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NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants
Edited By Irshad Anwar | Updated on Apr 21, 2025 11:52 AM IST
Class 7 Science Reproduction in Plants chapter teaches students about the process of reproduction and how much a living being depends upon it for survival. The two ways of reproduction in plants, i.e., asexual and sexual reproduction, are discussed in this chapter, with the former consisting of techniques such as vegetative propagation, budding, fragmentation, and spore formation and the latter consisting of male and female gamete fusion. Descriptive phrases like pollination, fertilization, seed formation, and seed distribution are described to make the students aware of the plant life cycle. NCERT Solutions for Class 7 are exact solutions of textbook exercises for students to understand concepts by examples and diagrams.
This Story also Contains
- Download PDF of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 8: Reproduction in Plants
- Solved Exercise Questions of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants
- Overview of Chapter 8- Reproduction in Plants
- Major Topics in Class 7 Science Chapter 8- Reproduction in Plants
- NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter-Wise
- Practice Questions on Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants
It is advisable to study this chapter with proper care for such topics as flower structure, seed germination, and seed dispersal devices. Solutions are designed to match the CBSE curriculum and assist students in preparing well for their exams. Students are able to solve their problems and achieve high scores in such subjects as plant reproduction: sexual and asexual reproduction with the use of NCERT Solutions Science Chapter 8.
Download PDF of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 8: Reproduction in Plants
Solved Exercise Questions of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants
The solutions are given in sequence as per the NCERT textbook data:
(a) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of parent is called_____________.
(b) A flower may have either male or female reproductive parts. Such a flower is called_____________.
(c) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or of another flower of the same kind is known as _____________.
(d) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as _____________.
(e) Seed dispersal takes place by means of _____________, _____________ and _____________.
Answer:
(a) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of parent is called vegetative propagation .
(b) A flower may have either male or female reproductive parts. Such a flower is called unisexual flower .
(c) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or of another flower of the same kind is known as pollination .
(d) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as fertilization .
(e) Seed dispersal takes place by means of wind , water, and animal .
Q2. Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction. Give examples.
Answer:
Different methods of asexual reproduction are:
(i) Fission : is division, the parent cell divides into two or more cells. Fission can be of two types, namely, binary fission and multiple fission. In binary fission, the parent cell divides into two equal halves called daughter cells. During the multiple fission, the organism divides itself into numerous daughter cells.
(ii) Fragmentation : The parent body divides into two or more fragments. Later, each fragment develops into a new individual.
(iii) Regeneration : In these organisms, when the cell divides into numerous pieces, each piece proliferates and differentiates to regenerate new organisms. For example, when a lizard loses its tail, it grows a new one.
(iv) Budding : Some organisms develop buds on their body and these buds develop into a new individual, this is known as budding.
(v) Vegetative propagation : Reproduction through their vegetative parts such as leaves, roots, buds, and stems and this is known as vegetative propagation.
Q3. Explain what you understand by sexual reproduction.
Answer:
When two parents are involved in reproduction, the method is called sexual reproduction.
During fertilization, the male and female gametes fuse to produce a zygote.
Then zygote subsequently develops into an embryo which further develops into a new individual.
Q4. State the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction.
Answer:
The main differences between asexual and sexual reproduction are:
| S.No. | Asexual reproduction | Sexual reproduction |
| 1. | Only one parent is involved. | Two parents are required i.e., male and female |
| 2. | The offspring formed is similar to the parent. | The offspring formed shows some variation with respect to the parent. |
| 3. | For example, hydra, yeast, etc. show asexual reproduction. | For example, humans, animals, insects, etc. shows sexual reproduction. |
Q5. Sketch the reproductive parts of a flower.
Answer:
The sketch of the reproductive parts fo flower is shown below:
Q6. Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination.
Answer:
The differences between the self-pollination and the cross-pollination are:
| S.No. | Self-pollination | Cross-pollination |
| 1. | Within the same flower, the pollen grains are transferred to the stigma. | The pollen grains are transferred to the stigma of a different flower. |
| 2. | Pollinating agents are not required in this type of pollination. | Pollinating agents such as the winds, water, insects, etc. are required in this type of pollination. |
| 3. | For example, sunflower, peanuts, etc. | For example, rose, mango, etc, and most of the flowering plants. |
Q7. How does the process of fertilisation take place in flowers?
