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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds, is curated by the senior and experienced faculty and subject experts at Careers360. Solving the NCERT textbook while making the solutions easy to grasp and understand is one of the challenging tasks that we have perfectly done! NCERT Solutions for Carbon and Its Compounds covers all the questions given in Chapter 4 of NCERT Textbook Science. NCERT Class 10 Science Solutions Chapter 4 will help you to clarify your concepts related to this chapter. Carbon and Its Compounds, Class 10 Science, Chapter 4 NCERT Solutions will be beneficial for board exams as well as competitive exams. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds are provided in simple language and are easily understandable.
Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Question Answer: NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science provides a solid foundation for each idea. It will be easy and clear to understand all the advanced concepts by working on NCERT Solutions PDF. Carbon and Its Compounds Class 10 Solutions will be heavily weighted in competitive exams like JEE and NEET, per the CBSE marking scheme. Class 10 Science Chapter 4 question answer are provided further in the article. Refer to NCERT Solutions for Class 10 for other subjects here.
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Q.1. What would be the electron dot structure of carbon dioxide which has the formula ?
Answer:
The electron dot structure of carbon dioxide which has the formula is:
Answer:
The electron dot structure of a molecule of is:
NCERT Textbook Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds
Q.1. How many structural isomers can you draw for pentane?
Answer:
There are three structural isomers of pentane:
n-pentane | ![]() |
iso-pentane | ![]() |
neo-pentane | ![]() |
Answer:
The two properties of carbon which lead to the formation of a large number of carbon compounds are:
( 1) Catenation: Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with other atoms of carbon which gives rise to large molecules. The carbon-carbon bond is very strong and hence stable.
(2) Tetravalency: Since carbon has a valency of four, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms. These bonds that carbon forms with other elements are very strong making these compounds exceptionally stable.
Q.3. What will be the formula and electron dot structure of cyclopentane?
Answer:
The formula of cyclopentane is .
And, the electron dot structure of cyclopentane is :
Q. 4. Draw the structures for the following compounds.
(i) Ethanoic acid
Answer:
The structure of ethanoic acid is:
Q. 4. Draw the structures for the following compounds.
(ii) Bromopentane
Are structural isomers possible for bromopentane?
Answer:
The structure of bromopentane( ) is:
Yes, structural isomers for bromopentane is possible.
For n-pentane: Br at carbon
Also, Br at different carbons for iso-pentane and neo-pentane.
Q. 4. Draw the structures for the following compounds.
(iii) Butanone
Answer:
The structure of Butanone ( ) is:
Q. 4. Draw the structures for the following compounds.
(iv) Hexanal
Answer :
The structure of hexanal ( ) is:
Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Question Answer
Q. 5. (i) How would you name the following compound?
Answer :
The compound ( ) has 2 carbon atoms. Hence the parent hydrocarbon is ethane.
A bromo group is attached to one of the carbon atoms. Thus, the nomenclature of the compound is Bromoethane.
Q. 5. (ii) How would you name the following compounds?
Answer:
The compound ( ) contains 1 carbon atom. Hence the parent hydrocarbon is methane. It contains the functional group aldehyde.
Thus, the nomenclature of the compound is: Methanal.
Q.5. (III) How would you name the following compound?
Answer:
The compound has 6 carbons in the chain. Hence the parent hydrocarbon is hexane. It contains a triple bond and hence the suffix -yne- is used. Thus, the nomenclature of the compound is: Hexyne
Q. 1. Why is the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid an oxidation reaction?
Answer:
The conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid is :
Since there is an addition of oxygen in the reaction, this is an oxidation reaction.
Q. 2. A mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. Can you tell why a mixture of ethyne and air is not used?
Answer:
A mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. But a mixture of ethyne and air is not used. This is because ethyne undergoes incomplete combustion in air giving a sooty flame.
In oxygen, ethyne gives a clean flame with temperature as high as 3300 K due to complete combustion.
Q. 1. How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?
Answer:
We can distinguish between alcohol and carboxylic acid by reacting them with carbonates/hydrogen carbonates. The acid reacts with hydrogen carbonate to liberate carbon dioxide which turns lime water milky.
