NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 "Carbon and Its Compounds"
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds, is curated by the senior and experienced faculty and subject experts at Careers360. Solving the NCERT textbook while making the solutions easy to grasp and understand is one of the challenging tasks that we have perfectly done! NCERT Solutions for Carbon and Its Compounds covers all the questions given in Chapter 4 of NCERT Textbook Science. NCERT Class 10 Science Solutions Chapter 4 will help you to clarify your concepts related to this chapter. Carbon and Its Compounds, Class 10 Science, Chapter 4 NCERT Solutions will be beneficial for board exams as well as competitive exams. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds are provided in simple language and are easily understandable.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Question Answer: NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science provides a solid foundation for each idea. It will be easy and clear to understand all the advanced concepts by working on NCERT Solutions PDF. Carbon and Its Compounds Class 10 Solutions will be heavily weighted in competitive exams like JEE and NEET, per the CBSE marking scheme. Class 10 Science Chapter 4 question answer are provided further in the article. Refer to NCERT Solutions for Class 10 for other subjects here.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds:
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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 - Carbon and Its Compounds (Intext Questions and Exercise)
Q. 2. What are the two properties of carbon which lead to the huge number of carbon compounds we see around us?
Answer:
The two properties of carbon which lead to the formation of a large number of carbon compounds are:
( 1) Catenation: Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with other atoms of carbon which gives rise to large molecules. The carbon-carbon bond is very strong and hence stable.
(2) Tetravalency: Since carbon has a valency of four, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms. These bonds that carbon forms with other elements are very strong making these compounds exceptionally stable.
Q. 4. Draw the structures for the following compounds.
(i) Ethanoic acid
Answer:
The structure of ethanoic acid is:
Q. 4. Draw the structures for the following compounds.
(ii) Bromopentane
Are structural isomers possible for bromopentane?
Answer:
The structure of bromopentane( ) is:
Yes, structural isomers for bromopentane is possible.
For n-pentane: Br at carbon
Also, Br at different carbons for iso-pentane and neo-pentane.
Q. 4. Draw the structures for the following compounds.
(iii) Butanone
Answer:
The structure of Butanone ( ) is:
Q. 4. Draw the structures for the following compounds.
(iv) Hexanal
Answer :
The structure of hexanal ( ) is:
Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Question Answer
Q. 5. (i) How would you name the following compound?
Answer :
The compound ( ) has 2 carbon atoms. Hence the parent hydrocarbon is ethane.
A bromo group is attached to one of the carbon atoms. Thus, the nomenclature of the compound is Bromoethane.
Q. 5. (ii) How would you name the following compounds?
Answer:
The compound ( ) contains 1 carbon atom. Hence the parent hydrocarbon is methane. It contains the functional group aldehyde.
Thus, the nomenclature of the compound is: Methanal.
Q.5. (III) How would you name the following compound?
Answer:
The compound has 6 carbons in the chain. Hence the parent hydrocarbon is hexane. It contains a triple bond and hence the suffix -yne- is used. Thus, the nomenclature of the compound is: Hexyne
Topic 4.4: Some Important Carbon Compounds - Ethanol and Ethanoic Acid
Q. 1. How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?
Answer:
We can distinguish between alcohol and carboxylic acid by reacting them with carbonates/hydrogen carbonates. The acid reacts with hydrogen carbonate to liberate carbon dioxide which turns lime water milky.
Whereas alcohol shows no evolution of gas when reacted with carbonates.
Q.2. What are oxidizing agents?
Answer:
The oxidation reaction is the reaction in which oxygen is added or hydrogen is removed.
The substance which adds oxygen to others is known as oxidizing agents.
Example : AlkalinepPotassium permanganate
NCERT solutions for class 10 science chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds - Exercise solutions
Q. 1. Ethane, with the molecular formula has
(a) 6 covalent bonds.
(b) 7 covalent bonds.
