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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production And Management
Edited By Irshad Anwar | Updated on May 09, 2025 08:36 PM IST
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management: We all know that food is necessary for all living organisms, and for this reason, we need to grow a large quantity of food for a large population. This chapter is all about growing crops and increasing the yield of a crop. Students learn about different steps involved in growing crops, starting from preparing the soil. This includes plowing the land, choosing the right seeds, and planting them at the right time, and what the different methods involved are. This chapter will also give the knowledge of irrigation, methods that can be used and the difference between manure and fertilizers. NCERT Solutions for class 8 deepen your knowledge about these practices and give you the confidence in answering the questions skillfully.
This Story also Contains
- NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Crop Production and Management PDF
- Crop Production and Management Class 8 Science NCERT Textbook Questions Answers
- How to solve NCERT Class 8 Chapter 1 questions effectively?
- Important Topics in NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1
- Practice Questions from Chapter 1
- NCERT Solutions For Class 8th Science: Chapter-Wise
In India, two cropping patterns are there, which are Rabi and Kharif crops, under which we grow the crops. Students will know this and their examples after going through the chapter. This provides you with the detailed answers in the best format to score well in the exams. In agriculture, the important task is to turn the soil and loosen it, so that roots can penetrate deep into the soil because loose soil allows the roots to breathe easily, even when they go deep into the soil. This is done to increase the yield, and all other processes which are involved are explained in detail by our subject experts.
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Crop Production and Management PDF
By clicking on the below icon, students can easily download the PDF of Chapter 1 and can access offline as well.
Crop Production and Management Class 8 Science NCERT Textbook Questions Answers
Given below are the solved exercises of Chapter 1 that will give you a clear understanding of the concepts and make you familiar with the question pattern in the exam.
Q1. Select the correct word from the following list and fill in the blanks.
float, water, crop, nutrients, preparation
(a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called _____________.
(b) The first step before growing crops is _____________ of the soil.
(c) Damaged seeds would _____________ on top of water.
(d) For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and _____________ and _____________ from the soil are essential.
Answer:
(a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called crop.
(b) The first step before growing crops is preparation of the soil.
(c) Damaged seeds would float on top of water.
(d) For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and water and nutrients from the soil are essential.
Q2. Match items in column A with those in column B.
A B
(i) Kharif crops (a) Food for cattle
(ii) Rabi crops (b) Urea and super phosphate
(iii) Chemical fertilisers (c) Animal excreta, cow dung urine and plant waste
(iv) Organic manure (d) Wheat, gram, pea
(e) Paddy and maize
Answer:
Matched items of column A with column B:
| A | B |
| (i) Kharif crops | (e) Paddy and maize |
| (ii) Rabi crops | (d) Wheat, gram, pea |
| (iii) Chemical fertilisers | (b) Urea and super phosphate |
| (iv) Organic manure | (c) Animal excreta, cow dung urine and plant waste |
Q3. Give two examples of each:
(a) Kharif crop:
Answer:
Kharif Crop : The crops which are sown in the rainy season are called kharif crops. The rainy season in India is generally from June to September. Ex: Paddy, maize, soyabean, groundnut and cotton are kharif crops.
Q3. Give two examples of each (b) Rabi crop
Answer:
Rabi Crops : The crops grown in the winter season (October to March) are called rabi crops. Examples of rabi crops are wheat, gram, pea, mustard and linseed.
Q4 . Write a paragraph in your own words on-
(a)Preparation of soil
Answer:
Preparation of soil is the most important and first step before a crop is grown. The soil is prepared for sowing the seeds of the crop by ploughing, levelling and manuring.
Ploughing- The process of loosening and tiling the soil is called ploughing. It is done with the help of ploughs. It is done to make the soil loose and well aerated for the roots to go deep and get proper air for breathing. The loosened soil helps in the growth of earthworms and microbes present in the soil. These organisms further turn and loosen the soil and add humus to it. In this way, various nutrients in the dead organisms are released back into the soil. These nutrients are again absorbed by plants.
Levelling- The ploughed field is then levelled. It is done by pressing the soil with a wooden or iron plank. Levelling is beneficial for sowing as well as irrigation.
Q4. Write a paragraph in your own words on-
(b) Sowing
Answer:
When the soil has been fully prepared, the seeds of a crop are ready to be sown. Before sowing, good quality, clean and healthy seeds of a good variety-are selected. The process of scattering seeds in the field for growing a crop is called sowing.
There are two methods of sowing the seeds in the soil:
(i) Broadcasting - In this method, seeds are sown by hand since regular interval is not maintained.
