NCERT Solutions for Exercise 12.2 Class 9 Maths Chapter 12 - Heron's Formula

Q1 A park, in the shape of a quadrilateral ABCD, has $\angle C = 90^\circ$ , $AB = 9 m$ , $BC = 12 m$ , $CD = 5 m$ and $AD = 8 m$ . How much area does it occupy?

Answer:

From the figure:

We have joined the BD to form two triangles so that the calculation of the area will be easy.

In triangle BCD, by Pythagoras theorem

$BD^2 = BC^2+CD^2$

$\Rightarrow BD^2 = 12^2+5^2 = 144+25 = 169$

$\Rightarrow BD = 13\ cm$

The area of triangle BCD can be calculated by,

$Area_{(BCD)} = \frac{1}{2}\times BC\times DC = \frac{1}{2}\times 12\times 5 = 30\ cm^2$

and the area of the triangle DAB can be calculated by Heron's Formula:

So, the semi-perimeter of the triangle DAB,

$s = \frac{a+b+c}{2} = \frac{9+8+13}{2} = \frac{30}{2} = 15\ cm$

Therefore, the area will be:

$A = \sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}$

where, $a = 9 cm,\ b = 8cm\ and\ c = 13cm$ .

$= \sqrt{15(15-9)(15-8)(15-13)}$

$= \sqrt{12(6)(7)(2)} = \sqrt{1260} = 35.5\ cm^2$ (Approximately)

Then, the total park area will be:

$= Area\ of\ triangle\ BCD + Area\ of\ triangle\ DAB$

$\Rightarrow$ $Total\ area\ of\ Park = 30+35.35 = 65.5\ cm^2$

Hence, the total area of the park is $65.5\ cm^2.$

Q2 Find the area of a quadrilateral ABCD in which AB = 3 cm, BC = 4 cm, CD = 4 cm, DA = 5 cm and AC = 5 cm.

Answer:

From the figure:

We have joined the AC to form two triangles so that the calculation of the area will be easy.

The area of the triangle ABC can be calculated by Heron's formula:

So, the semi-perimeter, where $a = 3 cm,\ b =4cm\ and\ c = 5cm.$

$s = \frac{a+b+c}{2} = \frac{3+4+5}{2} = 6cm$

Heron's Formula for calculating the area:

$A = \sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}$

$= \sqrt{6(6-3)(6-4)(6-5)}= \sqrt{6(3)(2)(1)} = \sqrt{36} = 6\ cm^2$

And the sides of the triangle ACD are $a' =4cm,\ b' = 5cm\ and\ c' = 5cm.$

So, the semi-perimeter of the triangle:

$s' = \frac{a'+b'+c'}{2} = \frac{4+5+5}{2} = \frac{14}{2} = 7cm$

Therefore, the area will be given by, Heron's formula

$A = \sqrt{s'(s'-a')(s'-b')(s'-c')}$ .

$= \sqrt{7(7-4)(7-5)(7-5)}$

$= \sqrt{7(3)(2)(2)} = 2\sqrt{21} = 9.2\ cm^2\ \ \ \ (Approx.)$

Then, the total area of the quadrilateral will be:

$= Area\ of\ triangle\ ABC + Area\ of\ triangle\ ACD$

$\Rightarrow$ $Total\ area\ of\ quadrilateral\ ABCD = 6+9.2 = 15.2\ cm^2$

Hence, the area of the quadrilateral ABCD is $15.2 \ cm^2.$

Q3 Radha made a picture of an aeroplane with coloured paper as shown in Fig 12.15. Find the total area of the paper used.

Answer:

The total area of the paper used will be the sum of the area of the sections I, II, III, IV, and V. i.e., $Total\ area = I +II+III+IV+V$

For section I:

Here, the sides are $a = 1cm\ and\ b =c = 5cm.$

So, the Semi-perimeter will be:

$s = \frac{a+b+c}{2} = \frac{5+5+1}{2} = 5.5\ cm$

Therefore, the area of section I will be given by Heron's Formula,

$A = \sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}$

$= \sqrt{5.5(5.5-1)(5.5-5)(5.5-5)}$

$= \sqrt{5.5(4.5)(0.5)(0.5)} = \sqrt{6.1875} = 2.5\ cm^2\ \ \ \ \ \ (Approx.)$

For section II:

Here the sides of the rectangle are $l =6.5\ cm$ and $b =1 \ cm.$

Therefore, the area of the rectangle is $= l\times b = 6.5\times 1 = 6.5\ cm^2.$

For section III:

From the figure:

Drawing the parallel line AF to DC and a perpendicular line AE to BC.

We have the quadrilateral ADCF,

$AF || DC$ ...........................by construction.

$AD || FC$ ...........................[ $\because$ ABCD is a trapezium]

So, ADCF is a parallelogram.