(c) 8 covalent bonds.
(d) 9 covalent bonds.
Answer:
Ethane, with the molecular formula has 7 covalent bonds.
(b) It has 1 ( ) and 6( ) bonds.
Q. 4. Explain the nature of the covalent bond using the bond formation in.
Answer:
Carbon has four electrons in its outermost shell and needs to gain or lose four electrons to attain noble gas configuration. Carbon overcomes this problem by sharing its valence electrons with other atoms of carbon or with atoms of other elements.
Of the four electrons, three are shared with hydrogen atoms and one with a chlorine atom. Thus it has three (C-H) and one (C-Cl) covalent bonds.
These bonds formed by the sharing of electrons are known as covalent bonds. Carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine attains the nearest noble gas configuration of Ne, He and Ar respectively.
Q. 6. What is a homologous series? Explain with an example.
Answer:
A series of carbon compounds having different numbers of carbon atoms but have the same functional group substituting the hydrogen atom is known as a homologous series.
For example, methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc. constitute the alkane homologous series. The general formula for alkanes is . Methane ; Ethane ; Propane and so on.
Q. 8. Why does micelle formation take place when soap is added to water? Will a micelle be formed in other solvents such as ethanol also?
Answer:
A soap is a sodium or potassium salt of long-chain fatty acids. It has one polar hydrophilic end and one non-polar hydrophobic end. These molecules have a unique orientation inside water in form of clusters of molecule in which hydrophobic ends are in the interior of the cluster and ionic ends on the surface of cluster thus keeping the hydrocarbon portion out of water. This formation is known as Micelle. Soap in the form of a micelle is able to clean, as the oily dirt is collected in the centre of the micelle.
No, micelle formation does not take place in ethanol because the alkyl chain of soap becomes soluble in alcohol.
Q. 9. Why are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications?
Answer:
Carbon compounds have high calorific values. Therefore, carbon and its compounds are used as fuels for most applications. They give a lot of heat and light when burnt in air. Saturated hydrocarbons like methane burn with a clean flame without any smoke and are thus environmentally friendly.
Class 10 Science Ch 4 NCERT Solutions
Q. 10. Explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap.
Answer:
Hard water contains calcium and magnesium salts. When soap is added with hard water, it reacts with the calcium and magnesium ions of hard water to form an insoluble substance called scum. To overcome this problem, detergents are used.
Q. 12. What is hydrogenation? What is its industrial application?
Answer:
The conversion of unsaturated hydrocarbon to saturated hydrocarbon by the addition of hydrogen in the presence of nickel catalyst is called hydrogenation. This reaction is commonly used in hydrogenation of vegetable oil into vegetable ghee.
Q. 15. Explain the mechanism of the cleaning action of soaps.
Answer:
A soap is a sodium or potassium salt of long-chain fatty acids. It has one polar hydrophilic end and one non-polar hydrophobic end. When soap is at the surface of the water, the hydrophobic tail of soap being nonsoluble in water protrudes out of the water with the ionic end in water.
When there is no more space for soap molecules on the surface, these molecules create a unique orientation inside water in form of clusters in which hydrophobic ends are in the interior of the cluster and ionic ends on the surface of cluster thus keeping the hydrocarbon portion out of water. This formation is known as Micelle.
Soap in the form of a micelle is able to clean, as the oily dirt is collected in the centre of the micelle.The ionic ends in the micelles remain attached to water. When the dirty clothes are agitated in a soap solution, the oily dirt particles entrapped by soap micelles get dispersed in water and the clothes get cleaned.
Ch 4 Science Class 10: Important Formulas and Diagrams + eBook link
This article also covers the Most important formulas from Chapter 4 of the Class 10 Science NCERT Textbook, apart from the Class 10th Science Chapter 4 question answer.
Chapter 4 Science Class 10 : Carbon and Its Compounds
Allotropes of Carbon
Diamond: In diamond every carbon atom is bonded to another four carbon atoms giving rise to a rigid three-dimensional structure.
