Maharashtra 12th HSC Physics Question Paper with Solution: Download PDF

Preparing for the Maharashtra Board Class 12 Physics exam requires a thorough understanding of the subject and consistent practice. Therefore, one of the most preferred canter techniques is to solve the previous year's question papers of class 12 Maharashtra board exam. This not only gets the students acclimatized with the format of the exam as well as the kind of questions that are deemed fit to be asked but also assists in the identification of areas of strength and weakness.

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This Story also Contains

1. Maharashtra State Board 12th Physics Previous Year Question Papers Trends
2. Maharashtra Class 12 Physics Difficulty Level Trends
3. Maharashtra Class 12 Physics Question Paper with Complete Solution
4. Benefits of Practicing the Maharashtra 12th Board Physics Question Papers

In this article, we have provided the question papers of the last three years for the Maharashtra Board Class 12 Physics examination with detailed solutions. The solutions to each question paper are created by subject experts of careers360. As a result, these papers help the students in managing time, increase accuracy in their tests, and gain confidence when handling their tests. The resource can be used as the final check before the examination in order to help the students to be ample for the target grade in the Physics exam.

Maharashtra State Board 12th Physics Previous Year Question Papers Trends

Physics for the 12th standard in the Maharashtra State Board is a core subject through which many fields of education in engineering, medicine, and natural sciences are built. It implies that by studying the previous years’ question papers, the students can get adequate insights into the emerging trends and areas of focus in the curriculum.

Trends in Topics Covered

• 2024: The final paper in 2024 brought back the balanced mixture, although questions related to transformer, electromagnetism and waves remained predominantly featured in the test. There were some practical-based and few experiment-based questions in the paper possibly to use application-based learning which is a modern trend in education and this is one of the best steps of the Maharashtra board towards application-based learning.

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• 2023: It is quite expected too, as the 2023 paper saw a slight shift in questions, but still, the maximum number of questions is associated with mechanics and thermodynamics. This also entailed specific questions on aspects such as rotational motion, thermodynamics, and heat engines and may be due to its shift to resemble the entrance examinations within fields of engineering.

• 2022: This question paper has also paid a lot of attention to modern physics in 2022 and the topics which were tested were thermodynamics, semiconductors, equilibrium and communication systems. Many of the questions were numerical based on the electric circuits and optics which also stresses applying Physics rather than understanding it.

Maharashtra Class 12 Physics Difficulty Level Trends

Over the last three years, there has been a noticeable increase in the complexity and integration of concepts within the questions:

• Integration of Concepts: Recent exam papers require students to use multiple concepts to solve a single problem, promoting interdisciplinary thinking.

• Numerical Problems: The analysis of the exams shows a gradual increase in the number and difficulty of numerical questions. This trend demands a more refined problem-solving aptitude and stronger numerical abilities from students.

• Practical Application Questions: The Maharashtra Board is placing greater emphasis on real-life applications. Inspired by a global shift towards applicative knowledge, recent papers include more scenarios and cases based on the practical use of physics theories in real-life situations.

Maharashtra Class 12 Physics Question Paper with Complete Solution

In this section, you will find some of the Previous Year Questions (PYQ) with complete solutions. Students can also download the complete set of questions with answers by clicking on the link below.

Q1. Why is detergent powder mixed with water to wash clothes?

Solution: Detergent powder is mixed with water to wash clothes primarily because detergents are designed to remove dirt, oils, and organic compounds from fabrics effectively. Here are the key reasons why detergents are used in water for cleaning clothes:

1. Surfactant Action: Detergents contain surfactants, which reduce the surface tension of water. This allows the water to spread and penetrate more effectively into the fabrics of the clothes. Surfactants also help to lift soil and grease from fabric surfaces, which can then be rinsed away with water.
2. Emulsification: Detergents help in emulsifying the grease or oil particles, meaning they break down the oils into smaller droplets and suspend them in water. This prevents the grease from re-depositing onto the clothes, allowing them to be washed away.
3. Chemical Action: Detergents chemically react with soil and stains, breaking them down into smaller, more soluble substances that can be removed during the washing process.
4. Temperature Efficacy: Detergents are formulated to work effectively across a range of temperatures, providing flexibility in washing conditions, from cold washes to hot washes.
5. Water Hardness Management: Detergents often contain ingredients that soften water (by binding to calcium and magnesium ions), which increases the cleaning effectiveness since hard water can hinder the cleaning power of detergents.

In essence, mixing detergent with water creates a Solution that can effectively interact with fabric to remove dirt, stains, and odours, resulting in clean and fresh-smelling clothes.