Therefore, $AF = DC = 1\ cm$ and $AD = FC = 1\ cm$

$\left [ \because Opposite\ sides\ of\ a\ parallelogram \right ]$

Therefore, $BF = BC -FC =2-1 = 1\ cm.$

$\implies$ ABF is an equilateral triangle. $\left [ \because AB = BF =AF = 1\ cm \right ]$

Then, the area of the equilateral triangle ABF is given by:

$\implies \frac{\sqrt3}{4}a^2 = \frac{\sqrt3}{4}1^2 = \frac{\sqrt3}{4}$

$= \frac{1}{2}\times BF \times AE$

$= \frac{1}{2}\times 1cm \times AE = \frac{\sqrt3}{4}$

$\implies AE = \frac{\sqrt3}{2} = \frac{1.732}{2} = 0.866 \approx 0.9$

Hence, the area of trapezium ABCD will be:

$= \frac{1}{2}\times(AD+BC)\times AE$

$= \frac{1}{2}\times(1+2)\times 0.9$

$=1.35 =1.4\ cm^2\ \ \ \ (Approx.)$

For Section IV:

Here, the base is 1.5 cm and the height is 6 cm.

Therefore, the area of the triangle is :

$= \frac{1}{2}\times base\times height$

$= \frac{1}{2}\times 1.5\times 6 = 4.5\ cm^2$

For section V:

The base length = 1.5cm and the height is 6cm.

Therefore, the area of the triangle will be:

$= \frac{1}{2}\times 1.5\times 6 = 4.5\ cm^2$

Hence, the total area of the paper used will be:

$Total\ area = I +II+III+IV+V$

$= 2.5+6.5+1.4+4.5+4.5 = 19.4\ cm^2$

Q4 A triangle and a parallelogram have the same base and the same area. If the sides of the triangle are 26 cm, 28 cm and 30 cm, and the parallelogram stands on the base 28 cm, find the height of the parallelogram.

Answer:

From the figure:

The sides of the triangle are $a = 26\ cm,b= 28\ cm\ and\ c =30\ cm.$

Then, calculating the area of the triangle:

So, the semi-perimeter of triangle ABE,

$s = \frac{a+b+c}{2} = \frac{28+26+30}{2} = 42\ cm.$

Therefore, its area will be given by the Heron's formula:

$A = \sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}$

$= \sqrt{42(42-28)(42-26)(42-30)}$

$= \sqrt{42(14)(16)(12)} = \sqrt{112896} = 336\ cm^2$

Given that the area of the parallelogram is equal to the area of the triangle:

$Area\ of\ Parallelogram = Area\ of\ Triangle$

$\implies base\times corresponding\ height = 336\ cm^2$

$\implies 28\times corresponding\ height = 336\ cm^2$

$\implies height = \frac{336}{28} = 12\ cm.$

Hence, the height of the parallelogram is 12 cm.

Q5 A rhombus shaped field has green grass for 18 cows to graze. If each side of the rhombus is 30 m and its longer diagonal is 48 m, how much area of grass field will each cow be getting?

Answer:

To find the area of the rhombus:

We first join the diagonal AC of quadrilateral ABCD. (See figure)

Here, the sides of triangle ABC are,

$a = 30\ m,\ b = 30\ m\ and\ c = 48\ m.$

So, the semi-perimeter of the triangle will be:

$s = \frac{a+b+c}{2} = \frac{30+30+48}{2} = \frac{108}{2} = 54\ m$

Therefore, the area of the triangle given by the Heron's formula,

$Area = \sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}$

$= \sqrt{54(54-30)(54-30)(54-48)}$

$= \sqrt{54(24)(24)(6)} = \sqrt{186624} = 432\ m^2$

Hence, the area of the quadrilateral will be:

$= 2\times 432\ m^2 = 864\ m^2$

Therefore, the area grazed by each cow will be given by,

$= \frac{Total\ area}{Number\ of\ cows} = \frac{864}{18} = 48\ m^2.$

Q6 An umbrella is made by stitching 10 triangular pieces of cloth of two different colours (see Figure), each piece measuring 20 cm, 50 cm and 50 cm. How much cloth of each colour is required for the umbrella?

Answer:

The sides of the triangle are:

$a = 20\ cm,\ b = 50\ cm\ and\ c =50\ cm.$

So, the semi-perimeter of the triangle is given by,

$s = \frac{a+b+c}{2} = \frac{20+50+50}{2} = \frac{120}{2} = 60\ cm.$

Therefore, the area of the triangle can be found by using Heron's formula:

$Area = \sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}$

$= \sqrt{60(60-20)(60-50)(60-50)}$

$= \sqrt{60(40)(10)(10)} = 200\sqrt{6}\ cm^2$

Now, for the 10 triangular pieces of cloths, the area will be,

$= 10\times200\sqrt6 = 2000\sqrt6\ cm^2$

Hence, the area of cloths of each colour will be:

$= \frac{2000\sqrt6}{2} = 1000\sqrt6\ cm^2.$

Q7 A kite in the shape of a square with a diagonal 32 cm and an isosceles triangle of base 8 cm and sides 6 cm each is to be made of three different shades as shown in Figure How much paper of each shade has been used in it?

