineer

    A Deep Learning Engineer is an IT professional who is responsible for developing and managing data pipelines. He or she is knowledgeable about analyzing and storing data collected from various sources.  A Career as a Deep Learning Engineer needs to help the  data scientists and analysts to create effective data sets.

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