NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds - This chapter covers an important topic of Class 10 Science, i.e. Carbon and Its Compounds. NCERT Solutions for Carbon and Its Compounds Class 10 Science Chapter 4 covers all the questions given in the chapter 4 of NCERT books for Class 10 Science. NCERT Class 10 Science solutions chapter 4 will help you to clear your concepts related to this chapter. Carbon and Its Compounds Class 10 Science Chapter 4 NCERT solutions will be beneficial for board exams as well as competitive exams. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds are provided in simple language and are easily understandable. Refer to NCERT solutions for Class 10 for other subjects here.
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NCERT solutions for class 10 science chapter 4 Carbon and its compounds
Topic:4.1 Bonding in carbon - The covalent bond
Q.1. What would be the electron dot structure of carbon dioxide which has the formula ?
Answer:
The electron dot structure of carbon dioxide which has the formula is:
Answer:
The electron dot structure of a molecule of is:
NCERT Textbook Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds
Topic 4.2: Versatile nature of carbon
Q.1. How many structural isomers can you draw for pentane?
Answer:
There are three structural isomers of pentane:
n-pentane | ![]() |
iso-pentane | ![]() |
neo-pentane | ![]() |
Answer:
The two properties of carbon which lead to the formation of a large number of carbon compounds are:
( 1) Catenation: Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with other atoms of carbon which gives rise to large molecules. The carbon-carbon bond is very strong and hence stable.
(2) Tetravalency: Since carbon has a valency of four, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms. These bonds that carbon forms with other elements are very strong making these compounds exceptionally stable.
Q.3. What will be the formula and electron dot structure of cyclopentane?
Answer:
The formula of cyclopentane is .
And, the electron dot structure of cyclopentane is :
Q. 4. Draw the structures for the following compounds.
(i) Ethanoic acid
Answer:
The structure of ethanoic acid is:
Q. 4. Draw the structures for the following compounds.
(ii) Bromopentane
Are structural isomers possible for bromopentane?
Answer:
The structure of bromopentane( ) is:
Yes, structural isomers for bromopentane is possible.
For n-pentane: Br at carbon
Also, Br at different carbons for iso-pentane and neo-pentane.
Q. 4. Draw the structures for the following compounds.
(iii) Butanone
Answer:
The structure of Butanone ( ) is:
Q. 4. Draw the structures for the following compounds.
(iv) Hexanal
Answer :
The structure of hexanal ( ) is:
Q. 5. (i) How would you name the following compound?
Answer :
The compound ( ) has 2 carbon atoms. Hence the parent hydrocarbon is ethane.
A bromo group is attached to one of the carbon atoms. Thus, the nomenclature of the compound is Bromoethane.
Q. 5. (ii) How would you name the following compounds?
Answer:
The compound ( ) contains 1 carbon atom. Hence the parent hydrocarbon is methane. It contains the functional group aldehyde.
Thus, the nomenclature of the compound is: Methanal.
Q.5. (III) How would you name the following compound?
Answer:
The compound has 6 carbons in the chain. Hence the parent hydrocarbon is hexane. It contains a triple bond and hence the suffix -yne- is used. Thus, the nomenclature of the compound is: Hexyne
Topic 4.3 Chemical Properties of carbon compounds
Q. 1. Why is the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid an oxidation reaction?
Answer:
The conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid is :
Since there is an addition of oxygen in the reaction, this is an oxidation reaction.
Q. 2. A mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. Can you tell why a mixture of ethyne and air is not used?
Answer:
A mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. But a mixture of ethyne and air is not used. This is because ethyne undergoes incomplete combustion in air giving a sooty flame.
In oxygen, ethyne gives a clean flame with temperature as high as 3300 K due to complete combustion.
Topic 4.4: Some Important Carbon Compounds - Ethanol and Ethanoic Acid
Q. 1. How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?
Answer:
We can distinguish between alcohol and carboxylic acid by reacting them with carbonates/hydrogen carbonates. The acid reacts with hydrogen carbonate to liberate carbon dioxide which turns lime water milky.
Whereas alcohol shows no evolution of gas when reacted with carbonates.
Q.2. What are oxidizing agents?
Answer:
The oxidation reaction is the reaction in which oxygen is added or hydrogen is removed.
The substance which adds oxygen to others is known as oxidizing agents.
Example : AlkalinepPotassium permanganate
Topic 4.5: Soaps and Detergents
Q.1. Would you be able to check if the water is hard by using a detergent?
Answer:
No, we will not be able to check if the water is hard sing detergents. This is because detergents give rich lather with both hard and soft water without forming any scum.
Answer:
Soap molecules form spherical structures known as micelles. The oily dirt is trapped inside these micelles which remain suspended as colloid. Hence, to remove these micelles containing the dirt, the clothes are agitated.