(ii) Seed drilling- In this method, an iron drill is used to sow the seeds. It is made up of iron tube having a funnel at the top. Seed drill helps in sowing the seeds at regular intervals.
Q4. Write a paragraph in your own words on
(c)Weeding
Answer:
The removal of unwanted plants growing along with a desired crop from the field is called weeding. The growth of weeds in the field is harmful because they consume lot of fertilizers, water, sunlight and space and reduces the crop yield. Some weeds interfere even in harvesting and may be poisonous for animals and human beings.
Weeding is done manually or with the help of a harrow. Weeds are also destroyed by using weedicides like 2,4- D. These are sprayed in the fields to kill the weeds. They do not damage the crops. Weeds can also be controlled by biological methods.
Q4. Write a paragraph in your own words on-
(d)Threshing
Answer:
The cutting and gathering of food crop after its maturation is called maturation. The process of beating out grains from the harvested crop plant is called threshing. This is carried out with the help of a machine called ‘combine’ which is, in fact, a harvester as well as a thresher.
Farmers with small holdings of land do the separation of grain and chaff by winnowing
Q5. Explain how fertilizers are different from manure.
Answer:
Fertilizers are different from manures in the following ways:
| Fertilizers | Manure |
| Fertilizers are made from chemicals or inorganic substances. | Manure is a natural substance that is made from natural resources like animal waste, cattle dung and plant residues. |
| Fertilizers are generally more expenisve. | Manure are less expensive and easily available. |
| Fertilizers do not provide any humus to the soil. | Manure provides a lot of humus to the soil. |
| Fertilizers are very rich in plant nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. | Manure is relatively less rich in plant nutrients. |
| It can cause pollution if used in large amount. | These are eco-friendly and improves soil health. |
Q6. What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water.
Answer:
The process of supplying water to crops plants in the fields by means of well, tube well etc., is known as irrigation. There are 2 methods by which the irrigation can be done:
(i) Sprinkler irrigation is a method where water is sprayed over crops in the form of droplets. The system consists of a series of pipes connected to a pump that push water to nozzles that are placed above the crops. It is useful for a variety of crops, including fruits, vegetables, and grains.
(ii) Drip irrigation is a highly efficient watering method where water is passed directly to the roots of plants in small amounts. It is mostly used in places where water is present in less amount as water is not wasted at all.
Q7. If wheat is sown in the kharif season, what would happen? Discuss.
Answer:
If wheat is sown in Kharif season it would face many challenges, as wheat is usually grown in Rabi season. Wheat requires cooler temperatures between 10°C -15°C, which are not found during the Kharif season. The high temperatures, irregular rain could lead to poor germination, reduced yield and poor quality.
Q8. Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous plantation of crops in a field.
Answer:
Continuous planting of crops in the soil leads to the depletion of important nutrients which are helpful for the proper growth and functioning of the plants, reducing its fertility with time and also the crop yield.
Q9. What are weeds? How can we control them?
Answer:
Weeds are the unwanted plants that are gown along with the crop in a field and the removal of these undesirable plants from the field is known as weeding. There are various methods by which we can control them:
(i) Weeding can be done manually by using harrow or khurpi.
(ii) Chemical like weedicides is sprayed in the fields to control the weeds such as 2,4-D.
(iii) It can be controlled by biological methods also. Some insects are put into the field which destroy the weeds.
Q10. Arrange the following boxes in proper order to make a flow chart of sugarcane crop production.
Answer:
Flow chart of sugarcane crop production arranged boxes shown below:
Q11. Complete the following word puzzle with the help of clues given below.
Down
1. Providing water to the crops.
2. Keeping crop grains for a long time under proper conditions.
5. Certain plants of the same kind grown on a large scale.
Across
3. A machine used for cutting the matured crop.
4. A rabi crop that is also one of the pulses.
6. A process of separating the grain from chaff.
Answer:
Given below is solved puzzle:
Also, Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here
Class 8 Science Chapter 1 question answer consists of a total of eleven questions, mixed with matching, fill in the blanks, and subjective types of questions. These questions are designed to test the student's understanding of the fundamental concepts of science. The Ch 1 Science Class 8 solutions are prepared by subject matter experts of Careers360 in easy-to-understand language, making it easier for students to grasp the concepts. These are available in the PDF format, which can be downloaded and used by students according to their convenience.
How to solve NCERT Class 8 Chapter 1 questions effectively?
To answer Crop Production and Management questions, simply apply the following steps:
- Read the chapter slowly to learn how crops are cultivated and nurtured.
- Write small notes on key points such as crop types, watering, and fertilizers.
- Practice the questions in the textbook to familiarize yourself with the type of answers required.