Graphite: In graphite every carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms in the same plane giving rise to a hexagonal array.
C-60 Buckminsterfullerene: In C-60 Buckminsterfullerene, carbon atoms are arranged in the shape of a football.
Saturated Carbon Compounds
Carbon compounds which involves single bonds are called saturated carbon compounds.
Unsaturated Carbon Compounds
Carbon compounds which involves double or triple bonds are called unsaturated carbon compounds
Functional group in Carbon Compounds
Hetero Atom | Class of Compounds | Formula |
Cl/Br | Halo-(chloro, bromo)alkane | -Cl, -Br |
Oxygen | Alcohol | -OH |
Aldehyde | -CHO |
Ketone | -CO |
Carboxylic acid | -COOH |
Nomenclature of organic compounds
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON COMPOUNDS
Combustion
Carbon reacts with oxygen giving out carbon dioxide, heat and light.
Oxidation
When oxygen is added to the compound, the reaction is called oxidation reaction. It is done in the presence of an oxidizing agent.
Addition Reaction
When hydrogen is added to an unsaturated compound, in presence of a catalyst such as palladium or nickel giving rise to saturated hydrocarbons, the reaction is called addition reaction.
Substitution Reaction
When an atom or group of atoms are replaced by another atom, the reaction is called substitution reaction.
CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl (in the presence of sunlight)
Reactions of Ethanol
(i) Reaction with sodium –
2Na + 2CH3CH2OH → 2CH3CH2O–Na+ (Sodium ethoxide) + H2
(ii) Reaction to give unsaturated hydrocarbon:
CH3 - CH2OH —-- HOT CONC H2SO4—------> CH2 = CH2 +H20
Esterification reaction:
Reaction of ethanoic acid with a base:
NaOH + CH3COOH → CH3COONa + H2O
Reaction of ethanoic acid with carbonates and hydrogencarbonates:
2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 → 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
For more, Download Ebook - NCERT Class 10 Science: Chapterwise Important Formulas, Diagrams, And Points
Carbon and its Compounds Class 10 Solutions - Important Topics
Let us take a quick look at the list of units and subunits taken from NCERT Textbook Class 10 And included in NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4, Carbon and Its Compounds before diving into the specifics.
Carbon And Its Compounds
Bonding In Carbon – The Covalent Bond
Versatile Nature Of Carbon
- Saturated and Unsaturated Carbon Compounds
- Chains, Branches and Rings
- Carbon - Will you be my Friend?
- Homologous Series
- Nomenclature of Carbon Compounds
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Chemical Properties Of Carbon Compounds
- Combustion
- Oxidation
- Addition Reaction
- Substitution Reaction
Some Important Carbon Compounds – Ethanol And Ethanoic Acid
- Properties of Ethanol
- Properties of Ethanoic Acid
Soaps And Detergents
Free download NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon And Its Compounds PDF for CBSE Exam.
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Benefits of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds
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Chapter-wise NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science
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Highlights of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 – Carbon And Its Compounds PDF
The highlights for the Class 10 Science Chapter 4 solution PDF are given below:
- The NCERT (CBSE) Syllabus and Books are strictly followed in the Carbon and its Compounds Class 10 Solutions.
- The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 are easy-to-understand and comprehensive
- On this page, you will find clear and concise concepts from Ch 4 Science Class 10.
- The class 10 science chapter 4 question answer help clear doubt and give in-depth knowledge of concepts.
- The NCERT Solutions Class 10 Chapter 4 Science are prepared by subject matter experts in the easiest possible way.
- All the exercise questions and in-text solved questions are available for Science Chapter 4 Class 10.
- Stepwise solutions are provided here for Carbon and its Compounds Class 10 questions with answers.
- Diagrams for Class 10 Science Ch 4 are provided wherever required for a better understanding.
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