Whereas alcohol shows no evolution of gas when reacted with carbonates.
Q.2. What are oxidizing agents?
Answer:
The oxidation reaction is the reaction in which oxygen is added or hydrogen is removed.
The substance which adds oxygen to others is known as oxidizing agents.
Example : AlkalinepPotassium permanganate
Q.1. Would you be able to check if the water is hard by using a detergent?
Answer:
No, we will not be able to check if the water is hard sing detergents. This is because detergents give rich lather with both hard and soft water without forming any scum.
Answer:
Soap molecules form spherical structures known as micelles. The oily dirt is trapped inside these micelles which remain suspended as colloid. Hence, to remove these micelles containing the dirt, the clothes are agitated.
Q. 1. Ethane, with the molecular formula has
(a) 6 covalent bonds.
(b) 7 covalent bonds.
(c) 8 covalent bonds.
(d) 9 covalent bonds.
Answer:
Ethane, with the molecular formula has 7 covalent bonds.
(b) It has 1 ( ) and 6(
) bonds.
Q. 2. Butanone is a four-carbon compound with the functional group
(a) carboxylic acid.
(b) aldehyde.
(c) ketone.
(d) alcohol.
Answer:
Butanone is a four-carbon compound with the functional group ketone. (c)
Butan- one : one is the suffix used for the functional group ketone.
Q. 3. While cooking, if the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside, it means that
(a) the food is not cooked completely.
(b) the fuel is not burning completely.
(c) the fuel is wet.
(d) the fuel is burning completely.
Answer:
While cooking, if the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside, it means that the fuel is not burning completely.
(b) is the answer
Q. 4. Explain the nature of the covalent bond using the bond formation in.
Answer:
Carbon has four electrons in its outermost shell and needs to gain or lose four electrons to attain noble gas configuration. Carbon overcomes this problem by sharing its valence electrons with other atoms of carbon or with atoms of other elements.
Of the four electrons, three are shared with hydrogen atoms and one with a chlorine atom. Thus it has three (C-H) and one (C-Cl) covalent bonds.
These bonds formed by the sharing of electrons are known as covalent bonds. Carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine attains the nearest noble gas configuration of Ne, He and Ar respectively.
Class 10 Carbon and Its Compounds Solutions:
Q.5. (a) Draw the electron dot structures for
Answer:
The electron dot structure of ethanoic acid ( ) is:
Q.5. (b) Draw the electron dot structures for
Answer:
The electron dot structure of hydrogen sulphide ( ) is:
Q.5.(c) Draw the electron dot structures for
Answer:
The electron dot structure of propanone ( ) is:
Q. 6. What is a homologous series? Explain with an example.
Answer:
A series of carbon compounds having different numbers of carbon atoms but have the same functional group substituting the hydrogen atom is known as a homologous series.
For example, methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc. constitute the alkane homologous series. The general formula for alkanes is . Methane
; Ethane
; Propane
and so on.
Answer:
Physical Properties
Ethanol | Ethanoic acid |
It has a pleasant smell. | It has a pungent smell of vinegar. |
It has a low boiling point : 351 K. | It has a comparatively high boiling point: 391 K. |
Chemical Properties:
Ethanol | Ethanoic acid |
It has no action on litmus paper. | It turns blue litmus to red. |
no reaction with | Liberates |
Answer:
A soap is a sodium or potassium salt of long-chain fatty acids. It has one polar hydrophilic end and one non-polar hydrophobic end. These molecules have a unique orientation inside water in form of clusters of molecule in which hydrophobic ends are in the interior of the cluster and ionic ends on the surface of cluster thus keeping the hydrocarbon portion out of water. This formation is known as Micelle. Soap in the form of a micelle is able to clean, as the oily dirt is collected in the centre of the micelle.
No, micelle formation does not take place in ethanol because the alkyl chain of soap becomes soluble in alcohol.
Q. 9. Why are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications?
Answer:
Carbon compounds have high calorific values. Therefore, carbon and its compounds are used as fuels for most applications. They give a lot of heat and light when burnt in air. Saturated hydrocarbons like methane burn with a clean flame without any smoke and are thus environmentally friendly.