Answer:
Once the pollen grains spread on the stigma, it produces a pollen tube and this process is called the germination of pollen grains.
Then the pollen tube penetrates the style and reaches the ovary where the male nucleus is transferred through this pollen tube and finally, the fusion of male and female nuclei takes place inside the ovary. Thus, this step is called fertilization.
Q8. Describe the various ways by which seeds are dispersed.
Answer:
Seeds and fruits of plants are carried away by the wind, water, and animals.
By wind: Winged seeds such as those of drumstick and maple, light seeds of grasses or hairy seeds of aak (Madar) and hairy fruit of the sunflower, get blown off with the wind to far away places.
By water: Some seeds are dispersed by water. These fruits or seeds usually develop floating ability in the form of the spongy or fibrous outer coat as in coconut.
By animals: Some seeds are dispersed by animals, especially spiny seeds with hooks that get attached to the bodies of animals and are carried to distant places. Examples are Xanthium and Urena.
By bursting: Some seeds are dispersed when the fruits burst with sudden jerks. The seeds are scattered far from the parent plant. This happens in the case of castor and balsam.
Q9. Match items in Column I with those in Column II:
Column I Column II
(a) Bud (i) Maple
(b) Eyes (ii) Spirogyra
(c) Fragmentation (iii) Yeast
(d) Wings (iv) Bread mould
(e) Spores (v) Potato
(vi) Rose
Answer:
The matched columns are shown below:
| Column I | Column II |
| (a) Bud | (iii) Yeast |
| (b) Eyes | (v) Potato |
| (c) Fragmentation | (ii) Spirogyra |
| (d) Wings | (i) Maple |
| (e) Spores | (iv) Bread mould |
Q10. Tick the correct answer: (a) The reproductive part of a plant is the
(i) leaf (ii) stem (iii) root (iv) flower
Answer:
(a) The reproductive part of a plant is the
(iv) Flower.
Q11. Tick the correct answer: (b) The process of fusion of the male and the female gametes is called
(i) fertilisation (ii) pollination (iii) reproduction (iv) seed formation
Answer:
(b) The process of fusion of the male and the female gametes is called (i) Fertilization.
Q12. Tick the correct answer:
(i) seed (ii) stamen (iii) pistil (iv) fruit
Answer:
(c) Mature ovary forms the (iv) Fruit.
Q13. Tick the correct answer:
(d) A spore-producing organism is
(i) rose (ii) bread mould (iii) potato (iv) ginger
Answer:
(d) A spore producing organism is (ii) bread mould.
Q14. Tick the correct answer:
(e) Bryophyllum can reproduce by its
(i) stem (ii) leaves (iii) roots (iv) flower
Answer:
(e) Bryophyllum can reproduce by its (ii) leaves.
NCERT Solutions for Class 7: Subject Wise
Overview of Chapter 8- Reproduction in Plants
This chapter describes the way plants develop new individuals so that their race can survive and continue. This chapter discusses sexual as well as asexual means of reproduction. Sexual reproduction entails flowers, with male gametes (pollen) fusing with female gametes (ovules) on fertilization to produce seeds. Asexual means of reproduction consist of processes such as vegetative propagation, budding, and production of spores. The chapter also explains seed formation, fruiting, and seed dispersal, citing how plants evolve to reproduce effectively in various ecosystems.
Major Topics in Class 7 Science Chapter 8- Reproduction in Plants
Important Topics in Chapter Reproduction in Plants:
Section | Topic Name |
12 | |
12.1 | |
12.2 | |
12.3 | |
12.4 |
Important Subtopics in Chapter 8, Science Class 7
Some important subtopics are mentioned below:
NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter-Wise
The chapterwise solutions are given below:
Practice Questions on Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants
Question: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of wind-pollinated flowers?
Options:
Large and colourful petals
Light and dry pollen
Well-exposed stamens
Feathery stigma
Answer: Option (1) Large and colourful petals
Solution: Wind-pollinated flowers, like those of grasses, tend to have inconspicuous, non-scented, and diminutive flowers. They can do without large and showy petals as they do not need to attract a pollinator. They instead have lots of light, dry pollen and have feathery stigmas to trap pollen grains from the air.
