NCERT Syllabus for Class 9 Science

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Matter in Our Surroundings

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Is Matter Around Us Pure

Atoms And Molecules

Structure Of The Atom

The Fundamental Unit Of Life

Tissues

Diversity in Living Organisms

Motion

Force And Laws Of Motion

Gravitation

Work and Energy

Sound

Why Do We Fall ill

Natural Resources

Improvement in Food Resources

Theme

Sub-theme

Questions

Key concepts

Food

Higher yields

• What do we do to get higher yields in our farms?

• Plant and animal breeding and selection for quality improvement

• Use of fertilizers

• Manures

• Protection from pests and diseases

• Organic farming.

Materials

Material in our clothing

• What kinds of clothes help us keep cool?

• Why do wet clothes feel cool?

• Cooling by evaporation.

• Absorption of heat.

Different kinds of materials

• In what way are materials different from each other?

• Is there some similarity in materials?

• In how many ways can you group the different materials you see around?

• How do solids, liquids and gases differ from each other?

• Can materials exist in all three states?

• All things occupy space, possess mass.

• Definition of matter.

• Solid, liquid and gas; characteristics – shape, volume, density

• Change of state-melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, sublimation.

What are things made of?

• What are things around you made of?

• What are the various types of chemical substances?

• Do substances combine in a definite manner?

• How do things combine with each other?

• Are there any patterns which can help us guess how things will combine with each other?

• How do chemists weigh and count particles of matter?

• Elements, compounds and mixtures.

• Heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures.

• Colloids and suspensions.

• Equivalence – that x grams of A is chemically not equal to x grams of B.

• Particle nature, basic units: atoms and molecules.

• Law of constant proportions. Atomic and molecular masses.

• Mole concept.

• Relationship of mole to mass of the particles and numbers.

• Valency.

• Chemical formulae of common compounds.

What is there inside an atom?

• Can we see an atom or a molecule under a microscope or by some other means?

• What is there inside an atom?

• Atoms are made up of smaller particles: electrons, protons, and neutrons.

• These smaller particles are present in all the atoms but their numbers vary in different atoms.

• Isotopes and isobars.

The World of the Living

Biological Diversity

• How do the various plants around us differ from each other?

• How are they similar?

• What about animals?

• How are they similar to and different from each other?

• Diversity of plants and animals – basic issues in scientific naming

• Basis of classification, Hierarchy of categories/groups

• Major groups of plants (salient features) (Bacteria,Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms).

• Major groups of animals (salient features) (Non- chordates up to phyla and Chordates up to classes).

What is the living being made up of?

• What are we made up of ?

• What are the different parts of our body?

• What is the smallest living unit?

• Cell as a basic unit of life; Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

• Multicellular organisms

• Cell membrane and cell wall

• Cell organelles: chloroplast, mitochondria, vacuoles, ER, Golgi Apparatus; nucleus, chromosomes – basic structure, number.

• Tissues, organs, organ systems, organism.

• Structure and functions of animal and plant tissues (four types in animals; meristematic and permanent tissues in plants).

How do we fall sick?

How do substances move from cell to cell?

• What are the various causes of diseases?

• How can diseases be prevented?

• How can we remain healthy?

• How do food and water move from cell to cell?

• How do gases get into the cells?

• What are the substances that living organisms exchange with the external world?

• How do they obtain these substances?

• Health and its failure.

• Disease and its causes.

• Diseases caused by microbes and their prevention – Typhoid, diarrhoea, malaria, hepatitis, rabies, AIDS, TB, polio; pulse polio programme.

• Diffusion/exchange of substances between cells and their environment, and between the cells themselves in the living system

• Role in nutrition, water and food transport, excretion, gaseous exchange.

Moving Things, People and Ideas

Motion

• How do we describe motion?

• Motion – displacement, velocity

• Uniform and non-uniform motion along a straight line

• Acceleration

• Distance-time and velocity time graphs for uniform and uniformly accelerated motion

• Elementary idea of uniform circular motion.

Force and Newton’s laws

• What makes things change their state of motion?

• Force and motion,

• Newton’s laws of motion: inertia of a body, inertia and mass, momentum, force and acceleration.

• Elementary idea of conservation of momentum, action and reaction forces.

Gravitation

• What makes things fall?

• Do all things fall in the same way?

• Gravitation

• Universal law of gravitation

• Force of gravitation of the earth (gravity)

• Acceleration due to gravity; mass and weight; free fall.

Work, energy and power

• How do we measure work done in moving anything?

• How does falling water make a mill run?

• Work done by a force, energy, power

• kinetic and potential energy

• law of conservation of energy.

Floating bodies

• How does a boat float on water?

• Thrust and pressure.

• Archimedes’ principle, buoyancy, elementary idea of relative density.

How do we hear from a distance?

• How does sound travel?

• What kind of sounds can we hear?

• What is an echo?

• How do we hear?

• Nature of sound and its propagation in various media, speed of sound, range of hearing in humans

• Ultrasound

• Reflection of sound

• Echo and sonar

• Structure of the human ear (auditory aspect only).

How Things Work

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Natural

Phenomena

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Natural

Resources

Balance in Nature

• Why do air, water and soil seem not to be consumed?

• How does the presence of air support life on earth?

• How have human activities created disturbances in the atmosphere?

• How does nature work to maintain the balance of its components?

• Physical resources: air, water, soil.

• Air for respiration, for combustion, for moderating temperatures, movements of air and its role in bringing rains across India.

• Air, water and soil pollution (brief introduction).

• Holes in the ozone layer and the probable damages.

• Biogeochemical cycles in nature: water, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen.

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