Class 10 Science Ch 4 NCERT Solutions
Q. 10. Explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap.
Answer:
Hard water contains calcium and magnesium salts. When soap is added with hard water, it reacts with the calcium and magnesium ions of hard water to form an insoluble substance called scum. To overcome this problem, detergents are used.
Q. 11. What change will you observe if you test soap with litmus paper (red and blue)?
Answer:
Soap is basic in nature and hence will turn red litmus blue. However it will have no effect on blue litmus paper.
Q. 12. What is hydrogenation? What is its industrial application?
Answer:
The conversion of unsaturated hydrocarbon to saturated hydrocarbon by the addition of hydrogen in the presence of nickel catalyst is called hydrogenation. This reaction is commonly used in hydrogenation of vegetable oil into vegetable ghee.
Q. 13. Which of the following hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions:
Answer:
Unsaturated hydrocarbons like alkenes and alkynes will undergo addition reactions. Therefore, (alkene having
) and
(alkyne having
) will give addition reactions.
Q. 14. Give a test that can be used to differentiate between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Answer:
Butter is a saturated compound and oil is an unsaturated compound.
Test: When oil is added to a test tube containing alkaline potassium permanganate solution , the pink colour of the solution disappear. Therefore, cooking oil causes decolourisation of the solution. This does not happen in case of butter.
Q. 15. Explain the mechanism of the cleaning action of soaps.
Answer:
A soap is a sodium or potassium salt of long-chain fatty acids. It has one polar hydrophilic end and one non-polar hydrophobic end. When soap is at the surface of the water, the hydrophobic tail of soap being nonsoluble in water protrudes out of the water with the ionic end in water.
When there is no more space for soap molecules on the surface, these molecules create a unique orientation inside water in form of clusters in which hydrophobic ends are in the interior of the cluster and ionic ends on the surface of cluster thus keeping the hydrocarbon portion out of water. This formation is known as Micelle.
Soap in the form of a micelle is able to clean, as the oily dirt is collected in the centre of the micelle.The ionic ends in the micelles remain attached to water. When the dirty clothes are agitated in a soap solution, the oily dirt particles entrapped by soap micelles get dispersed in water and the clothes get cleaned.
This article also covers the Most important formulas from Chapter 4 of the Class 10 Science NCERT Textbook, apart from the Class 10th Science Chapter 4 question answer.
Chapter 4 Science Class 10 : Carbon and Its Compounds
Allotropes of Carbon
Diamond: In diamond every carbon atom is bonded to another four carbon atoms giving rise to a rigid three-dimensional structure.
Graphite: In graphite every carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms in the same plane giving rise to a hexagonal array.
C-60 Buckminsterfullerene: In C-60 Buckminsterfullerene, carbon atoms are arranged in the shape of a football.
Saturated Carbon Compounds
Carbon compounds which involves single bonds are called saturated carbon compounds.
Unsaturated Carbon Compounds
Carbon compounds which involves double or triple bonds are called unsaturated carbon compounds
Functional group in Carbon Compounds
Hetero Atom | Class of Compounds | Formula |
Cl/Br | Halo-(chloro, bromo)alkane | -Cl, -Br |
Oxygen | Alcohol | -OH |
Aldehyde | -CHO | |
Ketone | -CO | |
Carboxylic acid | -COOH |
Nomenclature of organic compounds
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON COMPOUNDS
Combustion
Carbon reacts with oxygen giving out carbon dioxide, heat and light.
Oxidation
When oxygen is added to the compound, the reaction is called oxidation reaction. It is done in the presence of an oxidizing agent.
Addition Reaction
When hydrogen is added to an unsaturated compound, in presence of a catalyst such as palladium or nickel giving rise to saturated hydrocarbons, the reaction is called addition reaction.
Substitution Reaction
When an atom or group of atoms are replaced by another atom, the reaction is called substitution reaction.
CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl (in the presence of sunlight)
Reactions of Ethanol
(i) Reaction with sodium –
2Na + 2CH3CH2OH → 2CH3CH2O–Na+ (Sodium ethoxide) + H2
(ii) Reaction to give unsaturated hydrocarbon:
CH3 - CH2OH —-- HOT CONC H2SO4—------> CH2 = CH2 +H20
Esterification reaction:
Reaction of ethanoic acid with a base:
NaOH + CH3COOH → CH3COONa + H2O
Reaction of ethanoic acid with carbonates and hydrogencarbonates:
2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 → 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
For more, Download Ebook - NCERT Class 10 Science: Chapterwise Important Formulas, Diagrams, And Points
Let us take a quick look at the list of units and subunits taken from NCERT Textbook Class 10 And included in NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4, Carbon and Its Compounds before diving into the specifics.
Carbon And Its Compounds
Bonding In Carbon – The Covalent Bond
Versatile Nature Of Carbon
Chemical Properties Of Carbon Compounds
Some Important Carbon Compounds – Ethanol And Ethanoic Acid
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Soaps And Detergents
Free download NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon And Its Compounds PDF for CBSE Exam.
NCERT Class 10 Science solutions chapter 4 will be of great help if you have an understanding of the chapter contents. Hence, read the entire chapter carefully before checking the solutions.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 will be useful for answer writing, as it will help you frame the answers correctly.
These Class 10 Science Chapter 4 NCERT solutions are prepared by subject matter experts, hence you can rely on it completely.
Chapter No. | Chapter Name |
Chapter 1 | |
Chapter 2 | |
Chapter 3 | |
Chapter 4 | Carbon and Its Compounds |
Chapter 5 | |
Chapter 6 | |
Chapter 7 | |
Chapter 8 | |
Chapter 9 | |
Chapter 10 | |
Chapter 11 | |
Chapter 12 | |
Chapter 13 | |
Chapter 14 | |
Chapter 15 | |
Chapter 16 |
The NCERT Class 10 Science Solutions Chapter 4 are easy to understand. It will help you clarify your concepts.
You can access the NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Chapter 4 PDF download soon to practice offline.
The NCERT solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds are provided by the experts, so in case you have any doubt, you can ask the questions.
The highlights for the Class 10 Science Chapter 4 solution PDF are given below:
Also Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here:
Weightage of chapter Carbon and Its Compounds in CBSE class 10 board final exam is 5 marks. More questions on Carbon and its Compounds chapter can be practised using NCERT exemplar and CBSE previous year papers.
No, CBSE doesn’t provide NCERT solutions for any class or subject.
Covalent Bonding in Carbon Compounds, Homologous series, Saturated & Unsaturated hydrocarbons, Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds, Nomenclature of Carbon Compounds Containing Functional Groups.
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Hello Aspirant, Hope your doing great, your question was incomplete and regarding what exam your asking.
Yes, scoring above 80% in ICSE Class 10 exams typically meets the requirements to get into the Commerce stream in Class 11th under the CBSE board . Admission criteria can vary between schools, so it is advisable to check the specific requirements of the intended CBSE school. Generally, a good academic record with a score above 80% in ICSE 10th result is considered strong for such transitions.
hello Zaid,
Yes, you can apply for 12th grade as a private candidate .You will need to follow the registration process and fulfill the eligibility criteria set by CBSE for private candidates.If you haven't given the 11th grade exam ,you would be able to appear for the 12th exam directly without having passed 11th grade. you will need to give certain tests in the school you are getting addmission to prove your eligibilty.
best of luck!
According to cbse norms candidates who have completed class 10th, class 11th, have a gap year or have failed class 12th can appear for admission in 12th class.for admission in cbse board you need to clear your 11th class first and you must have studied from CBSE board or any other recognized and equivalent board/school.
You are not eligible for cbse board but you can still do 12th from nios which allow candidates to take admission in 12th class as a private student without completing 11th.
Yes, you can definitely apply for diploma courses after passing 10th CBSE. In fact, there are many diploma programs designed specifically for students who have completed their 10th grade.
Generally, passing 10th CBSE with a minimum percentage (often 50%) is the basic eligibility for diploma courses. Some institutes might have specific subject requirements depending on the diploma specialization.
There is a wide range of diploma courses available in various fields like engineering (e.g., mechanical, civil, computer science), computer applications, animation, fashion design, hospitality management, and many more.
You can pursue diplomas at various institutions like:
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