Question: The process of the transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma is known as?
Answer: Pollination is the process of the transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma.
Question: What are the two major modes of pollination?
Answer: Self-pollination and cross-pollination
Question: Who is referred to as the father of contemporary plant embryology?
Answer: Panchanan Maheshwari
Question: Match the following:
A. Microsporangium – i. Female gametophyte
B. Megaspore – ii. Site of pollen formation
C. Embryo sac – iii. Becomes embryo
Options:
A-ii, B-iii, C-i
A-iii, B-i, C-ii
A-i, B-ii, C-iii
A-ii, B-i, C-iii
Answer: Option 1: A-ii, B-iii, C-i
Solution:
Microsporangium is the organ in which pollen is produced.
Megaspore grows into the embryo sac and ultimately gives rise to the embryo.
The embryo sac is the female gametophyte.
Question: Define double fertilization in flowering plants.
Answer: Double fertilization is a distinctive characteristic of angiosperms in which two male gametes take part in fertilization. One gamete joins the egg to create a diploid zygote (syngamy), and the other joins the two polar nuclei to create a triploid primary endosperm nucleus. Double fertilization is crucial for the development of seeds and is specific to flowering plants.
Double fertilization makes the endosperm grow only in fertilized ovules and avoids wastage of energy. The zygote forms the embryo, whereas the triploid cell forms the endospermous nutritive tissue. This symbiotic development is essential for the viability and support of the seed . Double fertilization is said to be an advanced mechanism of effective reproduction.
Question: The functions of the following reproductive structures are:
a) Anther
b) Ovary
Answer: Anther: Forms and discharges the pollen grains which carry the male gametes. It has the pollen sacs where meiosis takes place for the formation of haploid microspores. The outer skin of the anther aids in dehiscence, ejecting mature pollen. Pollen grains transfer the male genetic material to the female reproductive part of the flower. It is critically involved in the pollination and fertilization process.
Ovary: Holds ovules and becomes fruit after being fertilized. Inside the ovary, each ovule contains a female gametophyte (embryo sac). The ovary swells up after fertilization and develops into the fruit, enclosing the seeds. It allows for the growth of the seed and helps in its distribution .The ovary is therefore important for reproductive success and continuity of species.
Also, Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here
We hope you will ace your examination with the help of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What is reproduction? Why is it necessary for living organisms?
Reproduction is the biological process by which organisms produce offspring, ensuring the continuity of their species. It is necessary to prevent species extinction and enable genetic variation, which aids adaptation.
2. What are the different modes of reproduction in plants?
Plants reproduce through sexual reproduction (involving pollination and fertilization) and asexual reproduction (including budding, fragmentation, spore formation, and vegetative propagation).
3. What is asexual reproduction? Name its different types.
Asexual reproduction creates genetically identical offspring without gametes. Types include budding, fragmentation, spore formation, and vegetative propagation.
4. Explain the process of budding with an example.
In budding, a new organism grows as an outgrowth (bud) from the parent. Example: Hydra develops buds that detach to form new individuals.
5. What is fragmentation? Name a plant that reproduces by this method.
Fragmentation occurs when a parent organism breaks into pieces, each growing into a new individual. Example: Spirogyra (a green alga).
6. Define spore formation with an example.
Spores are reproductive cells that germinate into new organisms under favorable conditions. Example: Ferns release spores from sporangia.
7. What is vegetative propagation? Give two examples.
Vegetative propagation uses plant parts (e.g., stems, roots) to grow new plants. Examples:
Potato tubers
Onion bulbs.
8. What is sexual reproduction in plants?
It involves the fusion of male (pollen) and female (ovule) gametes, leading to seed formation.
9. Define pollination and its types.
Pollination is pollen transfer from anther to stigma. Types:
Self-pollination: Pollen lands on the same flower.
Cross-pollination: Pollen is transferred to another plant’s flower.
10. What is fertilization? How does it occur in plants?
Fertilization is the fusion of male and female gametes. In plants, pollen forms a tube to deliver sperm to the ovule, creating a zygote.
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