NCERT solutions for class 10 science chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds - Exercise solutions
Q. 1. Ethane, with the molecular formula has
(a) 6 covalent bonds.
(b) 7 covalent bonds.
(c) 8 covalent bonds.
(d) 9 covalent bonds.
Answer:
Ethane, with the molecular formula has 7 covalent bonds.
(b) It has 1 ( ) and 6(
) bonds.
Q. 2. Butanone is a four-carbon compound with the functional group
(a) carboxylic acid.
(b) aldehyde.
(c) ketone.
(d) alcohol.
Answer:
Butanone is a four-carbon compound with the functional group ketone. (c)
Butan- one : one is the suffix used for the functional group ketone.
Q. 3. While cooking, if the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside, it means that
(a) the food is not cooked completely.
(b) the fuel is not burning completely.
(c) the fuel is wet.
(d) the fuel is burning completely.
Answer:
While cooking, if the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside, it means that the fuel is not burning completely.
(b) is the answer
Q. 4. Explain the nature of the covalent bond using the bond formation in.
Answer:
Carbon has four electrons in its outermost shell and needs to gain or lose four electrons to attain noble gas configuration. Carbon overcomes this problem by sharing its valence electrons with other atoms of carbon or with atoms of other elements.
Of the four electrons, three are shared with hydrogen atoms and one with a chlorine atom. Thus it has three (C-H) and one (C-Cl) covalent bonds.
These bonds formed by the sharing of electrons are known as covalent bonds. Carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine attains the nearest noble gas configuration of Ne, He and Ar respectively.
Q.5. (a) Draw the electron dot structures for
- ethanoic acid .
Answer:
The electron dot structure of ethanoic acid ( ) is:
Q.5. (b) Draw the electron dot structures for
-
.
Answer:
The electron dot structure of hydrogen sulphide ( ) is:
Q.5.(c) Draw the electron dot structures for
- propanone .
Answer:
The electron dot structure of propanone ( ) is:
Q. 6. What is a homologous series? Explain with an example.
Answer:
A series of carbon compounds having different numbers of carbon atoms but have the same functional group substituting the hydrogen atom is known as a homologous series.
For example, methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc. constitute the alkane homologous series. The general formula for alkanes is . Methane
; Ethane
; Propane
and so on.
Answer:
Physical Properties
Ethanol | Ethanoic acid |
It has a pleasant smell. | It has a pungent smell of vinegar. |
It has a low boiling point : 351 K. | It has a comparatively high boiling point: 391 K. |
Chemical Properties:
Ethanol | Ethanoic acid |
It has no action on litmus paper. | It turns blue litmus to red. |
no reaction with | Liberates |
Answer:
A soap is a sodium or potassium salt of long-chain fatty acids. It has one polar hydrophilic end and one non-polar hydrophobic end. These molecules have a unique orientation inside water in form of clusters of molecule in which hydrophobic ends are in the interior of the cluster and ionic ends on the surface of cluster thus keeping the hydrocarbon portion out of water. This formation is known as Micelle. Soap in the form of a micelle is able to clean, as the oily dirt is collected in the centre of the micelle.
No, micelle formation does not take place in ethanol because the alkyl chain of soap becomes soluble in alcohol.
Q. 9. Why are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications?
Answer:
Carbon compounds have high calorific values. Therefore, carbon and its compounds are used as fuels for most applications. They give a lot of heat and light when burnt in air. Saturated hydrocarbons like methane burn with a clean flame without any smoke and are thus environmentally friendly.
Q. 10. Explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap.
Answer:
Hard water contains calcium and magnesium salts. When soap is added with hard water, it reacts with the calcium and magnesium ions of hard water to form an insoluble substance called scum. To overcome this problem, detergents are used.
Q. 11. What change will you observe if you test soap with litmus paper (red and blue)?
Answer:
Soap is basic in nature and hence will turn red litmus blue. However it will have no effect on blue litmus paper.
Q. 12. What is hydrogenation? What is its industrial application?
Answer:
The conversion of unsaturated hydrocarbon to saturated hydrocarbon by the addition of hydrogen in the presence of nickel catalyst is called hydrogenation. This reaction is commonly used in hydrogenation of vegetable oil into vegetable ghee.
Q. 13. Which of the following hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions:
Answer:
Unsaturated hydrocarbons like alkenes and alkynes will undergo addition reactions. Therefore, (alkene having
) and
(alkyne having
) will give addition reactions.
Q. 14. Give a test that can be used to differentiate between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Answer:
Butter is a saturated compound and oil is an unsaturated compound.
Test: When oil is added to a test tube containing alkaline potassium permanganate solution , the pink colour of the solution disappear. Therefore, cooking oil causes decolourisation of the solution. This does not happen in case of butter.
