How to Prepare for Maharashtra HSC Physics to Score Good Marks 2026: Important Questions and Concepts

How to Prepare for Maharashtra HSC Physics to Score Good Marks 2026: Important Questions and Concepts

Ongoing Event

Maharashtra HSC Board Application Date:01 Aug' 25 - 31 Oct' 25

Team Careers360Updated on 24 Oct 2025, 01:35 PM IST

Physics is the branch of science that focuses on exploring the fundamental principles on which the universe is built. It deals with the actions and behaviour of matter, energy and the forces that influence them. In the Maharashtra Board final year, particularly in Class 12, the physics syllabus becomes more interesting for the students, as it incorporates both the conventional and complex concepts. Students appearing for the Maharashtra board 12th Physics exam are always advised to complete the syllabus at least 2 months before the exam, solve previous years' question papers, analyse the marking scheme and exam pattern, etc. Because with the right preparation strategy and regular practice, it gets easier for the students to understand the concept of Physics better and perform well in the board examination. In this article, students get to take a closer look at the main preparation approach for the Class 12 Maharashtra board exam, which includes crucial concepts, preparation tactics, study recommendations, and more.
Also, check Previous Years' Maharashtra Board Class 12th Physics Question Paper

Overview of Classical and Modern Physics

This Story also Contains

  1. Understand Maharashtra Class 12 Physics Syllabus and Exam Pattern 2026
  2. Maharashtra Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2026 Overview
  3. Important Concepts Based on Maharashtra Class 12 Physics
  4. Maharashtra Class 12 Physics Important Questions
  5. Maharashtra Class 12 Physics Preparation Strategies 2026
  6. Conclusion
How to Prepare for Maharashtra HSC Physics to Score Good Marks 2026: Important Questions and Concepts
How to Prepare for Maharashtra HSC Physics

Classical physics is concerned with large physical objects, which are within the capability of the human senses. These subtopics include mechanics, which involve the movements of objects, thermodynamics, which investigates heat and temperatures and electromagnetism, which covers electric and magnetic fields, among others.

On the other hand, modern physics gives a peek into the microcosm, expounding on the occurrence at the particle’s atomic and subatomic scale. This involves quantum mechanics, which proclaims the peculiar and rather interesting characteristics of an electron, a photon and the like, and relativity, which connects space and time.

Understand Maharashtra Class 12 Physics Syllabus and Exam Pattern 2026

The first step in effective preparation is understanding the Maharashtra HSC Physics Syllabus and exam pattern. The Maharashtra Class 12 Physics exam contains both theory and practical parts.

Theory Examination

  • As per previous years' data, the question paper will include around 37 questions.
  • All the questions in the paper are compulsory; however, students will get internal choice questions.
  • The theory paper will carry 70 marks, and students will get three hours to complete the paper.
  • The main theory examination paper consists of four sections.
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Section A: Multiple-choice questions and very short answer questions of 1 mark each

Section B: Short answer questions of 2 marks each

Section C: Short answer questions of 3 marks each

Section D: Long answer questions of 4 marks each

Practical Examination

  • In the practical examination, students will have to appear for experiments, a viva voce.
  • They must carry their physics lab journal along with them on the exam day.
  • The practical exam will carry a total of 30 marks.

Maharashtra Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2026 Overview

The Maharashtra HSC physics syllabus includes the following chapters:

