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NCERT Class 9 Science Chapter 6 Notes Tissues- Download PDF Notes

NCERT Class 9 Science Chapter 6 Notes Tissues- Download PDF Notes

Edited By Irshad Anwar | Updated on Jun 16, 2025 11:53 AM IST

The study of tissues is essential for understanding the structure and functioning of multicellular organisms. NCERT Class 9 Science Chapter 6 Notes: Tissues explain that tissues are groups of similar cells working together to perform specific functions. This chapter provides detailed information about various types of plant and animal tissues, their structures, functions, and their roles in different life processes.

This Story also Contains
  1. NCERT Class 9 Chapter 6 Class Notes
  2. Plant Tissues
  3. Animal Tissues
  4. Approach to Solve Questions of Class 9 Biology Chapter 6
  5. Important Topics from Class 9 Science Chapter 6: Tissues
  6. Important Question in Class 9 Biology Chapter 6
  7. Chapter-Wise NCERT Class 9 Notes Science
NCERT Class 9 Science Chapter 6 Notes Tissues- Download PDF Notes
NCERT Class 9 Science Chapter 6 Notes Tissues- Download PDF Notes

It covers important plant tissues like meristematic and permanent tissues, including parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, and phloem. In animals, the chapter discusses epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues, each specialised for tasks such as protection, support, movement, and coordination. These NCERT Notes for Class 9, along with NCERT Solutions, are very helpful for CBSE students, offering clear explanations and aiding quick revision for exams.

Also, students can refer to:

NCERT Class 9 Chapter 6 Class Notes

What is a tissue?

  • In unicellular organisms, one single cell performs all the basic functions.
  • In multicellular cells, where there are millions of cells, every cell is assigned one particular function to perform.
  • As can be seen in human beings, muscle cells are responsible for contraction and relaxation, blood is responsible for the transportation of important materials, and nerve cells are important for transferring messages.
  • The chapter explains how it can be concluded that in multicellular organisms, there is division of labour.
  • A specific set of cells at one location within the body performs one specific function.
  • A group of cells that are similar in structure work together to achieve a particular function and form a tissue.

Are Plants and Animals Made of the Same Types of Tissues?

  • We can get to know whether plant tissues and animal tissues are the same by looking into their structures.
  • As we know, plants are stationary; they don’t need to move and to stay upright, they also need supportive tissue that is mostly composed of dead cells,
  • whereas when it comes to animals, they are always moving around in search of food, shelter, etc., and that’s why they require more energy as compared to plants because they contain living cells.
  • When it comes to dividing, it can be seen that in plants there are certain demarcated areas where growth takes place, and also that growth in plants can take place throughout their lifetime.
  • Based on those growth phases, they can be divided into permanent and meristematic tissues as well,
  • In animals, growth can take place only within a certain period.
  • The growth and the basic difference in their functionality lie in the complexity of plants and animals, as it can be very well observed that animals have much more complex organisation as compared to plants.

Plant Tissues

Meristematic Tissue:

Meristematic Tissue

Fig: location of meristematic tissue

  • Meristematic Tissues are the tissues that have the capacity to divide. Initially, the cells which are formed after division look the same but gradually, they occupy different structures according to their functions.
  • Meristematic tissue is present at some particular, specific sites at the plants; based on that, they can be primary meristematic or secondary meristematic.
  • Primary meristematic involves apical merismatic, which is present at the root and shoot tips of the plant and is involved in increasing the length of the plant.
  • Intercalary meristematic is present in the form of patches at the nodes of the plant.
  • Secondary meristematics, also known as lateral meristematics or cambium, is involved in increasing the girth of a plant. All the cells of the merismatic tissue have thin cell walls and dense cytoplasm.

Permanent Tissue:

Permanent Tissue

Fig: Section of a stem

  • After meristematic tissue loses its capacity to divide, it acquires a specific function and forms permanent tissue, and this process is known as differentiation.
  • Permanent tissues can be further categorised as simple permanent tissue and complex permanent tissue, where simple permanent tissues are made up of all the same kinds of cells, whereas complex permanent tissues are made up of different kinds of cells.

