Bihar Board Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26 Out – Marking Scheme, Chapter-wise PDF

Electrostatics

Electric charges and their conservation, Coulomb’s law, force between point charges, forces between multiple charges, superposition principle and continuous charge distribution, electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric flux, statement of Gauss’s theorem and its applications to find the field due to an infinitely long straight wire.

Current electricity

Electric current flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity and mobility, and their relation with electric current, ohms law, electric resistance, characteristics, electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors, series & parallel combinations of resistors, temperature dependence of resistance, internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, Krichoff’s laws and simple applications, wheatstone bridge, meter bridge.

Magnetic effects of current and magnetism

Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and toroidal solenoids, force on a moving charge in a uniform magnetic field, force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force between two parallel current-carrying conductors, torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid.

Electromagnetic induction and alternating currents

Electromagnetic induction, Faraday’s law, induced emf and current, Lenz’s law, Eddy currents, self and mutual inductance, need for displacement current, alternating currents, peak and rms value of AC/voltage, reactance and impedance, LC, oscillations, LCR series circuit.

Electromagnetic waves

Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics, transverse nature of electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic spectrum/radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma-rays, including elementary facts about their uses.

Optics

Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light, total internal reflection and its application, optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker’s formula, magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lens in contact, refraction and dispersion of light through a prism, scattering of light, optical instruments, and wave optics

Dual nature of matter and radiation

Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations, Einstein’s photoelectric equation, particle nature of light

Atoms and nuclei

Alpha particle scattering experiments, Rutherford model of atom, Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum, composition and size of nucleus, atomic mass, isotopes, radioactivity,

Electronic devices

Semiconductors, semiconductor diodes, characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier, characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell, and zener diode as a voltage regulator, junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of transistor,

Communication system

Elements of the communication system, bandwidth of signals, bandwidth of transmission, medium propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere, sky, and space wave propagation, need for modulation, production and detection of an amplitude-modulated wave.

Unit I

Electrostatics

08

Unit II

Current electricity

07

Unit III

Magnetic effects of current and magnetism

08

Unit IV

Electromagnetic induction and alternating currents

08

Unit V

Electromagnetic waves

03

Unit VI

Optics

14

Unit VII

Dual nature of matter and radiation

04

Unit VIII

Atoms and nuclei

06

Unit IX

Electronic devices

07

Unit X

Communication system

05

Total

70

To determine the resistance per cm of a given wire by plotting a graph of potential difference versus current

To find the value of v for different values of u in the case of a concave mirror, and to find the focal length.

To find the resistance of a given wire using a meter bridge, and hence determine the specific resistance of its material

To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between x and v.

To verify the laws of combination of resistances using a meter bridge

To find the focal length of a convex mirror using a convex lens

To compare the emf’s of two given primary cells using a potentiometer

To find the focal length of a concave mirror using a concave lens

To determine the internal resistance of a given primary cell using a potentiometer.

To determine the angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between the angle of incidence and the angle of deviation

To determine the resistance of a galvanometer by the half-deflection method and to find its figure of merit.

To determine the refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope

To convert the given galvanometer into an ammeter and voltmeter of the desired range, and to verify the same.

To find the refractive index of a liquid using by concave mirror, a convex lens, and a plane mirror

To find the frequency of the AC mains with a sonometer

To draw the I-V characteristics curves of a p-n junction in forward bias and reverse bias

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To draw the characteristic curve of a Zener diode and to determine its reverse breakdown voltage.

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To study the characteristics of a common emitter npn or pnp transistor, and to find out the values of the current of such items.

To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without an iron core

To investigate whether the energy of a simple pendulum

To measure the resistance, voltage (AC/DC), and current (AC), and to check the continuity of a given circuit using a multimeter.

To determine the radius of gyration about the centre of mass of a meter scale used as a bar pendulum

To assemble a household circuit comprising three switches, a fuse, and a power source.

To investigate changes in the velocity of a body due to the action of a constant force and determine it

To assemble the components of a given electric circuit.

To compare the effectiveness of different materials as insulators of heat

To study the variation in potential drop with the length of a wire for a steady current

To determine the wavelength of the later beam by diffraction.

To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper order, and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.

To study various factors on which the internal resistance/emf of a cell depends

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To construct a time switch and study the dependence of its time constant on various factors

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To study the infrared radiation emitted by different sources using a photo-transistor

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To compare the effectiveness of different materials as absorbers of sound

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To design an automatic traffic signal system using a suitable combination of logic gates

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To study the luminosity of various electric lamps of different powers and make

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To compare the Young’s modulus of elasticity of different specimens of rubber, and also draw their elastic hysteresis curve

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To study the collision of two balls in two dimensions

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To study the frequency response of a resistor, an inductor and a capacitor, the RL circuit, the RC circuit, and the LCR series circuit.