ChaptersSub-topics
Circular motionAngular displacement, Angular velocity and angular acceleration, Relation between linear velocity and angular velocity, Uniform circular motion, Radial acceleration, Centripetal and centrifugal forces, Banking of roads, Vertical circular motion due to Earth’s gravitation, Equation for velocity and energy at different positions of vertical circular motion. Kinematic equations for circular motion in analogous to linear motion.
GravitationNewton’s law of gravitation, Projection of satellite, Periodic time, Statement of Kepler’s laws of motion, Binding energy and escape velocity of a satellite, Weightlessness condition in orbit, Variation of ‘g’ due to altitude, latitude, depth and motion, Communication satellite and its uses.
Rotational motionDefinition of M.I., K.E. of rotating body, Rolling motion, Physical significance of M.I., Radius of gyration, Torque, Principle of parallel and perpendicular axes, M.I. of some regular shaped bodies about specific axes, Angular momentum and its conservation.
OscillationsExplanation of periodic motion, S.H.M., Differential equation of linear S.H.M., Projection of U.C.M. on any diameter, Phase of S.H.M., K.E. and P.E. in S.H.M., Composition of two S.H.M.’s having the same period and along the same line, Simple pendulum, Damped S.H.M.
ElasticityGeneral explanation of elastic property, Plasticity, Deformation, Definition of stress and strain, Hooke’s law, Poisson’s ratio, Elastic energy, Elastic constants and their relation, Determination of ‘Y’, Behaviour of metal wire under increasing load, Applications of elastic behaviour of materials.
Surface tensionSurface tension based on molecular theory, Surface energy, Surface tension, Angle of contact, Capillarity and capillary action, Effect of impurity and temperature on surface tension.
Wave motionSimple harmonic progressive waves, Reflection of transverse and longitudinal waves, Change of phase, Superposition of waves, Formation of beats, Doppler effect in sound.
Stationary wavesStudy of vibrations in a finite medium, Formation of stationary waves on a string, Study of vibrations of air columns, Free and Forced vibrations, Resonance.
Kinetic theory of gases and RadiationConcept of an ideal gas, Assumptions of kinetic theory, Mean free path, Derivation for pressure of a gas, Degrees of freedom, Derivation of Boyle’s law, Thermodynamics- Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature, 1st law of thermodynamics, 2nd law of thermodynamics, Heat engines and refrigerators, Qualitative idea of black body radiation, Wein’s displacement law, Greenhouse effect, Stefan’s law, Maxwell distribution, Law of equipartition of energy and application to Specific heat capacities of gases.
Wave theory of lightWave theory of light, Huygens’ Principle, Construction of plane and spherical wavefront, Wavefront and wave normal, Reflection at plane surface, Refraction at plane surface, Polarisation, Polaroids, Plane polarised light, Brewster’s law, Doppler effect in light.
Interference and diffractionInterference of light, Conditions for producing a steady interference pattern, Young’s experiment, Analytical treatment of interference bands, Measurement of wavelength by the biprism experiment, Diffraction due to a single slit, Rayleigh’s criterion, Resolving power of a microscope and telescope, Difference between interference and diffraction.
ElectrostaticsGauss’ theorem proof and applications, Mechanical force on unit area of a charged conductor, Energy density of a medium, Dielectrics and electric polarisation, Concept of condenser, Capacity of parallel plate condenser, Effect of dielectric on capacity, Energy of charged condenser, Condensers in series and parallel, van de Graaff generator.
Current electricityKirchhoff’s law, Wheatstone’s bridge, Meter bridge, Potentiometer.
Magnetic effects of electric currentAmpere’s law and its applications, Moving coil galvanometer, Ammeter, Voltmeter, Sensitivity of moving coil galvanometer, Cyclotron.
MagnetismCircular current loop as a magnetic dipole, Magnetic dipole moment of revolving electron, Magnetisation and magnetic intensity, Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism, Ferromagnetism based on domain theory, Curie temperature.
Electromagnetic inductionsLaws of electromagnetic induction, proof of, e = – dØ/dt Eddy currents, Self-induction and mutual induction, Need for displacement current, Transformer, Coil rotating in uniform magnetic induction, Alternating currents, Reactance and impedance, LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only) Power in a.c circuit with resistance, inductance and capacitance, Resonant circuit, Wattless current, AC generator.
Electrons and photonsPhotoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations, Einstein’s equation, Particle nature of light.
Atoms, Molecules and NucleiAlpha particle scattering experiment, Rutherford’s model of the atom. Bohr’s model, Hydrogen spectrum, Composition and size of nucleus, Radioactivity, Decay law, mass-energy relation, mass defect, B.E. per nucleon and its variation with mass number, Nuclear fission and fusion, de Broglie hypothesis, Matter waves – wave nature of particles, Wavelength of an electron, Davisson and Germer experiment, Continuous and characteristic X-rays.
SemiconductorsEnergy bands in solids, Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, P-type and N-type semiconductors, P-N junction diode, I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, Rectifiers, Zener diode as a voltage regulator, Photodiode, Solar cell, I-V characteristics of LED, Transistor action and its characteristics, Transistor as an amplifier (CE mode), Transistor as a switch, Oscillators and Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR).
Communication systemsElements of a communication system, the bandwidth of signals, the bandwidth of transmission medium, need for modulation, Production and detection of an amplitude modulated wave, space communication, Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere.

