CBSE Class 11 Biology Syllabus 2025-26 (Latest) - Download PDF Here

Chapter No. and Name

Topics

Unit-I - Diversity of Living Organisms

The Living World

Biodiversity; Need for classification; Three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics; concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature

Biological Classification

Five kingdom classifications; Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi into major groups; Lichens, Viruses, and Viroids.

Plant Kingdom

Salient features and classification of plants into major groups - Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta,
Gymnospermae and Angiospermae (salient and distinguishing features and a few examples of each category); Angiosperms - classification up to class, characteristic features and examples.

Animal Kingdom

Salient features and classification of animals, non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to class level (salient features and distinguishing features of a few examples of each category).

(No live animals or specimens should be displayed.)

Unit-II Structural Organization in Animals and Plants

Morphology of Flowering Plants

Morphology and modifications: Morphology of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed. Description of family Solanaceae and

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Anatomy and functions of different tissues and tissue systems in dicots and monocots.

Structural Organisation in Animals

Morphology, Anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of frog

Unit-III Cell: Structure and Function

Cell-The Unit of Life

Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life, structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant cell and animal cell; cell envelope; cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles - structure and function; endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function); nucleus.

Biomolecules

Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymes- types, properties, enzyme action.

Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance

Unit-IV Plant Physiology

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways; Factors affecting photosynthesis.

Respiration in Plants

Exchange of gases; cellular respiration - glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations - number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient.

Plant - Growth and Development

Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; conditions of growth; differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; sequence of developmental processes in a plant cell; growth regulators - auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA

Unit-V Human Physiology

Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans - exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration, respiratory volume; disorders related to respiration - asthma, emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders.

Body Fluids and Circulation

Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its function; human circulatory system - Structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system - hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure.

Excretory Products and their Elimination

Modes of excretion - ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system – structure and function; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function - renin-angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion; disorders - uremia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney, kidney transplant.

Locomotion and Movement

Types of movement - ciliary, flagellar, muscular; skeletal muscle, contractile proteins and muscle contraction; skeletal system and its functions; joints; disorders of muscular and skeletal systems - myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout.

Neural Control and Coordination

Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans - central nervous system; peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse

Chemical Coordination and Integration

Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system - hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea); role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo - and hyperactivity and related disorders; dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison's disease. Note: Diseases related to all the human physiological systems are to be taught in brief.

Unit

Marks

Diversity of Living Organisms

15

Structural Organization in Plants and Animals

10

Cell: Structure and Function

15

Plant Physiology

12

Human Physiology

18

Total

70

Particulars

Marks

One Major Experiment Part A (Experiment No- 1,3,7,8)

5

One Minor Experiment Part A (Experiment No- 6,9,10,11,12,13)

4

Slide Preparation Part A (Experiment No- 2,4,5)

5

Spotting Part B

7

Practical Record + Viva Voce

4

Project Record + Viva Voce

5

Total

30