Simple Permanent Tissue

  • Under simple tissue comes parenchyma, which is present below the epidermis of a plant.
  • These cells are living and isodiametric in shape, have thin cells, and are loosely arranged to fill the space.
  • These have large intercellular spaces between them and provide the function of food storage.
  • Sometimes, it contains chloroplasts and thus performs photosynthesis; it’s known as chlorenchyma.
  • In aquatic plants, it consists of air spaces that help them to float, and then it is known as aerenchyma.
  • Another simple permanent tissue is collenchyma, which provides flexibility and mechanical support to plants.
  • It helps the plants bend and present themselves in tendrils and climbers, as well as below the epidermis in leaf stalks.
  • These are living cells below the epidermis with irregular thickening around them and comparatively fewer intracellular spaces between their cells.
  • Sclerenchyma is also a simple, permanent tissue that provides strength to plants.
  • It is present in the dead parts of the plant, as all the cells are dead.
  • They are elongated cells with a thick cell wall due to the deposition of lignin.
  • The fewer intercellular spaces are present in between the cells, as can be seen in the husk of a coconut.

Simple Permanent Tissue

Fig: (1) Parenchyma (2) Collenchyma (3) Sclerenchyma

  • The epidermal cells of the roots perform the function of water absorption.
  • They also commonly bear long hair-like parts known as root hairs, these are the ones responsible for a significant increase in overall absorptive surface area.
  • The epidermis of some plants, such as desert plants, has a thick waxy covering of cutin on its outer surface, which is a chemical compound with waterproof properties.
  • Plants' outer protective tissue undergoes modifications as they get older.
  • The cork is made up of layers of cells formed by a strip of secondary meristem found in the cortex.
  • The cork cells are dead and grouped tightly with no intercellular gaps between them.
  • They also have a material in their walls called suberin, which prevents gases and water from entering.

Complex Permanent Tissue

  • As you already know, complex tissues are made up of different kinds of cells. All these cells coordinate together to perform a common function.
  • Complex permanent tissue can be further categorised into xylem and phloem, and both are conducting tissues constituting vascular bundles.

Complex Permanent TissueSection of Phloem

Fig: (a),(b) and (c) showing xylem elements and (d) showing sections of Phloem.

  • Xylem tissue is made up of tracheids, vessels, xylem fibres, and xylem parenchyma.
  • Tracheids and vessels are both tubular structures that are responsible for the transportation of water, whereas xylem parenchyma stores food and xylem fibre provides support to plants.
  • Phloem consists of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibre, and phloem parenchyma.
  • Except for phloem fibres, all are living cells, and all cells together help in the transportation of food from leaves to other parts of the plant. Sieve tubes have perforated structures known as sieve plates.

Animal Tissues

  • If we take the example of the human body, when we breathe, we can feel the lungs being uplifted, which is done by the muscular tissue in our body.
  • The oxygen that is collected in the lungs is transported to other parts of the body with the help of blood, which is also responsible for the transport of food and other nutrients from one part of the body to another, as well as the release of waste from our body.

Epithelial Tissue:

  • This tissue forms the outermost protective layer of the body and also lines the internal and external parts of the organs.
  • It acts as a separation between different organs in the body.
  • Epithelial tissue works for the functions of protection, secretion, and absorption.
  • Based on its structure and function, epithelium tissue can be classified as simple or compound.

Epithelial Tissue

Compound Epithelium

Fig: Different kinds of epithelial cells

  • In compound epithelium tissue, multiple layers of epithelial cells are present.

In the case of simple epithelial tissue:

  • A simple epithelial tissue that is present in the walls of blood vessels and the air sacs of the lungs is known as squamous epithelium tissue. It forms a diffusion boundary as well.

  • A simple epithelial tissue that is present in the ducts of glands and the tubular parts of the nephron in the Kidneys is known as the cuboidal epithelium. The main function of the cuboidal epithelium is secretion and absorption.

  • The simple epithelial tissue that is present in the stomach lining and intestine lining is the columnar epithelium. Its main function is secretion and absorption.

  • A type of simple epithelial tissue is known as the ciliated epithelium when the columnar or cuboidal cells bear cilia. They are present on the inner surface of hollow organs like bronchioles and fallopian tubes. It functions to move particles or mucus in a specific direction.

  • Simple epithelial tissue also includes glandular epithelium. When some of the columnar or cuboidal cells get specialised for secretion, it is known as the glandular epithelium. It is further categorised as exocrine and endocrine glands

Connective Tissue:

  • Connective tissues are the tissues that connect the body organs. Cells of these tissues are loosely arranged in a matrix. The nature of the matrix depends upon the function of the tissue.
  • Connective tissue can be categorised into three categories. They are loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, and specialised connective tissue.
  • Loose connective tissues consist of Areolar and Adipose tissues. Areolar make the filling between the organs for protection, and adipose tissue stores the food in the form of glycogen.
  • Ligaments and tendons come under dense connective tissue. Ligaments and tendons both are fibrous tissues. Ligaments are present between two bones and tendons are present between muscles and bones. This can be remembered by BLB, where B stands for bones and L stands for ligaments. One ligament is present between two bones.
  • Under specialised connective tissue, bones, cartilage and blood are present.
  • Bones are harder than cartilage because of the presence of a hard matrix that is made up of calcium. The major function of blood is the transportation of energy, gases, hormones, etc. 95 % of blood is plasma that contains RBCs. That is responsible for the transport of oxygen. It contains WBCs for increasing immunity and platelets for clotting purposes.
  • Lymph is a part of the blood that contains fewer proteins and fewer RBCs, making it pale in colour. It is used to transport fats.