Important Concepts Based on Maharashtra Class 12 Physics

An analysis across the years indicates that several topics are essential and recur consistently, underlining their fundamental importance in the physics curriculum. Here is the list of concepts with the number of questions that came in the previous year (from 2022 - 2024):-

Concept Name

Number of Question

Photoelectric effect

6

De-broglie wavelength of an electron

4

Bohr's Model of hydrogen atom

3

Kinetic energy

3

Magnetisation and magentic intensity

3

Moving coil galvanometer

3

Simple harmonic motion

3

Young's double slit experiment -1

3

Average or Mean value

2

Cell and Emf of a cell

2

Charging of capacitor and inductor

2

Combination of capacitors

2

First law of Thermodynamics

2

Frequency, angular frequency, angular velocity, velocity gradient

2

Heat, Internal energy and Work in Thermodynamics

2

Isothermal Process

2

Magnetic Field due to circular current loop

2

Moment of inertia

2

Oscillation of Pendulum in different situations-part 1

2

Phase and phase difference

2

Potential gradient & calibration

2

Pressure of an ideal gas

2

Radius of orbit and velocity of electron

2

Root mean square (RMS) value

2

Surface tension, Surface energy

2

Terms associated with SHM

2

To identify a diode, LED, a transistor, an IC, resistor and capacitor from collection of such items

2

Toroid

2

Torque

2

Transformers

2

Viscosity

2

wave motion

2

Over the past three years, the Maharashtra State Board has focused heavily on various Physics concepts, with the Photoelectric Effect being the most tested (6 questions), followed by the De Broglie Wavelength of an Electron (4 questions). Several core topics, like Bohr's Model of the Hydrogen Atom, Kinetic Energy, Magnetisation and Magnetic Intensity, Moving Coil Galvanometer, Simple Harmonic Motion, and the Young's Double Slit Experiment, each received three questions. Other important areas, like the First Law of Thermodynamics and the Magnetic Field due to a Circular Current Loop, consistently had two questions each. This pattern highlights the board's effort to cover a wide range of topics, emphasising foundational concepts essential for higher studies.

Apart from these, there are several other important concepts in which one question has been asked, which are:

  • Electric Field
  • Energy Stored in a Capacitor
  • Force Between Two Parallel Current-Carrying Infinite Wires
  • Fresnel's Biprism
  • Line Spectra of Hydrogen Atom
  • Magnetic Field, Permeability of Free Space, Magnetic Flux, and Self-Inductance
  • Magnetic Field Due to Current in a Straight Wire
  • Mayer's Formula
  • Mean Free Path
  • Moment of Inertia of a Disc
  • n-p-n Transistor
  • Series LCR Circuit
  • Stokes' Law & Terminal Velocity
  • Voltmeter

Based on the given table, here's an approach to studying the important concepts to score better in Maharashtra State Board exams:

High Priority Concepts (3-6 Questions)

  • Photoelectric Effect (6 Questions)

understand the fundamental principles, experimental setup, and equations related to the photoelectric effect. Practice numerical problems and previous year's questions to reinforce your understanding.

Moderate Priority Concepts (2 Questions)

  • First Law of Thermodynamics, Heat, Internal Energy and Work in Thermodynamics: Focus on understanding the laws, derivations, and applications. Practice problems involving calculations of work done, heat transferred, and changes in internal energy.
  • Magnetic Field due to Circular Current Loop: Study the Biot-Savart Law, Ampere's Law, and their applications in determining magnetic fields. Practice numerical problems involving different geometries.
  • Moment of Inertia, Oscillation of Pendulum in Different Situations, Phase and Phase Difference: Understand the physical meaning and mathematical representation. Solve problems to strengthen your conceptual understanding.
  • Potential Gradient & Calibration, Pressure of an Ideal Gas, Radius of Orbit and Velocity of Electron: Study the key principles, derive important equations, and practice relevant numerical problems.

Other Important Topics (1 Question Each)

For concepts like Electric Field, Energy Stored in a Capacitor, Force Between Two Parallel currents carrying Infinite Wires, Magnetic Field, Permeability of Free Space, Magnetic Flux and Self Inductance, and Magnetic Field Due to Current in Straight Wire, focus on understanding the basic principles and derivations. Use diagrams to visualise the concepts and solve example problems.

And for concepts like Fresnel's Biprism, Line Spectra of Hydrogen Atom, Mayer's Formula, Mean Free Path, Moment of Inertia of a Disc, n-p-n Transistor, Series LCR Circuit, Stokes' Law & Terminal Velocity, Voltmeter. Study the definitions, working principles, and applications. Practice questions related to these topics to gain familiarity with their usage in problems.

Understand the fundamental principles, experimental setup, and equations related to the photoelectric effect. Practice numerical problems and previous year's questions to reinforce your understanding.

Maharashtra Class 12 Physics Important Questions

Now, in this section, we will look at some of the crucial questions that were previously asked in the Maharashtra Board class 12. You can also refer to the physics sample paper created by subject matter specialists at Careers360 for complete questions.

Q1. Write the difference between Electromagnetic Induction and AC Circuits.