Q. 15. Explain the mechanism of the cleaning action of soaps.
Answer:
A soap is a sodium or potassium salt of long-chain fatty acids. It has one polar hydrophilic end and one non-polar hydrophobic end. When soap is at the surface of the water, the hydrophobic tail of soap being nonsoluble in water protrudes out of the water with the ionic end in water.
When there is no more space for soap molecules on the surface, these molecules create a unique orientation inside water in form of clusters in which hydrophobic ends are in the interior of the cluster and ionic ends on the surface of cluster thus keeping the hydrocarbon portion out of water. This formation is known as Micelle.
Soap in the form of a micelle is able to clean, as the oily dirt is collected in the centre of the micelle.The ionic ends in the micelles remain attached to water. When the dirty clothes are agitated in a soap solution, the oily dirt particles entrapped by soap micelles get dispersed in water and the clothes get cleaned.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 for other subjects
Benefits of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds
NCERT Class 10 Science solutions chapter 4 will be of great help if you have an understanding of the chapter contents. Hence, read the entire chapter carefully before checking the solutions.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 will be useful for answer writing, as it will help you frame the answers correctly.
These Class 10 Science Chapter 4 NCERT solutions are prepared by subject matter experts, hence you can rely on it completely.
Chapter-wise NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science
Chapter No. | Chapter Name |
Chapter 1 | |
Chapter 2 | |
Chapter 3 | |
Chapter 4 | Carbon and Its Compounds |
Chapter 5 | |
Chapter 6 | |
Chapter 7 | |
Chapter 8 | |
Chapter 9 | |
Chapter 10 | |
Chapter 11 | |
Chapter 12 | |
Chapter 13 | |
Chapter 14 | |
Chapter 15 | |
Chapter 16 |
How to Use NCERT solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds
The NCERT Class 10 Science solutions chapter 4 are easy to understand. It will help you to clear your concepts.
You can access the NCERT solutions Class 10 Science chapter 4 pdf download soon to practice offline.
The NCERT solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its compounds are provided by the experts, so in case you have any doubt you can ask the questions.
Frequently Asked Question (FAQs) - NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds
Question: What is the weightage of chapter Carbon and Its Compounds in CBSE class 10 board final exam ?
Answer:
Weightage of chapter Carbon and Its Compounds in CBSE class 10 board final exam is 5 marks. More questions on Carbon and its Compounds chapter can be practised using NCERT exemplar and CBSE previous year papers.
Question: CBSE provides the solutions of NCERT class 10?
Answer:
No, CBSE doesn’t provide NCERT solutions for any class or subject.
Question: What are the important topics of Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds?
Answer:
Covalent Bonding in Carbon Compounds, Homologous series, Saturated & Unsaturated hydrocarbons, Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds, Nomenclature of Carbon Compounds Containing Functional Groups.
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Questions related to CBSE Class 10th
my sons dob is 13/02/2009 is hi eligible for 10th board exam in 2024,,from cbse. olz reply me
The eligibility age criteria for class 10th CBSE is 14 years of age. Since your son will be 15 years of age in 2024, he will be eligible to give the exam.
can Hindi marks be replace with IT 402(additional subject) in CBSE class 10th board
That totally depends on what you are aiming for. The replacement of marks of additional subjects and the main subject is not like you will get the marks of IT on your Hindi section. It runs like when you calculate your total percentage you have got, you can replace your lowest marks of the main subjects from the marks of the additional subject since CBSE schools goes for the best five marks for the calculation of final percentage of the students.
However, for the admission procedures in different schools after 10th, it depends on the schools to consider the percentage of main five subjects or the best five subjects to admit the student in their schools.
i got less marks in maths can it get replaced by additional hindi in cbse
Replacement of marks of additional subjects and your main course subject is not like they will swap the marks you got in Hindi and Mathematics on your marksheet. It works like if you calculate the total percentage you got in your class, you can take the marks of your additional subject to consider in place of the subject you have got the least marks in. CBSE schools consider this method only to release the merit list of their students.
If you're in 10th and aiming to get admission in 11th in any school, it depends on the schools if they consider your main five subject marks or the best five subject marks for the admission.
If you're in 12th and are trying for different colleges to get in, it depends on your course which you wish to study further and also some criterias and eligibility of the colleges. In most cases for general courses, colleges take the best three or best four subjects marks consideration for the admission process.
So, good luck.
when will cbse term 2 result will declare please tale
Hello,
Central Board of Secondary Education will declare term 2 CBSE exam result 2022 for Class 10 in the third week of July. Please keep an eye on the official website or the link below for the latest information. Students need to enter their CBSE board roll number and other details to check term 2 cbseresults.nic.in 2022 Class 10 results. The board had announced the CBSE Class 10 results 2022 for term 1 on March 11, 2022.
cbse 10 claas bord result check now
Hello Aspirant,
Class 10 cbse results are not out yet. It is expected to be declared on 23rd of July. Keep checking the official website of cbse.
Good luck.