- Study the pictures and diagrams since they aid in explaining the process of farming.
- Use easy examples such as wheat and rice to provide clear explanations of your answers.
NCERT Solutions For Class 8: Subject-wise
Important Topics in NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1
Important topics in Crop Production and Management are listed below:
Section | Topic Name |
1 | Crop Production and Management |
| 1.1 | Agricultural Practices: Kharif and Rabi Crops |
| 1.2 | Basic Practices of Crop Production |
| 1.3 | Preparation of Soil |
| 1.4 | Sowing: Selection of Seeds |
| 1.5 | Adding Manure and Fertilizers |
| 1.6 | Irrigation: Traditional and Modern Methods |
| 1.7 | Protection from Weeds |
| 1.8 | Harvesting |
| 1.9 | Storage |
| 1.10 | Food from Animals |
Agricultural Practices
Crops are cultivated plants grown for food, fiber, or other agricultural purposes, essential for human survival and economic activities. Crops are mainly of two types:
Kharif Crops- These crops are sown during the monsoon season (June to September) and require warm temperatures and abundant rainfall, such as rice, maize, and cotton.
Rabi crops- Rabi crops are sown in the winter season (October to March) and grow best in cooler temperatures, with crops like wheat, barley, and mustard.
Basic Practices of Crop Production in Chapter 1 Class 8 Science Solutions
The basic practices of crop production include soil preparation (plowing and tilling), sowing seeds, proper irrigation, applying fertilizers, controlling weeds and pests, and harvesting the crops at the right time to ensure maximum yield.
Soil preparation
It involves plowing and tilling to loosen the soil and improve aeration for better root growth.
Plowing: The soil is turned over using a plow to break up hard soil, making it loose and easier for plant breeds to grow.
Tilling: After plowing, the soil is further broken down into fine particles, creating a smooth, even surface for planting seeds.
Leveling: The soil surface is leveled to ensure uniform water distribution and prevent water logging.
Adding Organic Matter: Organic materials like compost or manure are added to improve soil fertility and provide essential nutrients for plant growth.
Sowing seeds
It ensures proper planting depth and spacing for healthy crop growth.
Choosing the Right Seeds: It's important to select healthy, high-quality seeds that are suitable for the climate and soil.
Planting Depth: Seeds should be planted at the right depth in the soil, not too deep or shallow, to ensure proper germination.
Spacing: Seeds must be spaced properly to allow enough room for each plant to grow without overcrowding.
Watering: After sowing, the soil should be watered gently to keep it moist, which helps the seeds sprout and grow into healthy plants.
Irrigation
Irrigation provides adequate water for crops, especially in dry conditions.
Drip Irrigation: Water is delivered directly to the plant roots through a network of pipes , making it highly water-efficient and reducing evaporation and runoff.
Sprinkler Irrigation: Water is sprayed over crops in the form of droplets, just like rainfall. This method is useful as it ensures uniform water irrigation across the field.
Protection from Weeds
- Weeds are unwanted plants that grow alongside crops and compete for resources like water, nutrients, and sunlight, often reducing crop growth.
- They can spread quickly and reduce agricultural productivity if not controlled.
- Weeding involves the removal or control of these weeds to prevent them from damaging crops.
- Farmers use various methods, such as manual weeding, chemical herbicides, to keep weeds in check and ensure that crops have nutrients they need to survive.
Harvesting
- Harvesting is the process of gathering mature crops from the fields once they are ready for consumption or sale.
- It is done at the right time when crops have reached their full growth and nutritional value.
- Harvesting can be done manually with tools like sickles or by using machines for large-scale crops.
- After harvesting, crops are often cleaned and stored properly to prevent spoilage and maintain quality.
Food from Animals
- Food from animals includes a variety of products that are sourced from livestock, poultry, and other animals.
- Common animal-based foods include meat, milk, eggs, and honey, which are rich in proteins, vitamins, and essential nutrients.
- These animal products play an important role in human diets and provide energy and nourishment.
- Proper care and management of animals are essential to ensure safe, healthy food production for human consumption.
