UP Board Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2026 – Exam Pattern, Marking Scheme & PDF

UP Board Class 12 Physics Syllabus (Theory: 70 Marks)

The UP Board physics syllabus is structured into two parts, Section A and Section B, with each part carrying 35 marks.

Section A: Part 1 (35 Marks)

This section focuses on the principles of electricity, magnetism, and electromagnetic waves.

Unit I: Electrostatics (8 Marks)

• Electric charges and their properties

• Coulomb's Law, electric field, and electric flux

• Gauss's Theorem and its applications

• Electric potential, capacitors, and dielectrics

Unit II: Current Electricity (7 Marks)

• Electric current, Ohm's Law, and resistance

• Kirchhoff's Laws and their applications

• Wheatstone bridge and potentiometer

• Electric cells: EMF, internal resistance, and grouping of cells

Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism (8 Marks)

• Biot-Savart Law and Ampere's Circuital Law

• Force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field

• Torque on a current loop, moving coil galvanometer

• Magnetic properties of materials: dia-, para-, and ferromagnetic substances

Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current (8 Marks)

• Faraday's Laws of Electromagnetic Induction

• Lenz's Law, self-induction, and mutual induction

• Alternating currents, peak and RMS value

• LCR series circuit, resonance, and transformers

Unit V: Electromagnetic Waves (4 Marks)

• Basic idea of displacement current

• Characteristics of electromagnetic waves

• Electromagnetic spectrum and its uses

Section B: Part 2 (35 Marks)

This section covers optics and modern physics, including the dual nature of matter and electronic devices.

Unit VI: Optics (13 Marks)

• Ray Optics: Reflection, refraction, lenses, optical instruments

• Wave Optics: Huygens' Principle, interference, diffraction, and polarisation

Unit VII: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter (6 Marks)

• Photoelectric effect and Einstein's photoelectric equation

• Matter waves, de Broglie relation

Unit VIII: Atoms and Nuclei (8 Marks)

• Rutherford's model, Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom

• Radioactivity, nuclear fission, and nuclear fusion

Unit IX: Electronic Devices (8 Marks)

• Semiconductors, p-n junction diode, and rectifiers

• Zener diode, photodiode, and LED

• Transistors (npn and pnp)

• Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR)

UP Board Class 12 Physics Practical Syllabus: 30 Marks

The UP Board practical exam carries 30 marks and includes two experiments (one from each section of the theory syllabus), a viva voce, and a project file. The practical component is structured as follows:

• External Experiments (any two): 10 marks

• Viva Based on Experiments: 5 marks

• Internal Practical Record: 4 marks

• Project Work & Viva: 8 marks

• Additional Assignments: 3 marks

Experiments of UP Board 12th Physics Practical Exam

In schools designated as practical examination centres, the teacher or principal serving as the internal examiner will award 50% of the marks, while the remaining 50% will be allocated by the external examiner appointed for the practical evaluation. Students can check the list of UP Class 12physics experiments which will be asked in the examination.

• To find the refractive index of a glass slab through a moving microscope.

• To find the refractive index of a liquid by using a plane mirror and a convex lens.

• In the case of a concave mirror, find the focal length of a concave mirror by finding the value of λ for different values of.

• Verification of Ohm's law by ammeter and voltmeter, and the specific resistance of the material of the wire

• make known.

• To find the focal length of a convex mirror using a convex lens.

• To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting a graph between u and v or 1/u and 1/v.

• Finding the focal length of a concave lens using a convex lens.

• For a given prism, plot a graph between the angle of incidence and the angle of deviation to find the minimum angle of deviation

• To find out and to find the refractive index of the material of the prism.

• Finding the specific resistance of a material by measuring the resistance of a given wire through a 9-meter bridge.

• To verify the rules of combination of resistors (series/parallel) using by 10-meter bridge.

• Finding the internal resistance of a cell with the help of a voltmeter and a resistance box.

• To compare the electromotive forces of two given primary cells, a potentiometer is used.

• To find the internal resistance of a primary cell given by a potentiometer.

• Finding the focal length of a convex lens by the displacement method.

• To find the resistance and efficiency of a galvanometer by the half-deflection method.

• Conversion of a given galvanometer (whose resistance and efficiency are known) into an ammeter of desired configuration

• To convert the given galvanometer into a voltmeter of the desired capacity.

• Draw the characteristics curve of a Zener diode.

• Draw the characteristic curve of an 18-pn diode and find its forward bias resistance.

• To find the reverse breakdown voltage with the help of the characteristic curve of the Zener diode

• To study the characteristics of a common-emitter pnp or npn transistor and

• To find the values of current and voltage gains.

Marks Distribution of UP Board Theory & Practical Subjects

The UP Board Class 12 Physics exam for the 2025–26 academic year is divided into a theory portion and a practical portion, totalling 100 marks. The UP Board theory exam is for 70 marks, while the practical exam is for 30 marks. Meanwhile, the practical exam’s 30 marks are distributed among various activities: external assessment with two experiments (totalling 10 marks), a viva based on experiments (5 marks), internal work including a practical record (4 marks), project work and associated viva (8 marks), and assignments (3 marks)