Answer:

From the figure:

Calculation of the area for each shade:

The shade I: Triangle ABD

Here, base $BD = 32\ cm$ and the height $AO = 16\ cm.$

Therefore, the area of triangle ABD will be:

$= \frac{1}{2} \times base\times height = \frac{1}{2}\times 32\times 16$

$= 256\ cm^2$

Hence, the area of paper used in shade I is $256\ cm^2.$

Shade II: Triangle CBD

Here, base $BD = 32\ cm$ and height $CO = 16\ cm.$

Therefore, the area of triangle CBD will be:

$= \frac{1}{2} \times base\times height = \frac{1}{2}\times 32\times 16$

$= 256\ cm^2$

Hence, the area of paper used in shade II is $256\ cm^2.$

Shade III: Triangle CEF

Here, the sides are of lengths, $a = 6\ cm,\ b = 6\ cm\ and\ c = 8\ cm.$

So, the semi-perimeter of the triangle:

$s = \frac{a+b+c}{2} = \frac{6+6+8}{2} = \frac{20}{2} = 10\ cm.$

Therefore, the area of the triangle can be found by using Heron's formula:

$Area = \sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}$

$= \sqrt{10(10-6)(10-6)(10-8)}$

$= \sqrt{10(4)(6)(2)}$

$= 8\sqrt{5}\ cm^2$

Hence, the area of the paper used in shade III is $8\sqrt{5}\ cm^2$ .

Q8 A floral design on a floor is made up of 16 tiles which are triangular, the sides of the triangle being 9 cm, 28 cm and 35 cm (see Fig. 12.18). Find the cost of polishing the tiles at the rate of 50p per cm ² .

Answer:

GIven the sides of the triangle are:

$a = 9\ cm,\ b = 28\ cm\ and\ c= 35\ cm.$

So, its semi-perimeter will be:

$s = \frac{a+b+c}{2} = \frac{9+28+35}{2} = 36\ cm$

Therefore, the area of the triangle using Heron's formula is given by,

$Area = \sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}$

$= \sqrt{36(36-9)(36-28)(36-35)} = \sqrt{36(27)(8)(1)}$

$= \sqrt{7776} \approx 88.2\ cm^2$

So, we have the area of each triangle tile which is $88.2\ cm^2$ .

Therefore, the area of each triangular 16 tiles will be:

$= 16\times 88.2\ cm^2 = 1411.2\ cm^2$

Hence, the cost of polishing the tiles at the rate of 50 paise per cm ² will be:

$= Rs.\ 0.50\times1411.2\ cm^2 =Rs.\ 705.60$

Q9 A field is in the shape of a trapezium whose parallel sides are 25 m and 10 m. The non-parallel sides are 14 m and 13 m. Find the area of the field.

Answer:

The trapezium field is shown below in figure:

Drawing line CF parallel to AD and a line perpendicular to AB, we obtain

Then in quadrilateral ADCF,

$CF || AD$ ............................ $\left [ \because\ by\ construction \right ]$

$CD || AF$ ............................ $\left [ \because ABCD\ is\ a\ trapezium \right ]$

Therefore, ADCF is a parallelogram.

So, $AD = CF = 13\ m$ and $CD = AF = 10\ m$

$\left ( \because Opposite\ sides\ of\ a\ parallelogram \right )$

Therefore, $BF = AB-AF = 25-10 = 15\ m$

Now, the sides of the triangle;

$a = 13\ m,\ b =14\ m\ and\ c = 15\ m.$

So, the semi-perimeter of the triangle will be:

$s= \frac{a+b+c}{2} = \frac{13+14+15}{2} = \frac{42}{2} = 21\ m$

Therefore, the area of the triangle can be found by using Heron's Formula:

$Area = \sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}$

$= \sqrt{21(21-13)(21-14)(21-15)}$

$= \sqrt{21(8)(7)(6)}$

$= \sqrt{7056} = 84\ m^2.$

Also, the area of the triangle is given by,

$Area = \frac{1}{2}\times BF\times CG$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1}{2}\times BF\times CG = 84\ m^2$

$\Rightarrow \frac{1}{2}\times 15\times CG = 84\ m^2$

Or,

$\Rightarrow CG = \frac{84\times2}{15} = 11.2\ m$

Therefore, the area of the trapezium ABCD is:

$= \frac{1}{2} \times (AB+CD)\times CG$

$= \frac{1}{2} \times (25+10)\times 11.2$

$= 35\times5.6$

$= 196\ m^2$

Hence, the area of the trapezium field is $196\ m^2.$