Practice Questions from Chapter 1
Some questions from Crop Production and Management are given below:
1. Crops planted during the rainy season are referred to as:
a) Rabi crops
b) Seasonal crops
c) Monsoon crops
d) Kharif crops
Answer: d) Kharif crops
2. Rabi crops are planted in which season?
a) Summer
b) Spring
c) Winter
d) Rainy
Answer: c) Winter
3. Which machine is utilized to sow seeds today?
a) Seed Tractor
b) Seed Drill
c) Seed Tiller
d) Seed Plough
Answer: b) Seed Drill
4. The method of extracting grain seeds from chaff is referred to as:
a) Threshing
b) Seeding
c) Ploughing
d) Weeding
Answer: a) Threshing
5. Rhizobium bacteria capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen are present in nodules developed on:
a) Leguminous plant roots
b) Leguminous plant leaves
c) Leguminous plant stem
d) All the above
Answer: a) Leguminous plant roots
Going through the NCERT Solutions for Class 8 line by line will boost the knowledge about the processes and practices that are made before crops are grown. It includes preparing the soil with different methods, sowing of seeds, irrigation and harvesting processes in detail with easy language. Knowing these methods can help in increasing the yield of a crop, its nutritional and nutrients of the soil. After crops are grown, weeds and the process of weeding is also very necessary which is also explained by experienced subject matter experts. Class 8 Science Chapter 1 question answer will help you to score good marks in your school exam and ease your learning.
NCERT Solutions For Class 8th Science: Chapter-Wise
Chapter-wise links for Class 8 Science are given below:
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What are the different types of crops grown in India?
In India, crops are mainly of two types:
1. Kharif Crops – These are grown in the rainy season (June to September) and need more water. Examples include rice, maize, and cotton.
2. Rabi Crops – These are grown in the winter season (October to March) and need less water. Examples include wheat, mustard, and peas.
2. Why is soil preparation important in agriculture?
Soil preparation is important in agriculture because it helps crops grow well. It involves three main steps: ploughing, leveling, and manuring.
Ploughing loosens the soil, making it easier for roots to grow and absorb nutrients.
Leveling smooths the soil surface and prevents excess water loss.
Manuring adds nutrients to make the soil fertile. Proper soil preparation ensures healthy plant growth and better crop production.
3. What are the various methods of irrigation?
There are different methods of irrigation used to supply water to crops. Two important modern methods are:
1. Sprinkler Irrigation – Water is sprayed over crops like rain using rotating nozzles. It is useful for uneven land and saves water.
2. Drip Irrigation – Water is given drop by drop directly to the roots of plants through pipes. It prevents water wastage and is ideal for dry areas.
4. What is the difference between kharif and rabi crops?
Kharif and Rabi crops are grown in different seasons. Kharif crops are sown in the rainy season (June to September) and need a lot of water. Examples include rice, maize, and cotton.
Rabi crops are grown in the winter season (October to March) and require less water. Examples include wheat, mustard, and peas.
5. How does manure improve soil fertility?
Manure improves soil fertility by adding organic matter and essential nutrients. It is made from natural waste like animal dung and plant remains. Manure improves soil texture, helps retain water, and makes the soil rich in nutrients. It also increases the number of useful microbes in the soil, which help plants grow better. Manure are eco-friendly and does not harm the environment.
6. What are the advantages of using fertilizers?
Fertilizers help plants grow better by providing important nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. They make the soil more fertile and increase crop production. Fertilizers help crops grow faster and healthier, leading to higher yields. They are easy to use and give quick results. However, using them in the right amount is important to avoid harming the soil and environment.
7. What are the different types of irrigation systems?
There are different types of irrigation systems used to supply water to crops.
Traditional methods include pulley system, chain pump.
Modern methods include sprinkler system, where water is sprayed like rain, and drip irrigation, which provides water directly to plant roots in small drops, saving water. These methods help in better water use and improve crop growth.
8. Why is weeding necessary?
Weeding is necessary because weeds compete with crops for water, sunlight, and nutrients, which can reduce crop growth and yield. Weeds can also attract pests and diseases that harm plants. Removing weeds helps crops grow better and produce more food. Farmers use tools, machines, or chemicals to remove weeds and keep their fields clean. This ensures healthy and strong crops.
9. How do farmers protect crops from pests?
Farmers protect crops from pests using different methods. They use natural methods like crop rotation and biological control, where helpful insects eat harmful pests. They also use chemical pesticides to kill pests, but in controlled amounts to avoid harming the environment. Modern techniques, such as pest-resistant crops and traps, also help in pest control. These methods ensure healthy crops and better yields.
10. What are the different ways of harvesting crops?
Crops can be harvested in the following ways:
1. Manual Harvesting – Farmers use a sickle (a sharp tool) to cut crops by hand. This method is common for small farms.
2. Mechanical Harvesting – Machines like harvesters and combine harvesters are used to cut and separate grains quickly, saving time and labor.
3. Threshing – After harvesting, threshing is done to separate grains from stalks. It can be done manually by beating or using a threshing machine.
4. Winnowing – This process helps remove husk and other unwanted particles from grains by using wind or air.
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