CBSE Class 11 Biology Lab Manual 2026 – Download Experiments, Spotting & PDF

Download CBSE 11th Biology Lab Manual 2026

Each experiment includes components such as principle, requirements, procedure, precautions, observations, discussion, and questions for deeper understanding. NCERT. Students can download the manual from NCERT’s site under “Laboratory Manuals- Class XI.

Download CBSE 11th Experiment PDF from Here

Download CBSE 11th Biology Lab Manual 2026: Experiment Wise

CBSE Class 11 Biology Lab Manual Experiments (Part A)

The major CBSE Class 11 biology experiments focus on testing physiological processes and examining structural details. These include:

• Study of Flowering Plants: Description and dissection of common flowering plants, focusing on floral whorls, anthers, ovaries, root, stem, and leaf types (from families like Solanaceae, Fabaceae, or Liliaceae).

• Plant Anatomy: Preparation and study of transverse sections (T.S.) of dicot and monocot roots and stems (primary).

• Physiological Experiments:

  • Study of osmosis using a potato osmometer.

  • Study of plasmolysis in epidermal peels (e.g., Rhoeo leaf).

  • Study of the distribution of stomata on the upper and lower surfaces of leaves.

  • Comparative study of the rate of transpiration in the upper and lower surfaces of leaves.

  • Separation of plant pigments through paper chromatography.

  • Study of the rate of respiration in flower buds/leaf tissue and germinating seeds.

• Biochemical Tests:

  • Tests for the presence of sugar, starch, proteins, and fats in suitable plant and animal materials.

• Human Physiology Tests (Urine Analysis):

  • Tests for the presence of urea, sugar, albumin, and bile salts in urine.

CBSE Class 11 Biology Lab Manual Experiments Spotting (Part B)

Spotting involves identifying and commenting on various specimens, permanent slides, and models. This section covers:

• Microscopy: Study of the parts of a compound microscope.

• Diversity of Life (Specimens/Slides/Models):

  • Identification and features of microorganisms and lower plant groups (e.g., Bacteria, Oscillatoria, Spirogyra, Rhizopus, mushroom, yeast, liverwort, moss, fern, pine).

  • Identification and features of animals (e.g., Amoeba, Hydra, liver fluke, Ascaris, leech, earthworm, prawn, silkworm, honeybee, snail, starfish, shark, frog, lizard, pigeon, and rabbit).

• Cell Division: Study of Mitosis in onion root tip cells from permanent slides.

• Plant Structural Features: Different types of inflorescence (cymose and racemose).

• Human Anatomy: Human skeleton and different types of joints (often using virtual images or models).

Example 1: CBSE Class 11 Biology Experiments

Aim: To study the reproductive parts of commonly available flowers

Principle: The male reproductive parts of a flower are the stamens, collectively called the androecium, and the female reproductive parts are the carpels/pistils called the gynoecium. The individual units of stamen consist of a filament, which supports the anther lobes. Gynoecium consists of the stigma, style and ovary. Many variations are found in different characteristics of both the stamens and carpels. We shall try to study these variations in the reproductive parts of flowers in the exercise.

Requirement: Commonly available flowers, needles, forceps, razor/scalpel blade, brush, slides, cover slip, watch glass, magnifying lens, dissecting microscope, compound microscope, etc.

Procedure

(i) Familiarise with the terms to describe the reproductive parts of flowers given in annexures of Exercise No. 11 of Laboratory Manual: Biology (Class XI) and at the end of this experiment.

(ii) Observe the flower with the naked eye, hand lens or under a dissecting microscope. Study their reproductive parts and count the number of stamens, and record their cohesive and adhesive features.

(iii) Cut L.S. of the flower and place it on a slide to observe the following characters: (a) Placement of anthers, (b) Position of the ovary: epigynous/perigynous/hypogynous.

(iv) Mount one stamen on a slide and study the following characters: (a) Attachment of filament to anther, (b) Dehiscence pattern of the anther lobes for discharge of pollen.

(v) Cut the T.S. of anther lobe to observe the number of pollen sacs.

(vi) Mount the pistil on a slide and study the style, stigma and ovary. Record the number of stigmas and the nature of the pistil.

(vii) Cut T.S. of the ovary, mount it on a slide and observe

(a) Number of locules in the ovary

(b) Type of placentation

(c) Number of ovules per locule

(viii) Draw labelled figures of your preparation and observations.

Example 2: CBSE Class 11 Biology Experiments

Aim: To calculate the percentage of pollen germination

Principle: In nature, pollen grains germinate on the compatible stigmas of the carpel. Pollen grains can also be induced to germinate in a synthetic medium. During germination, the intine (inner wall) of the pollen grain emerges as a pollen tube through one of the germ pores in the exine (outer wall).

Requirement: Calcium nitrate, boric acid, sucrose, distilled water, petri dish, slides, coverslips, brush, needle, microscope, and mature pollen grains of Tradescantia/balsam/ Jasmine/lily/pomegranate/grass/Vinca/China rose/Petunia.

Procedure

(i) Prepare the pollen germination medium by dissolving 10g sucrose, 30mg calcium nitrate and 10mg boric acid in 100ml of distilled water. Alternatively, a 10% sucrose solution can also be used.

(ii) Take a drop of medium or 10% sucrose solution on a cover slip and sprinkle mature pollen grains on the drop.

(iii) Invert the cover glass onto a slide

(iv) After 10 minutes, observe the slide under the microscope.

(v) Count

(a) total number of pollen grains seen in the microscope field, and

(b) The number of pollen grains that have germinated.

Observation

Several pollen grains germinate and put forth pollen tubes. Count the total number of pollen grains and the number of germinated pollen grains in 3-5 different microscope fields. Tabulate your observations and calculate the percentage of pollen germination.

Name of the plant used as a source of pollen…………………………

Number of pollen grains in a field of the microscope = N

Number of germinated pollen grains in a field of the microscope = n

Per cent pollen germination = n/N×100 or 100n/N