Muscular Tissue:

  • Muscular tissue constitutes 40% of our body and can be classified as skeletal muscular tissue, smooth muscle tissue, and cardiac muscular tissue.

Muscular Tissue

Fig: Muscular tissue

  • skeletal muscles are cylindrical, unbranched, multinucleated, striated, and voluntary; that is, they are under our control and are found around the skeleton, for example, biceps.

  • Smooth muscles are spindle-shaped, uninucleated, and involuntary; that is, they are not under our control and are striated, They are found in intestine organs.

  • Cardiac tissue is simple, as it is found only in the heart and is involuntary; it's uninucleated, branched, and striated.

Nervous Tissue:

Nervous Tissue

Fig: Neuron

  • The nervous system consists of long neural cells called neurons, which are responsible for transporting stimuli from one part of the body to another.
  • A neuron is made up of a cell body (which contains a nucleus and cytoplasm), dendrites (long, thin, hair-like portions that emerge from the cell body), and an axon (a single long component).
  • A nerve impulse is a signal that travels along a nerve fibre.
  • Nerve impulses provide us with the ability to move our muscles when we wish to.
  • Most animals rely on a functional combination of nerve and muscle tissue to function.
  • This combination allows animals to respond to stimuli quickly.

Approach to Solve Questions of Class 9 Biology Chapter 6

This chapter consists of a combination of direct, conceptual, and application-based questions. To prepare well:

  • Read the NCERT and Exemplar very well for understanding the types, structure, and functions of plant tissues (meristematic and permanent) and animal tissues (epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous).
  • Practice drawing and labelling diagrams of plant tissues such as parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, and phloem, and animal tissues such as stratified epithelium, areolar tissue, cardiac muscle, and neurons.
  • Memorise the classification of tissues, their location and specific functions, and important terms such as simple permanent tissue, intercalary meristem, tendon, ligament, voluntary and involuntary muscles, and neuron.
  • Finish all exemplar questions highlighting differences among plant and animal tissues, forms of connective tissues, qualities of muscle types, and roles played by special cells in protection and coordination.

Important Topics from Class 9 Science Chapter 6: Tissues

This chapter is important because it introduces the concept of tissues as groups of similar cells working together to perform specific functions, which is fundamental to understanding the structure and function of both plants and animals. It explains different types of plant and animal tissues, their characteristics, and their roles in growth, support, and coordination.

Definition and Importance of Tissues
Types of Plant Tissues
Meristematic Tissue
Permanent Tissue (Simple and Complex)
Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma
Xylem and Phloem
Types of Animal Tissues
Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue (Areolar, Adipose, Blood, Bone, Cartilage)
Muscular Tissue
Nervous Tissue
Functions of Different Tissues

Subject-Wise NCERT Exemplar Solutions

Important Question in Class 9 Biology Chapter 6

Tissues is an important board exam chapter describing the way similar cell groups carry out particular functions effectively in plants and animals. It discusses very critical points such as the types of tissues in plants (meristematic and permanent) and animals (epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous) and their structure, position, and functions. If one understands this chapter, they will likely face questions on tissue specialisation, the distinction between plant and animal tissues, the function of connective tissues, and their applications in actual biology. Therefore, conceptual comprehension and achieving good marks become a necessity.

Question: What is the fundamental unit of life that gives rise to tissues?

a) Organ

b) Cell

c) Organ system

d) Organism

Answer: Cell

Explanation: A cell is the smallest part of a living thing that can do all the jobs needed for life. Many cells join together to make tissues, which then form organs and the whole body. Cells are like tiny building blocks that make up every living thing and help it grow, breathe, and reproduce
Subject-wise NCERT Solutions

Chapter-Wise NCERT Class 9 Notes Science

Below are the links to detailed notes for each chapter, designed to help you quickly revise and understand key concepts.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Ques 1. Differentiate between Simple Permanent Tissue and Complex Permanent Tissues.