Q2. Obtain the differential equation of linear simple harmonic motion.

Solution: The differential equation for linear simple harmonic motion (SHM) can be derived by considering the forces acting on a system that obeys Hooke's Law, which states that the force exerted by a spring is proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium position and acts in the opposite direction.

Step-by-Step Derivation:

1. Force and Hooke's Law: For a mass m attached to a spring with spring constant k, the restoring force F exerted by the spring when displaced x meters from its equilibrium position is:
   F=−kx
2. Newton's Second Law: According to Newton's second law of motion, the force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration a, or: F=ma

Q3. Define the photoelectric effect and explain the experimental set-up of the photoelectric effect.

Solution: Definition of the Photoelectric Effect:

The photoelectric effect is the phenomenon where electrons are emitted from the surface of a material (usually a metal) when it absorbs electromagnetic radiation (such as light). The emitted electrons are known as photoelectrons. This effect demonstrates the particle nature of light, as it shows that light can transfer energy in discrete packets called photons.

Experimental Setup of the Photoelectric Effect

The typical experimental setup to observe the photoelectric effect involves the following components:

1. Light Source: A monochromatic light source (like a mercury vapour lamp) is used to emit light of a specific wavelength or frequency. The light can be directed and focused onto the surface of the material.
2. Metal Surface (Photocathode): The light is shined onto a clean metal surface, usually within a vacuum tube to prevent interference from air molecules. Commonly used metals include zinc, potassium, and caesium, which have low work functions (the minimum energy needed to emit an electron).
3. Electron Detector (Anode): Positioned opposite the metal surface, the anode collects the emitted photoelectrons. The anode is part of an electric circuit that allows the measurement of the photoelectric current.
4. Vacuum Tube: The entire setup is enclosed in a vacuum tube to avoid the scattering of emitted electrons by air molecules.
5. Ammeter: Connected in the circuit to measure the current produced by the emitted electrons.
6. Voltage Source: A variable voltage source is connected between the photocathode and the anode. It can apply a stopping potential (negative voltage) to stop the electrons from reaching the anode, which helps in measuring the kinetic energy of the emitted electrons.

Process

1. When light of sufficient frequency shines on the metal surface, it transfers energy to the electrons.
2. If the energy of the photons is greater than the work function of the metal, electrons are emitted from the surface.
3. These emitted electrons are attracted to the positively charged anode, creating a current that can be measured by the ammeter.

By varying the frequency of the incident light and the stopping potential, one can study the relationship between the kinetic energy of the emitted electrons and the frequency of the incident light, verifying the equation given by

Q4. Distinguish between free vibrations and forced vibrations (Two points).

Solution: The difference between the free and forced vibration is tabulated below:

Q5. What is a rectifier? With the help of a neat circuit diagram. explain the working of a half-wave rectifier.

Solution: A device which converts A.C. to D.C. is called a rectifier. In this case, output exists only for half a cycle. Hence it is called a half-wave rectifier. Construction: The circuit diagram of a half-wave rectifier using a junction diode is shown in Fig. The alternating voltage source is connected to the primary coil of a transformer. The secondary coil is connected to the diode in series with a resistance RL called the load resistance.

T=Transformer
D=Diode
V0=output voltage
v1=input voltage
RL=load resistance

Working: In first cycle of input voltage, the anode of the diode is positive potential w.r.t. cathode. Hence the diode is forward-biased. Hence it conducts current. The current flows through load resistance giving voltage drop iRL.

This voltage drop is called output voltage. During the next half cycle, the anode of the diode is in negative potential w.r.t. Hence it is reversed-biased. Hence it does not conduct the current. Hence current does not flow through load resistance giving no P.D. across it. Hence output voltage is unidirectional. It is called D.C.

In addition to these five questions, you can download the complete set of the last three years' questions with solutions by clicking on the link below.

You can download the complete PDF here - Maharashtra HSC Physics Previous Year Question Paper with Solutions

Benefits of Practicing the Maharashtra 12th Board Physics Question Papers

• Practicing past question papers helps students understand the layout and typical question types
• It enhanced Problem-Solving Skills
• Enhancing their ability to complete the exam within the allotted time.
• Making them more comfortable and prepared when facing the actual exam.

Conclusion

Physics is a subject that gives a curiosity while reading. Preparing for the Maharashtra Class 12 Physics exam requires a strategic approach, involving a clear understanding of the exam pattern, thorough practice of previous years' questions, and focus on important topics.

Mark important topics such as Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction, Optics, as well as Modern Physics. Mock tests and solving previous years’ question papers may help to get oneself acquainted with the pattern of the examination and time management.