Q2. Explain optical instruments and their real-life applications

Q3. Provide examples of real-life applications of concepts from Quantum Phenomena and Nuclear Physics.

Q4. An experiment on the photoelectric effect is conducted using a metal surface with a work function of 2.3 eV. Monochromatic light with a wavelength of 400 nm is shone onto the metal surface. Calculate the following:

  1. The energy of the incident photons in electron volts (eV).
  2. The maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons.
  3. The threshold wavelength for the photoelectric emission from the metal.

Also Download- Maharashtra HSC Question Papers

Maharashtra Class 12 Physics Preparation Strategies 2026

Till now, we have discussed the introduction, syllabus overview, important concepts and previous year data. Now we will move towards strategy and exam-related tips.

a) Master the Basics: Thoroughly understand fundamental standards, as these are the building blocks for superior subjects. Regularly review definitions, formulas, and standards.

b) Effective Study Materials: Utilise the prescribed Maharashtra State Board textbooks for focused instruction. Supplement with NCERT books and renowned reference books like "Concepts of Physics" with the aid of H.C. Verma.

c) Maintain a Healthy Routine: Regular exercising, balanced nutrition, and adequate sleep are important, especially in the course of examination guidance. Avoid cramming all night earlier than the examination to maintain your mind fresh.

d) Create a Structured Study Plan: Divide the syllabus into attainable sections and allocate particular times for each, making sure all subjects are covered well earlier than the examination date. Include normal breaks and revision intervals in your timetable.

e) Solve Previous Years' Papers: Practice with beyond-board examination papers and mock tests to make yourself familiar with the exam layout and query sorts. This exercise facilitates time control and identifies regions that need more attention.

d) Regular Revision: Regularly revisit subjects. This allows for long-term period retention and reduces pre-exam pressure. Create summary notes for short revisions before the examination.

Also Check: Maharashtra HSC Preparation Tips 2026

Conclusion

Thus, to prepare for the Maharashtra Class 12 Physics examination, one needs to be determined, strategic and, most importantly, equipped with the right study materials. Generally, remain focused and be consistent in your study habits and come up with a study schedule. Mark important topics such as Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction, Optics, as well as Modern Physics.

Mock tests and solving previous years’ question papers may help to get oneself acquainted with the pattern of the examination and time management. Practising the solutions affects one's self-esteem and makes one more capable of handling such problems.

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Upcoming School Exams
Ongoing Dates
Maharashtra SSC Board Application Date

1 Aug'25 - 31 Oct'25 (Online)

Ongoing Dates
Maharashtra HSC Board Application Date

1 Aug'25 - 31 Oct'25 (Online)

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Questions related to Maharashtra HSC Board

On Question asked by student community

Have a question related to Maharashtra HSC Board ?

Hello,

Yes, you can change your subject as an HSC repeater in Maharashtra Board. But it depends on the subject you want to change. If it is a compulsory subject, you cannot change it.

For optional or elective subjects, you can apply for a change through your junior college at the time of filling the exam form. It is better to confirm with your college and board office before applying.

Hope it helps !

Hi dear candidate,

If you were absent in your Class XII HSC exam in Maharashtra state due to any reason then, you have two options to reappear:

1) To enroll in the same school again and attend the classes as usual on regular basis and give exam again at the end.

2) You can also appear as a private candidate, register during when the window opens in Oct or Nov month. Register yourself at www.mahahsscboard.in (//www.mahahsscboard.in) with important documents like previous year admit card/ hall ticket, Adhaar card etc.

Know more:

Maharashtra SSC Improvement Exam 2025: Apply Online, Dates & Guidelines

BEST REGARDS

Yes, preparing for the 12th MHT-CET syllabus will also cover your board syllabus, since both are the same. For boards, focus more on textbook theory, diagrams and writing practice. For CET, practice MCQs and speed-based solving. Solving previous years’ board papers will boost your score. With proper balance, you can easily aim for 90%+ in boards while preparing for CET.



If you have qualified for the board examination from the Maharashtra Board with 86%, you can take admission in ML Dahanukar College . The students need to fulfil the eligibility criteria and clear the cut-off marks released by the college. Last year, in 2024-25, the cut-off marks for the commerce stream were 75%.

Dear aspirant,

The Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education will conduct the Class 10 SSC exams in 2025. The Mathematics Geometry exam will be part of the exam schedule. The 2025 SSC exams are scheduled to begin on February 21, 2025, and conclude on March 17,2025. So until then you will not be able to access the question paper. You can practice from previous years question papers to know the question pattern and marks divisions.

To get last five year's question papers kindly visit this link given below.

Good luck!

https://school.careers360.com/boards/msbshse/maharashtra-ssc-question-papers