Following are the differences:  

Simple Permanent Tissue

Complex Permanent Tissue

  1. Group of cells with a similar origin, function, and structure.

  1. Group of cells with several types of cells that have the same origin but different functions

  1. Composed of one type of cell

    2. Composed of several types of cells

  1.  There are three: parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma

    3.  There are two: xylem and phloem

2. Ques 2. Name the following Tissue (a) that forms the inner lining of our mouth. (b) that connects muscle to bone in humans. (c) that transports food in plants. (d) that stores fat in our bodies. (e) tissue with a fluid matrix.

(a) : Squamous Epithelium

(b) : Tendons

(c) : Phloem

(d) : Adipose

(e) : Blood

3. Ques 3. Differentiate between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma.

The differences are as follows:

Parenchyma

Collenchyma

Sclerenchyma

  1. cells are loosely packed

Cells are tightly packed

Cells are tightly packed

2. living cells

Living cells

Non-living cells

3. found almost in all tissues

provide flexibility

Provide thickness

4. Cell wall is made up of cellulose

The cell wall is made up of pectin

The cell wall is made up of lignin

thin cell wall

thicker cell wall

thickest cell wall

4. Ques 4. Explain in brief the role of the epidermis in plants.

Epidermis plays a very important role in plants. It acts as a barrier between the plant and the outside environment. As given in Class 9 science chapter 6 notes it also depends on the plant against the water loss and regulating gas exchange. The epidermis also secretes various metabolic chemicals and helps in the absorption of water and mineral nutrients in the roots. 

5. Ques 5. Differentiate between different kinds of muscles as per class 9 Tissues.

Skeletal Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Cardiac Muscle

  1. attached to bones and muscles

  1. lines walls of internal organs

  1. found only in the heart

2. Voluntary

2. Involuntary

2. Involuntary

3. cylindrical, multinucleated, and striated

3. spindle, uninucleate and unstriated

3. cylindrical, uninucleate, and striated.


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A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is

Option 1)

0.34\; J

Option 2)

0.16\; J

Option 3)

1.00\; J

Option 4)

0.67\; J

A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times.  Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated.  How much fat will he use up considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up ?  Fat supplies 3.8×107 J of energy per kg which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate.  Take g = 9.8 ms−2 :

Option 1)

2.45×10−3 kg

Option 2)

 6.45×10−3 kg

Option 3)

 9.89×10−3 kg

Option 4)

12.89×10−3 kg

 

An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range

Option 1)

2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J

Option 2)

200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J

Option 3)

2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J

Option 4)

20,000 \, \, J - 50,000 \, \, J

A particle is projected at 600   to the horizontal with a kinetic energy K. The kinetic energy at the highest point

Option 1)

K/2\,

Option 2)

\; K\;

Option 3)

zero\;

Option 4)

K/4

In the reaction,

2Al_{(s)}+6HCL_{(aq)}\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}\, _{(aq)}+6Cl^{-}\, _{(aq)}+3H_{2(g)}

Option 1)

11.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}  at STP  is produced for every mole HCL_{(aq)}  consumed

Option 2)

6L\, HCl_{(aq)}  is consumed for ever 3L\, H_{2(g)}      produced

Option 3)

33.6 L\, H_{2(g)} is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts

Option 4)

67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)} at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .

How many moles of magnesium phosphate, Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?

Option 1)

0.02

Option 2)

3.125 × 10-2

Option 3)

1.25 × 10-2

Option 4)

2.5 × 10-2

If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12, mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative atomic mass unit, the mass of one mole of a substance will

Option 1)

decrease twice

Option 2)

increase two fold

Option 3)

remain unchanged

Option 4)

be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.

With increase of temperature, which of these changes?

Option 1)

Molality

Option 2)

Weight fraction of solute

Option 3)

Fraction of solute present in water

Option 4)

Mole fraction.

Number of atoms in 558.5 gram Fe (at. wt.of Fe = 55.85 g mol-1) is

Option 1)

twice that in 60 g carbon

Option 2)

6.023 × 1022

Option 3)

half that in 8 g He

Option 4)

558.5 × 6.023 × 1023

A pulley of radius 2 m is rotated about its axis by a force F = (20t - 5t2) newton (where t is measured in seconds) applied tangentially. If the moment of inertia of the pulley about its axis of rotation is 10 kg m2 , the number of rotations made by the pulley before its direction of motion if reversed, is

Option 1)

less than 3

Option 2)

more than 3 but less than 6

Option 3)

more than 6 but less than 9

Option 4)

more than 9

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